Water Security最新文献

Predictive mapping of harmful algal blooms with Sentinel-2 imagery and random forest modelling 利用Sentinel-2图像和随机森林模型预测有害藻华

IF 4.3 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Water Security

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasec.2025.100194

Carolina Acuña-Alonso , Diego Barba-Barragáns , Joaquín Martínez-Sánchez , Xana Álvarez

Climate change and anthropogenic nutrient enrichment are driving the proliferation of algal blooms worldwide, posing a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, including urban reservoirs. As water security in these systems is critical, inadequate monitoring continues to contribute to water quality deterioration and the loss of vital ecosystem services. This study aims to develop early detection tools for harmful algal blooms using Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery, the Random Forest algorithm, and in situ data. Model performance was evaluated for Trophic State Index (TSI), Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and surface water temperature in urban reservoirs, with initial calibration and validation on the A Baxe reservoir, followed by external validation in As Forcadas (northwest Spain). Spectral indices – such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Brightness Index (BI) – and specific bands were derived using Google Earth Engine (GEE). The developed models demonstrated high accuracy, with coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.97 for Chl-a, > 0.80 for TSI, and > 0.70 for temperature. The TSI model’s relevance is underscored by its integration of various physicochemical parameters (N_total, P_total, Secchi Disk, Chl-a), and the BI index showed strong performance in estimating temperature despite Sentinel-2′s lack of a thermal band. This study proposes transferable methodologies for any reservoir, delivering an effective tool for the early detection of harmful algal blooms in stagnant waters, and contributing significantly to improved water resource management and the protection of aquatic ecosystems.

气候变化和人为的营养物富集正在推动世界范围内藻华的扩散，对包括城市水库在内的水生生态系统构成重大威胁。由于这些系统的水安全至关重要，监测不足继续导致水质恶化和重要生态系统服务的丧失。本研究旨在利用Sentinel-2多光谱图像、随机森林算法和原位数据开发有害藻华的早期检测工具。对城市水库的营养状态指数（TSI）、叶绿素- A （Chl-a）和地表水温度进行了模型性能评估，首先在A Baxe水库进行了初步校准和验证，然后在西班牙西北部的As Forcadas进行了外部验证。利用谷歌Earth Engine （GEE）导出了归一化植被指数（NDVI）、归一化水体指数（NDWI）、亮度指数（BI）等光谱指数和特定波段。所建立的模型具有较高的精度，Chl-a的决定系数（R2）为0.97，TSI为>； 0.80，温度为>； 0.70。TSI模型的相关性通过其整合各种物理化学参数（Ntotal, Ptotal, Secchi Disk, Chl-a）而得到强调，尽管Sentinel-2缺乏热带，但BI指数在估计温度方面表现出色。本研究提出了适用于任何水库的可转移方法，为早期发现死水中有害藻华提供了有效的工具，并为改善水资源管理和保护水生生态系统做出了重大贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Frost depth increase under a nuclear winter scenario projected to sever piped-water access in the Northern Hemisphere 在核冬天的情景下，霜冻深度的增加预计将切断北半球的管道供水

IF 4.3 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Water Security

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasec.2025.100193

Juan Esteban Lamilla Cuellar , Rachel Palm , David C. Denkenberger , Florian Ulrich Jehn

The continuous functioning of the underground water supply networks is essential for many aspects of modern civilization. Therefore, it is essential to keep such critical infrastructure safe from disasters. However, existing risk assessment studies often assume relatively stable climate conditions. Abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios, such as those caused by a nuclear war, a large volcanic eruption, or an asteroid impact, could cool the planet by up to 10 °C and thus frost-damage water pipes. This study investigates such vulnerability of the global underground water supply network in urban areas, in a nuclear winter – one such abrupt climate shift resulting from a nuclear war. We use climate modeling data simulating a nuclear exchange between Russia and the United States of America, in combination with predictions of the network location and density derived from nighttime light and artificial impervious surface data. By considering an increase in maximum frost depth under nuclear winter conditions, we identify areas where such networks are most vulnerable to disruption, and predict the length of the potentially affected pipelines using population-size-based and street-network-length-based models. As estimated, a total of ∼ 5–9 million kilometers of this critical infrastructure in 92 countries is at risk of freezing, potentially impacting the primary water source of over 2 billion individuals. Our findings highlight the need to expand the scope of climate resilience assessments in water risk research to include a broader range of climate scenarios, including sudden cold shifts.

地下供水网络的持续运作对现代文明的许多方面都是必不可少的。因此，确保这些关键基础设施不受灾害影响至关重要。然而，现有的风险评估研究往往假设相对稳定的气候条件。由于核战争、大型火山爆发或小行星撞击造成的突然日照减少，可能会使地球温度降低10摄氏度，从而使水管受到霜冻。这项研究调查了在核冬天（由核战争引起的气候突变）下，城市地区全球地下水供应网络的脆弱性。我们使用模拟俄罗斯和美国之间核交换的气候建模数据，结合从夜间灯光和人工不透水表面数据得出的网络位置和密度预测。通过考虑核冬季条件下最大霜深的增加，我们确定了此类网络最容易受到破坏的区域，并使用基于人口规模和基于街道网络长度的模型预测可能受影响的管道的长度。据估计，92个国家共有约500万至900万公里的这一关键基础设施面临冻结的风险，可能影响超过20亿人的主要水源。我们的研究结果强调，有必要扩大水风险研究中气候适应能力评估的范围，以包括更广泛的气候情景，包括突然的冷移。

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引用次数: 0

Transforming collapsing arid river systems: Moving from deterministic approaches to complex adaptive governance 转变崩溃的干旱河流系统：从确定性方法到复杂的适应性治理

IF 4.3 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Water Security

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasec.2025.100192

Jaishri Srinivasan

This article examines the current conceptual and theoretical foundations of river governance. Current river governance approaches have proven inadequate and insufficient to address compounding effects of climate change, invasive species, biodiversity declines, environmental degradation and burgeoning anthropogenic needs. In arid and semi-arid regions, water-limited ecohydrology makes the river systems more vulnerable and can trigger non-linear responses. To counter this, I first offer transformative possibilities spanning sociocultural, legal-political, ecohydrological and techno-economic realms. Next, I discuss the deeper social psychological aspects of governance for transformation. Finally, using the case example of the Colorado River and the Cynefin framework for decision-making in complexity, I highlight examples of issue categories in simple, complicated, complex and chaotic categories, the decision-mechanisms, potentials and challenges of each category and pathways forward. This framework can be applied to other stressed, arid and semi-arid river systems with appropriate contextual considerations.

本文考察了当前河流治理的概念和理论基础。目前的河流治理方法已被证明不足以应对气候变化、物种入侵、生物多样性下降、环境退化和日益增长的人为需求的复合效应。在干旱和半干旱地区，水资源有限的生态水文使河流系统更加脆弱，并可能引发非线性响应。为了解决这个问题，我首先提出了跨越社会文化、法律政治、生态水文和技术经济领域的变革可能性。接下来，我将讨论转型治理的更深层次的社会心理方面。最后，我以科罗拉多河和Cynefin复杂性决策框架为例，重点介绍了简单、复杂、复杂和混乱类别中的问题类别，以及每个类别的决策机制、潜力和挑战以及前进的途径。这一框架可以应用于其他有压力的、干旱和半干旱的河流系统，并进行适当的背景考虑。

引用次数: 0

Water security in the agriculture and cattle grazing activities: A systematic review 农业和畜牧业中的水安全：系统综述

IF 4.3 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Water Security

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasec.2025.100191

Fernando António Leal Pacheco , Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra

This study reviewed water security issues related to agriculture and cattle grazing activities, based on the findings of 171 articles published in the past two decades, namely 23% before 2020 and 77% between 2020 and 2025. The reviewed studies represented contributions from all continents, with a larger share from Asian, European and American countries. The key results, (a) exposed supply–demand challenges related to increasing irrigation needs, allocation scales and regimes, and environmental flow insurance; (b) elected rainwater harvesting, drip irrigation and soil moisture sensors as prime water conservation measures, and conjunctive use of conventional and non-conventional water sources as strategic conservation pathway; (c) indicated the preservation of riparian forests and wetlands, coupled with agriculture and livestock management practices, as fundamental measures of surface water pollution control; (d) highlighted the need of coupling contamination risk programs with management initiatives and prioritization of action, to effectively protect groundwater resources; (e) brought attention to the need of optimizing the use of floodplain recession water as irrigation source in arid regions; (f) showed how governance is in the core of a water-secure river basin, especially if the principle of trust and engagement is broadly implemented at all institutional levels; (g) and finally, transported into the discussion the role of payments for water services as pathway to aid governance, bringing watersheds towards more resilient levels of water security. As whole, the current review shed light over key challenges of today’s water security in the rural environment recommending solutions to overcome them.

本研究基于过去20年发表的171篇文章的研究结果，回顾了与农业和畜牧业活动相关的水安全问题，其中2020年之前的占23%，2020年至2025年的占77%。所审查的研究报告来自各大洲，其中亚洲、欧洲和美洲国家所占比例较大。主要结果：(a)暴露了与增加灌溉需求、分配规模和制度以及环境流量保险有关的供需挑战；(b)选择雨水收集、滴灌和土壤湿度传感器作为主要的节水措施，并将常规和非常规水源结合使用作为战略性的节水途径；(c)指出保存河岸森林和湿地，加上农业和牲畜管理办法，作为控制地表水污染的基本措施；(d)强调需要将污染风险规划与管理举措和优先行动结合起来，以有效保护地下水资源；(e)提请注意必须尽量利用洪泛区退耕水作为干旱地区的灌溉水源；(f)展示了治理如何成为水安全河流流域的核心，特别是在所有机构层面广泛实施信任和参与原则的情况下；(g)最后，将水服务支付作为援助治理途径的作用纳入讨论，使流域达到更具弹性的水安全水平。总的来说，目前的审查揭示了当今农村环境中水安全的主要挑战，并提出了克服这些挑战的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of flooding on the social and mental health of older adults- A scoping review 洪水对老年人社会和心理健康的影响——范围综述

IF 4.3 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Water Security

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasec.2025.100190

Chen Song, Funda Atun, Justine I. Blanford, Carmen Anthonj

Flood disasters have a profound impact on the social and mental health of older adults. However, research on these effects remains limited, and a comprehensive understanding of their implications is lacking. This study addresses this gap through a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature, using the Disaster Pressure and Release model to analyze the vulnerabilities and risks older adults face during floods. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE/PubMed in September 2022 and July 2024, identifying 6,492 studies. After screening and full-text review, 11 studies were included. The findings indicate that floods contribute to increased social isolation and limited social network support, and relatively fewer issues with a sense of place and belonging. Older adults also experience high levels of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, though sleep problems appear less common. With the low number of reviewed papers, findings highlight regional differences as significant gaps in current research. The study shows the need for better disaster preparedness strategies, stronger mental health support, and improved social help to mitigate the long-term effects of flooding on older adults. More research in different regions is important to create more effective policies and plans that meet the needs of older adults.

洪涝灾害对老年人的社会和心理健康有着深远的影响。然而，对这些影响的研究仍然有限，缺乏对其影响的全面理解。本研究通过对同行评议文献的范围审查，利用灾害压力和释放模型分析老年人在洪水期间面临的脆弱性和风险，解决了这一差距。根据PRISMA指南，我们检索了Web of Science， Scopus和MEDLINE/PubMed在2022年9月和2024年7月，确定了6492项研究。经过筛选和全文审查，纳入了11项研究。研究结果表明，洪水导致社会孤立加剧，社会网络支持有限，而地方感和归属感问题相对较少。老年人也会经历高度的抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍，尽管睡眠问题似乎不太常见。由于被审查的论文数量较少，研究结果突出了区域差异，这是当前研究的重大差距。该研究表明，需要更好的备灾战略、更强的心理健康支持和更好的社会帮助，以减轻洪水对老年人的长期影响。在不同地区进行更多的研究对于制定更有效的政策和计划以满足老年人的需求非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Water and food insecurity & quality of life for deaf Nigerians: A community-based cross sectional study 水和粮食不安全&生活质量为聋人尼日利亚：以社区为基础的横断面研究

Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Water Security

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasec.2025.100188

Alina Engelman , Saminu Ismail , Jordan Fenlon , Emily Noschese , Lorne Farovitch

Drought and flooding caused by climate change as well as regional and global conflicts mean that access to both water and food is becoming increasingly precarious worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Deaf and disabled people worldwide have historically struggled to access basic needs, including access to nutritious food, sanitation and clean, potable water. Access to clean water and food is a daily challenge for many Nigerians, particularly in the northern regions. Our first-of-its kind exploratory study of 150 deaf Nigerians reports findings from a cross-sectional survey involving deaf Nigerians about their access to these essential resources. Our study, led by a joint team of deaf American and deaf Nigerian scholars, sheds light on deaf Nigerians’ diverse experiences accessing food, sanitation and potable water. We applied two logistic regression models to our data with having enough food and access to clean water as separate outcomes. Findings indicate that quality of life with respect to physical health is associated both with having access to clean water and having enough to eat. We discuss these findings in the context of geopolitical and social hurdles that deaf Nigerians face, including a lack of educational and employment advantages.

气候变化以及区域和全球冲突造成的干旱和洪水意味着，在世界范围内，特别是在发展中国家，获得水和粮食正变得越来越不稳定。世界各地的聋人和残疾人历来难以获得基本需求，包括获得营养食品、卫生设施和清洁饮用水。获得清洁的水和食物是许多尼日利亚人每天面临的挑战，特别是在北部地区。我们首次对150名失聪尼日利亚人进行了探索性研究，报告了一项涉及失聪尼日利亚人获取这些基本资源的横断面调查的结果。我们的研究由一个由美国聋人和尼日利亚聋人学者组成的联合小组领导，揭示了尼日利亚聋人在获得食物、卫生设施和饮用水方面的不同经历。我们对我们的数据应用了两个逻辑回归模型，将获得足够的食物和获得清洁的水作为单独的结果。调查结果表明，与身体健康有关的生活质量与获得清洁水和有足够的食物有关。我们在失聪的尼日利亚人所面临的地缘政治和社会障碍的背景下讨论这些发现，包括缺乏教育和就业优势。

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引用次数: 0

Wastewater treatment systems and terrorism 废水处理系统和恐怖主义

Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Water Security

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasec.2025.100187

Gábor Szűcs , Dennis G. Barten , János Besenyő

Wastewater treatment systems are considered critical infrastructure facilities, and can be the target of terrorist attacks. The aim of this work is to draw attention to the threat posed by attacks on wastewater treatment systems, which has not been the subject of a study of this kind to date. The authors aim to illustrate the vulnerability of wastewater treatment systems by collecting and documenting the physical and virtual attacks that have occurred and presenting the most serious cases. With the rapid development of information technology in the world, the number of attacks in cyberspace is increasing proportionately, and therefore more attacks are being targeted at water management and wastewater systems. This article is divided into two parts. First, an overview is provided of physical attacks and cyber incidents targeting wastewater treatment systems. Second, we project the public health impacts and subsequent threats of a terrorist attack that results in the widespread wastewater flood of populated areas.

废水处理系统被认为是关键的基础设施，可能成为恐怖袭击的目标。这项工作的目的是提请人们注意对废水处理系统的攻击所构成的威胁，迄今为止，这还不是此类研究的主题。作者旨在通过收集和记录已经发生的物理和虚拟攻击并呈现最严重的案例来说明废水处理系统的脆弱性。随着世界信息技术的快速发展，网络空间的攻击数量呈比例增加，因此针对水管理和污水处理系统的攻击越来越多。本文分为两部分。首先，概述了针对废水处理系统的物理攻击和网络事件。其次，我们预测公共卫生的影响和随后的恐怖袭击的威胁，导致人口密集地区的污水泛滥。

引用次数: 0

Gender dimensions of water vending in LMICs: A scoping review 中低收入国家售水的性别维度：范围审查

Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Water Security

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100186

Lukas T.J. Weissenberger, Susan J. Elliott

This scoping review draws together the existing literature on the gender dimensions of water vending. Although research on this topic remains limited, available studies indicate that gender significantly influences the dynamics of water vending and its implications for gender equality. The expression of gender through water vending is context-specific, shaped by cultural, social, economic, and environmental factors, and it evolves over time. The findings show that gender norms, roles, and relations play a crucial role in shaping local water vending systems. Key factors that affect the relationship between water vending and gender include different types of labor—particularly the intersection of productive and reproductive work—and the broader economic, social, and environmental conditions in which water vending occurs. These findings highlight the need to recognize the gendered nature of water supply systems in order to ensure equitable water access and promote gender equality. This review emphasizes that, despite the heterogeneity of local water vending practices, the gendered nature of these activities remains a critical factor influencing broader issues of inequality.

这个范围审查汇集了现有的文献在性别层面的水贩卖。虽然关于这一主题的研究仍然有限，但现有的研究表明，性别对自动售水的动态及其对性别平等的影响显著。通过卖水来表达性别是特定情境的，受文化、社会、经济和环境因素的影响，并随着时间的推移而演变。研究结果表明，性别规范、角色和关系在塑造当地的自动售水系统中起着至关重要的作用。影响自动售水与性别之间关系的关键因素包括不同类型的劳动力——特别是生产和生殖工作的交集——以及自动售水发生的更广泛的经济、社会和环境条件。这些调查结果突出表明，必须认识到供水系统的性别性质，以确保公平取水和促进性别平等。这一审查强调，尽管地方卖水做法各不相同，但这些活动的性别性质仍然是影响更广泛的不平等问题的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

The past, present, and future of Ghana’s WASH sector. An explorative analysis 加纳讲卫生运动的过去、现在和未来。探索性分析

Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Water Security

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100185

Thelma Z. Abu , Meshack Achore , Mohammod Irfan , Ibrahim Musah , Tanko Yussif Azzika

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) are fundamental to human health and development. Initiatives like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) propelled WASH inequities to the forefront of development. Several countries have undergone reforms to ensure universal access to WASH. Using Ghana as a case study, we traced the evolutionary path of Ghana’s WASH sector highlighting persistent socio-ecological and political-economic factors shaping the current WASH sector reforms and access. We then engage in an integrated assessment modelling to examine the viability and implications of achieving targets of SDG 6 using the International Futures simulation. We find a more feasible pathway to achieving universal WASH access should prioritize eradicating open defecation and surface water use often experienced in rural and urban slums.

水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）是人类健康和发展的基础。可持续发展目标（SDGs）等倡议将饮水、环卫和讲卫生运动的不平等问题推到了发展的前沿。一些国家进行了改革，以确保普及讲卫生运动。以加纳为例，我们追溯了加纳讲卫生运动部门的发展历程，强调了影响当前讲卫生运动部门改革和普及的持续性社会生态和政治经济因素。然后，我们进行了综合评估建模，利用 "国际未来 "模拟法研究了实现可持续发展目标 6 各项具体目标的可行性和影响。我们发现，实现人人享有饮水、环卫和讲卫生服务的更可行途径是优先消除农村和城市贫民窟经常出现的露天排便和使用地表水的现象。

引用次数: 0

Using managed aquifer recharge to address land subsidence: Insights from a global literature review 利用有管理的含水层补给解决土地沉降问题：全球文献综述的启示

Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Water Security

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasec.2024.100184

Constantin Seidl , Declan Page , Sarah Ann Wheeler

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) – through mitigating groundwater over-extraction – has been used as a tool to mitigate land subsidence in many regions around the world. However, given that to date, MAR has not been used to its full potential as a water resource management tool, then subsequently MAR for land subsidence mitigation (MAR-LS) is also underutilized. This paper reviews the MAR and MAR-LS literature using three approaches. Firstly, we review a global case study database of 314 MAR schemes from 172 studies to examine whether non-trial MAR-LS schemes are different to other MAR schemes in technology, management, and effectiveness. To explore socio-economic and other influences on MAR-LS effectiveness, we complement this with a comparison of economic assessments of MAR and MAR-LS schemes to explore potential unique economic and financial characteristics and how they influence effectiveness. And finally, we undertake a detailed case study review of the effectiveness and issues with MAR-LS schemes in Shanghai, Las Vegas, and Mexico City, shedding light on aspects not captured by the previous two assessments. A range of relevant MAR insights and findings are provided to foster future successful MAR-LS implementation.

通过缓解地下水过度抽取，含水层管理补给（MAR）已被世界许多地区用作缓解土地沉降的工具。然而，鉴于迄今为止，管理性含水层补给作为水资源管理工具的潜力尚未得到充分发挥，因此用于减缓土地沉降的管理性含水层补给（MAR-LS）也未得到充分利用。本文采用三种方法对 MAR 和 MAR-LS 文献进行了回顾。首先，我们查阅了全球案例研究数据库，其中包括来自 172 项研究的 314 个 MAR 方案，以研究非试验性 MAR-LS 方案与其他 MAR 方案在技术、管理和效果方面是否存在差异。为了探索社会经济和其他因素对 MAR-LS 有效性的影响，我们对 MAR 和 MAR-LS 计划的经济评估进行了比较，以探索潜在的独特经济和财务特征及其对有效性的影响。最后，我们还对上海、拉斯维加斯和墨西哥城的 MAR-LS 计划的有效性和问题进行了详细的案例研究，以揭示前两项评估未涉及的方面。我们提供了一系列相关的 MAR 见解和发现，以促进未来 MAR-LS 的成功实施。

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引用次数: 0