Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3828/jlcds.2022.16.issue-1
{"title":"Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies: Volume 16, Issue 1","authors":"","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2022.16.issue-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2022.16.issue-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44795954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstrat:Marvel superhero movies celebrate the transformation of disabled people into weapons. First Avenger (2011) depicts a disabled man rebuilt by military technology into a patriotic superhero. In Winter Soldier (2014), the Soviet cyborg’s brutal, non-consensual modification serves to emphasize Captain America’s wholesomely perfected body. At first glance, both films seem incapable of critiquing the historical ableism that made Captain America’s modification a desirable image of disability-free future in 1941—let alone its modern manifestations. However, rewatching First Avenger after Winter Soldier reveals a far less stable endorsement of eliminating disability: alerted to the precise anxieties about bodily autonomy in the series, one can perceive an undercurrent of disability critique running through First Avenger too—often literally in the background. The film exposes the historical ableism that shaped Steve’s consent to modification, and begins to establish his sidekick Bucky Barnes as a persistent critical voice capable of envisioning a different disability future. The article is therefore not only about ableism in a pair of superhero movies but also about how these ableist films contain seeds of an unexpected critique of their own disability representation.
{"title":"Disruption and Disability Futures in Captain America: The First Avenger and Captain America: The Winter Soldier","authors":"Alex Tankard","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2022.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2022.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrat:Marvel superhero movies celebrate the transformation of disabled people into weapons. First Avenger (2011) depicts a disabled man rebuilt by military technology into a patriotic superhero. In Winter Soldier (2014), the Soviet cyborg’s brutal, non-consensual modification serves to emphasize Captain America’s wholesomely perfected body. At first glance, both films seem incapable of critiquing the historical ableism that made Captain America’s modification a desirable image of disability-free future in 1941—let alone its modern manifestations. However, rewatching First Avenger after Winter Soldier reveals a far less stable endorsement of eliminating disability: alerted to the precise anxieties about bodily autonomy in the series, one can perceive an undercurrent of disability critique running through First Avenger too—often literally in the background. The film exposes the historical ableism that shaped Steve’s consent to modification, and begins to establish his sidekick Bucky Barnes as a persistent critical voice capable of envisioning a different disability future. The article is therefore not only about ableism in a pair of superhero movies but also about how these ableist films contain seeds of an unexpected critique of their own disability representation.","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"41 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46246464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstrat:The future of art education is shaped by its past, yet the history of art education in special or segregated schools is largely absent from authorized histories of the subject. Previous historical accounts of educational policy and practice establish art and disability as parallel concerns. However, the emergence of educational institutions to promote the visual arts and the contemporaneous establishment of segregated education for disabled children and young people indicate the significance of capitalist industrialization on the production of both. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, the article examines parallel histories and the futurity they imagine via an exploration of two key texts: Arthur Efland’s A History of Art Education (1990) and Michael Royden’s history of the Royal School for the Blind in Liverpool, Pioneers and Perseverence (1991). An increased emphasis on observation and drawing as a means of enhancing quality in British design prescribed an ocularnormative future for art education at this time while education at the Royal School for the Blind shifted its emphasis from technical, craft, and arts-based training to a literacy-based education. The article discusses the relevance of these parallel concerns and the apparent inevitability of an ocularnormative future for art education.
{"title":"Historicizing an Ocularnormative Future for Art Education","authors":"C. Penketh","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2022.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2022.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrat:The future of art education is shaped by its past, yet the history of art education in special or segregated schools is largely absent from authorized histories of the subject. Previous historical accounts of educational policy and practice establish art and disability as parallel concerns. However, the emergence of educational institutions to promote the visual arts and the contemporaneous establishment of segregated education for disabled children and young people indicate the significance of capitalist industrialization on the production of both. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, the article examines parallel histories and the futurity they imagine via an exploration of two key texts: Arthur Efland’s A History of Art Education (1990) and Michael Royden’s history of the Royal School for the Blind in Liverpool, Pioneers and Perseverence (1991). An increased emphasis on observation and drawing as a means of enhancing quality in British design prescribed an ocularnormative future for art education at this time while education at the Royal School for the Blind shifted its emphasis from technical, craft, and arts-based training to a literacy-based education. The article discusses the relevance of these parallel concerns and the apparent inevitability of an ocularnormative future for art education.","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"22 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47283052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Critically praised for its portrayal of a compassionate physician, Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz's 2014 New York Times bestselling biography, Dr. Mütter's Marvels: A True Tale of Intrigue and Innovation at the Dawn of Modern Medicine, follows the life and work of Thomas Dent Mütter, an eccentric and brilliant man who supposedly cured his patients of their unacceptable deformities, thus excising their socially-constructed monstrosity. A continual emphasis on curing benign physical difference in this text is troubling, however, as cure implies a default normative body exists. By characterizing the fact that Mütter treated unique bodies as an act of heroism, the biography upholds ideals that people with unique bodies must live up to unattainable standards. Aptowicz's emphasis on this idea creates an excavation-worthy rhetoric surrounding curative violence as it meets benign corporeal difference. In her work on curative violence, Eunjung Kim constructs the disability proxy, or person who assists the disabled or different to return to their normative state, and Mütter most certainly occupies this proxy position in Aptowicz's biography. In the wake of curative violence, bodies that deviate from an unattainable norm must labor at all costs to reach its ill-defined center, lest they carry a stigmatizing label: monster. Through this process of emphasizing the heroic curative practices of doctors, the biographer inadvertently conjures up ableist tropes. While biographers like Aptowicz have the best of intentions when deploying the term cure, even the best of intentions benefit from critique.
{"title":"Curing Monsters in Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz's Dr. Mütter's Marvels: A True Tale of Intrigue and Innovation at the Dawn of Modern Medicine","authors":"Rae Piwarski","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2021.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2021.34","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Critically praised for its portrayal of a compassionate physician, Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz's 2014 New York Times bestselling biography, Dr. Mütter's Marvels: A True Tale of Intrigue and Innovation at the Dawn of Modern Medicine, follows the life and work of Thomas Dent Mütter, an eccentric and brilliant man who supposedly cured his patients of their unacceptable deformities, thus excising their socially-constructed monstrosity. A continual emphasis on curing benign physical difference in this text is troubling, however, as cure implies a default normative body exists. By characterizing the fact that Mütter treated unique bodies as an act of heroism, the biography upholds ideals that people with unique bodies must live up to unattainable standards. Aptowicz's emphasis on this idea creates an excavation-worthy rhetoric surrounding curative violence as it meets benign corporeal difference. In her work on curative violence, Eunjung Kim constructs the disability proxy, or person who assists the disabled or different to return to their normative state, and Mütter most certainly occupies this proxy position in Aptowicz's biography. In the wake of curative violence, bodies that deviate from an unattainable norm must labor at all costs to reach its ill-defined center, lest they carry a stigmatizing label: monster. Through this process of emphasizing the heroic curative practices of doctors, the biographer inadvertently conjures up ableist tropes. While biographers like Aptowicz have the best of intentions when deploying the term cure, even the best of intentions benefit from critique.","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"437 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49424955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The article reflects on the complexities of deploying imitation as a performance theme within disability arts. The authors are animated by disability arts curator Amanda Cachia's 2019 exhibition, Automatisme Ambulatoire: Hysteria, Imitation, and Performance, which showcased disabled and nondisabled artists exploring the cultural dynamics of imitation through the performing arts. The article begins by considering how imitation enacts proximal familiarity with difference by discussing disability simulation activities, actor training systems, and forms of cultural appropriation. A disability studies framework is employed to consider how artists engage imitation as an element of disability aesthetics. The analysis is developed in conversation with four examples of disability performance—Helen Dowling's Breaker, Claire Cunningham's tributary, Sins Invalid's performance An Unshamed Claim to Beauty, and Jess Thom's rendition of Samuel Beckett's Not I. The article posits that by enacting imitation as a performance theme, disabled artists resist notions that imitation is reserved for bodies read as "neutral," and attend to how imitation brings disability artists into a complex dynamic of political relationality.
{"title":"Reflections on Crip Imitations as Cultural Space-Making","authors":"Eliza Chandler, Megan Johnson","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2021.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2021.31","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The article reflects on the complexities of deploying imitation as a performance theme within disability arts. The authors are animated by disability arts curator Amanda Cachia's 2019 exhibition, Automatisme Ambulatoire: Hysteria, Imitation, and Performance, which showcased disabled and nondisabled artists exploring the cultural dynamics of imitation through the performing arts. The article begins by considering how imitation enacts proximal familiarity with difference by discussing disability simulation activities, actor training systems, and forms of cultural appropriation. A disability studies framework is employed to consider how artists engage imitation as an element of disability aesthetics. The analysis is developed in conversation with four examples of disability performance—Helen Dowling's Breaker, Claire Cunningham's tributary, Sins Invalid's performance An Unshamed Claim to Beauty, and Jess Thom's rendition of Samuel Beckett's Not I. The article posits that by enacting imitation as a performance theme, disabled artists resist notions that imitation is reserved for bodies read as \"neutral,\" and attend to how imitation brings disability artists into a complex dynamic of political relationality.","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"383 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49091948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning Difficulties: Histories and Cultures","authors":"Owen Barden, Tina Cook","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2021.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2021.22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"263 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46631496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.3828/jlcds.2021.15.issue-3
{"title":"Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies: Volume 15, Issue 3","authors":"","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2021.15.issue-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2021.15.issue-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46213631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The article questions both the dominant metanarrative around Down syndrome and its numerous tropes, but also the dominant counter-narrative for effectively re-enforcing this. In order to expose the dominance of the image over the reality of Down syndrome, the article utilizes Baudrillard’s concept of the simulacra. It demonstrates how attempts to challenge the deficit model relating to Down syndrome continue to incorporate both the specific language and underlying metaphors of Down syndrome as other. Despite greater positive visibility in advertisements, television, and the press, there continues to be an increase in terminations and no progress on inclusion in education or the workplace. The article opposes both received narratives and metaphors around Down syndrome and poses a new challenge to the disparate, but ultimately impotent dominant counter-arguments and argues for a renewed focus on the real, the material experiences of people with Down syndrome. This is the only way that the dominant prevalent image of Down syndrome can be overcome.
{"title":"Down Syndrome as Pure Simulacrum","authors":"Sharon Smith, Kieron Smith","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2021.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2021.24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The article questions both the dominant metanarrative around Down syndrome and its numerous tropes, but also the dominant counter-narrative for effectively re-enforcing this. In order to expose the dominance of the image over the reality of Down syndrome, the article utilizes Baudrillard’s concept of the simulacra. It demonstrates how attempts to challenge the deficit model relating to Down syndrome continue to incorporate both the specific language and underlying metaphors of Down syndrome as other. Despite greater positive visibility in advertisements, television, and the press, there continues to be an increase in terminations and no progress on inclusion in education or the workplace. The article opposes both received narratives and metaphors around Down syndrome and poses a new challenge to the disparate, but ultimately impotent dominant counter-arguments and argues for a renewed focus on the real, the material experiences of people with Down syndrome. This is the only way that the dominant prevalent image of Down syndrome can be overcome.","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"287 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42847473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Being a Crip Professor in the Time of Covid-19: A Modern Game of Medieval Chess?","authors":"M. Krummel","doi":"10.3828/JLCDS.2021.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/JLCDS.2021.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"245 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48604957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Memoir Upon the Formation of a Deaf Variety of the Human Race (1883), Alexander Graham Bell proposed several preventative eugenic measures to reduce the transmission of deafness, including oralism, or the pedagogical approach for the exclusive teaching of speech and lipreading, and the reduction of deaf-deaf intermarriage. In answer, writers in Deaf community publications made appeals for autonomy embedded within hegemonic social norms related to race, class, gender, and able-bodiedness. Because marriage autonomy was often conflated with labor and class rather than treated as one of several interwoven strategies in Bell’s eugenic argument, it has been argued that Deaf community leaders underestimated the threat they faced from rising nativist beliefs merged with eugenics in the post-bellum era on into early twentieth-century America. However, in their fiction, white/biracial Deaf creative writers of this era, namely Douglas Tilden, Hypatia Boyd, Guie Deliglio, and Howard Terry, complicated, re-inscribed, and countered these ideologies.
{"title":"Un-Telling “The Eugenist’s Tale”","authors":"Kristen C Harmon","doi":"10.3828/JLCDS.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/JLCDS.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In Memoir Upon the Formation of a Deaf Variety of the Human Race (1883), Alexander Graham Bell proposed several preventative eugenic measures to reduce the transmission of deafness, including oralism, or the pedagogical approach for the exclusive teaching of speech and lipreading, and the reduction of deaf-deaf intermarriage. In answer, writers in Deaf community publications made appeals for autonomy embedded within hegemonic social norms related to race, class, gender, and able-bodiedness. Because marriage autonomy was often conflated with labor and class rather than treated as one of several interwoven strategies in Bell’s eugenic argument, it has been argued that Deaf community leaders underestimated the threat they faced from rising nativist beliefs merged with eugenics in the post-bellum era on into early twentieth-century America. However, in their fiction, white/biracial Deaf creative writers of this era, namely Douglas Tilden, Hypatia Boyd, Guie Deliglio, and Howard Terry, complicated, re-inscribed, and countered these ideologies.","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"146 1","pages":"151-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73719925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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