Xianwei Dong, Gaojin Li, Xuanmeng Dong, Fusheng Wang
{"title":"Study on the effect of coal microscopic pore structure to its spontaneous combustion tendency","authors":"Xianwei Dong, Gaojin Li, Xuanmeng Dong, Fusheng Wang","doi":"10.46873/2300-3960.1351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Mining","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83153030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soundless Chemical Demolition Agents (SCDAs) are an environmentally friendly and safer alternative to traditional rock fragmentation methods. Admixtures are used to change the rheological properties and performance of SCDAs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of various concentrations of chemical accelerators (chloride salts) and viscosity enhancing agents (VEAs: Xanthan gum, Guar gum, and Gellan gum) on the fracture onset compared to an unmodified SCDA (BRISTAR 100®). All experiments were conducted on Portland Type 1 (OPC 1) cement blocks. The flowability of the mixtures was determined by mini-slump tests. Results show that 4wt% MgCl2 and 3wt% CaCl2 have accelerated the fracture onset by 47.4% and 61.2%, respectively. VEAs have a decelerating effect, which is mitigated by the addition of the aforementioned chloride salts. Combining 4wt% MgCl2 with 0.2wt% Xanthan gum reduced the fracture onset time by 66.8%. A cost analysis shows that the initial price of the SCDA mainly determines a potential cost reduction by using admixtures. For a low-cost SCDA, the focus is likely to shift to saving time. This study can serve as a basis for future studies to further improve performance and cost as well as diversify the range of applications for SCDAs.
无声化学爆破剂(SCDAs)是传统岩石破碎方法的一种环保且安全的替代方法。外加剂用于改变scda的流变性能和性能。本研究旨在研究不同浓度的化学促进剂(氯盐)和黏度增强剂(VEAs:黄原胶、瓜尔胶和结冷胶)与未改性SCDA (BRISTAR 100®)相比对骨折发生的影响。所有实验均在Portland Type 1 (opc1)水泥砌块上进行。通过微坍落度试验确定了混合物的流动性。结果表明，4wt% MgCl2和3wt% CaCl2分别使断裂发生加速47.4%和61.2%。vea具有减速作用，通过添加上述氯化物盐可以减轻减速作用。4wt% MgCl2和0.2wt%黄原胶的组合可使断裂发生时间缩短66.8%。成本分析表明，SCDA的初始价格主要决定了外加剂的潜在成本降低。对于低成本的SCDA，重点可能转向节省时间。该研究可为进一步提高scda的性能和成本以及拓宽其应用范围奠定基础。
{"title":"Influence of admixtures on the performance of soundless chemical demolition agents and implications for their utilization","authors":"Nattamon Maneenoi, R. Bissen, S. Chawchai","doi":"10.46873/2300-3960.1350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1350","url":null,"abstract":"Soundless Chemical Demolition Agents (SCDAs) are an environmentally friendly and safer alternative to traditional rock fragmentation methods. Admixtures are used to change the rheological properties and performance of SCDAs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of various concentrations of chemical accelerators (chloride salts) and viscosity enhancing agents (VEAs: Xanthan gum, Guar gum, and Gellan gum) on the fracture onset compared to an unmodified SCDA (BRISTAR 100®). All experiments were conducted on Portland Type 1 (OPC 1) cement blocks. The flowability of the mixtures was determined by mini-slump tests. Results show that 4wt% MgCl2 and 3wt% CaCl2 have accelerated the fracture onset by 47.4% and 61.2%, respectively. VEAs have a decelerating effect, which is mitigated by the addition of the aforementioned chloride salts. Combining 4wt% MgCl2 with 0.2wt% Xanthan gum reduced the fracture onset time by 66.8%. A cost analysis shows that the initial price of the SCDA mainly determines a potential cost reduction by using admixtures. For a low-cost SCDA, the focus is likely to shift to saving time. This study can serve as a basis for future studies to further improve performance and cost as well as diversify the range of applications for SCDAs.","PeriodicalId":37284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Mining","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89670705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to regulations of the mining industry in China, it is necessary to carry out gas hazard prevention projects in advance when mining coal seams with gas hazard potential, and gas geological research should be taken as the basic work for optimal design and effective construction of gas hazard prevention projects. Research on coal seam with gas hazard potential have shown that anomalous geological area could be the gas hazard potential area as well, where superimposed tectonic and mining stress field usually results in tectonically disturbed coal and pressured gas. A 4D gas geological research method is used to find out the anomalous geological area and assess its gas hazard potential. The method covers two ranges of gas geological research: fine geological survey and 4D analysis. The former includes a comprehensive prospect of concealed small geological anomalies (such as small fault, small fold and coal thickness variation) by use of gas extraction projects; The latter includes a dynamic forecast of gas hazard potential from space-time perspective based on numerical simulation analysis on additional stress fields around small geological structures beyond coal mining face. Its research benefit the optimal design and effective implementation of gas hazard prevention measures in coal mining panel with high coal and gas outburst potential.
{"title":"4D gas geological research on coal seam with gas hazard potential in mining panel","authors":"H. Cui, Xin-Yue He, Zehua Wang","doi":"10.46873/2300-3960.1353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1353","url":null,"abstract":"According to regulations of the mining industry in China, it is necessary to carry out gas hazard prevention projects in advance when mining coal seams with gas hazard potential, and gas geological research should be taken as the basic work for optimal design and effective construction of gas hazard prevention projects. Research on coal seam with gas hazard potential have shown that anomalous geological area could be the gas hazard potential area as well, where superimposed tectonic and mining stress field usually results in tectonically disturbed coal and pressured gas. A 4D gas geological research method is used to find out the anomalous geological area and assess its gas hazard potential. The method covers two ranges of gas geological research: fine geological survey and 4D analysis. The former includes a comprehensive prospect of concealed small geological anomalies (such as small fault, small fold and coal thickness variation) by use of gas extraction projects; The latter includes a dynamic forecast of gas hazard potential from space-time perspective based on numerical simulation analysis on additional stress fields around small geological structures beyond coal mining face. Its research benefit the optimal design and effective implementation of gas hazard prevention measures in coal mining panel with high coal and gas outburst potential.","PeriodicalId":37284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Mining","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84592223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved Methodology for Monitoring the Impact of Mining Activities on Socio-Economic Conditions of Local Communities","authors":"Bina Pandey, D. P. Mishra","doi":"10.46873/2300-3960.1348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Mining","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81856677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Government of Ghana prohibited Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) operations from 2017 to 2018 as part of its strategy to address the socio-environmental issues caused by illegal mining activities, also referred to as “galamsey” operations. This study assessed the trend in the water quality of raw water abstracted at the Konongo Water Treatment Plant (WTP) for treatment before and after implementing the ban on “galamsey” operations. The main source of raw water for the Konongo WTP is the Anuru River. Secondary data on physicochemical water quality from 2006 to 2019 was sourced from the Konongo WTP and the Ashanti Regional Water Quality Assurance Unit of Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL). Mann-Kendall seasonality test was used to determine trends in the water quality data using XLSTAT statistical tool. The results showed a statistically significant (5% level of significance) upward trend in colour, turbidity, temperature, total iron, and sulphate before the ban on “galamsey” activities. There was statistically significant evidence of a downward trend in total hardness, calcium hardness, turbidity, total alkalinity, and chloride after the ban on “galamsey” operations.
{"title":"Impact of the ban on illegal mining activities on raw water quality: A case-study of Konongo Water Treatment Plant, Ashanti Region of Ghana","authors":"Sadique Anyame Bawa, P. Antwi-Agyei, M. K. Domfeh","doi":"10.46873/2300-3960.1349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1349","url":null,"abstract":"The Government of Ghana prohibited Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) operations from 2017 to 2018 as part of its strategy to address the socio-environmental issues caused by illegal mining activities, also referred to as “galamsey” operations. This study assessed the trend in the water quality of raw water abstracted at the Konongo Water Treatment Plant (WTP) for treatment before and after implementing the ban on “galamsey” operations. The main source of raw water for the Konongo WTP is the Anuru River. Secondary data on physicochemical water quality from 2006 to 2019 was sourced from the Konongo WTP and the Ashanti Regional Water Quality Assurance Unit of Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL). Mann-Kendall seasonality test was used to determine trends in the water quality data using XLSTAT statistical tool. The results showed a statistically significant (5% level of significance) upward trend in colour, turbidity, temperature, total iron, and sulphate before the ban on “galamsey” activities. There was statistically significant evidence of a downward trend in total hardness, calcium hardness, turbidity, total alkalinity, and chloride after the ban on “galamsey” operations.","PeriodicalId":37284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Mining","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73031678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bagherzadeh, M. Najafi, M. F. Marji, M. Noroozi
{"title":"A proper borehole pattern design for coal seam methane drainage in Tabas coal mine using Comsol Multiphysics","authors":"A. Bagherzadeh, M. Najafi, M. F. Marji, M. Noroozi","doi":"10.46873/2300-3960.1347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Mining","volume":"32 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73124952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of InSAR in Linear Discontinuous Ground Deformation Generation Analysis: Case Study of a Mine in Poland","authors":"Bartosz Apanowicz","doi":"10.46873/2300-3960.1346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1346","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Mining","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87222323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rahimi, Y. Shekarian, N. Shekarian, P. Roghanchi
{"title":"Accident Analysis of Mining Industry in the United States – A retrospective study for 36 years","authors":"E. Rahimi, Y. Shekarian, N. Shekarian, P. Roghanchi","doi":"10.46873/2300-3960.1345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Mining","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82522874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the ground support systems that are planned to be implemented on Block A, which will be excavated through the Marikana fault zone. The block of ground being prepared for mining has been physically affected by the presence of the Marikana fault and is therefore geomechanically and geotechnically weaker than the normal stoping conditions on the rest of the shaft. Data collected during the raiselines mapping was used as input into the numerical modelling software (Dips and JBlock), which indicated a major scatter of joint orientations in Block A. Shallow dipping orientations of 276 /14 , 174 /11 and 69 /14 were observed. An average RMR below 50 was calculated from the field mapping data which indicates that the quality of the rockmass in Block A is relatively poor and pose the risk of rock falls due to high probability of unstable rocks. Jblock simulations were performed to estimate the load bearing capacity of the roof bolts. The simulation results showed that the probability of failure reduced to 26% at a loading capacity of 160 kN as opposed to a 60% probability using 100 kN capacity. Likewise, the probability of block failure for 1 m blocks and the maximum support failure decreased to 27% and 5% respectively. The area simulated is a stoping panel with a 15 m face length and a 30 m back length. A total number of 10 000 keyblocks were generated and the probability of failure was highest for 1 m at a 60% in between support. The JBlock analysis shows that the support spacing implemented at Mine A does not sufficiently account for all rockfalls that can occur due to keyblock formation in the hangingwall. In order to effectively support the unstable ground, it is recommended that longer grouted coupling roof bolts of 2 m length spaced at 1 £ 1.2 m should be installed, as opposed to the current mechanical end-anchors (ungrouted) of 1.6 m length spaced at 1.5 m £ 1.5 m.
{"title":"Investigating the effectiveness of a ground support system implemented on Block A: A case study of Southern Africa Metalliferous Mine","authors":"K. Manyelo, Peter Kolapo","doi":"10.46873/2300-3960.1344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1344","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the ground support systems that are planned to be implemented on Block A, which will be excavated through the Marikana fault zone. The block of ground being prepared for mining has been physically affected by the presence of the Marikana fault and is therefore geomechanically and geotechnically weaker than the normal stoping conditions on the rest of the shaft. Data collected during the raiselines mapping was used as input into the numerical modelling software (Dips and JBlock), which indicated a major scatter of joint orientations in Block A. Shallow dipping orientations of 276 /14 , 174 /11 and 69 /14 were observed. An average RMR below 50 was calculated from the field mapping data which indicates that the quality of the rockmass in Block A is relatively poor and pose the risk of rock falls due to high probability of unstable rocks. Jblock simulations were performed to estimate the load bearing capacity of the roof bolts. The simulation results showed that the probability of failure reduced to 26% at a loading capacity of 160 kN as opposed to a 60% probability using 100 kN capacity. Likewise, the probability of block failure for 1 m blocks and the maximum support failure decreased to 27% and 5% respectively. The area simulated is a stoping panel with a 15 m face length and a 30 m back length. A total number of 10 000 keyblocks were generated and the probability of failure was highest for 1 m at a 60% in between support. The JBlock analysis shows that the support spacing implemented at Mine A does not sufficiently account for all rockfalls that can occur due to keyblock formation in the hangingwall. In order to effectively support the unstable ground, it is recommended that longer grouted coupling roof bolts of 2 m length spaced at 1 £ 1.2 m should be installed, as opposed to the current mechanical end-anchors (ungrouted) of 1.6 m length spaced at 1.5 m £ 1.5 m.","PeriodicalId":37284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Mining","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74849918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corey A Laamanen, K. Moreau, S. Desjardins, Shannon H. McLean, J. A. Scott
The widespread use of fossil fuel sourced diesel underground has various associated health and environmental hazards, and additional energy demand and costs associated with necessary ventilation. One way to reduce these impacts is by utilizing a biodiesel-blend, which generates lower levels of harmful emissions from underground equipment and can be produced regionally, reducing the impact of transportation. Furthermore, this would help allow use of existing machinery during transition towards more widespread electrification underground. Therefore, the concept of an integrated supply and use chain within the mining industry is examined based on biodiesel from acidophilic photosynthetic microalgae cultivated using CO2 in smelter off-gas. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to compare the environmental impacts of production, transportation, and end-use of fossil fuel sourced diesel to biodiesel-blended fuel across four underground metal ore mine sites (Canada, Poland, Zambia, and Australia). The outcomes from assessing four key environmental impact potentials (global warming, eutrophication, acidification and human toxicity) demonstrate the advantages of using biodiesel-blends. The integration of biodiesel resulted in changes from ¡22.5 to þ22.8% (global warming), from ¡18.9 to þ26.3% (acidification), from ¡6.1 to þ27.3% (eutrophication), and from ¡21.0 to ¡3.6% (human toxicity). The results showed reduction across all potentials for two mines and reduction in human toxicity potential for all sites.
{"title":"The use of microalgal sourced biodiesel to help underground mines transition to battery electric vehicles","authors":"Corey A Laamanen, K. Moreau, S. Desjardins, Shannon H. McLean, J. A. Scott","doi":"10.46873/2300-3960.1327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1327","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of fossil fuel sourced diesel underground has various associated health and environmental hazards, and additional energy demand and costs associated with necessary ventilation. One way to reduce these impacts is by utilizing a biodiesel-blend, which generates lower levels of harmful emissions from underground equipment and can be produced regionally, reducing the impact of transportation. Furthermore, this would help allow use of existing machinery during transition towards more widespread electrification underground. Therefore, the concept of an integrated supply and use chain within the mining industry is examined based on biodiesel from acidophilic photosynthetic microalgae cultivated using CO2 in smelter off-gas. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to compare the environmental impacts of production, transportation, and end-use of fossil fuel sourced diesel to biodiesel-blended fuel across four underground metal ore mine sites (Canada, Poland, Zambia, and Australia). The outcomes from assessing four key environmental impact potentials (global warming, eutrophication, acidification and human toxicity) demonstrate the advantages of using biodiesel-blends. The integration of biodiesel resulted in changes from ¡22.5 to þ22.8% (global warming), from ¡18.9 to þ26.3% (acidification), from ¡6.1 to þ27.3% (eutrophication), and from ¡21.0 to ¡3.6% (human toxicity). The results showed reduction across all potentials for two mines and reduction in human toxicity potential for all sites.","PeriodicalId":37284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Mining","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87227286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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