Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1002/9781118786352.WBIEG2105
Federico Ferretti
This entry does not pretend exhaustivity in summarizing the bourgeoning field of current international scholarship in the history of geography. It does not even pretend to be a compendium of any possible narrative to be defined a “history of geography”. Rather, it will focus on some current methods and research tools in the broadly defined area of the philosophy and history of geography. This way, it will provide the reader with the most relevant updates to understand why this “subdiscipline”, which is still considered as a relatively peripheral one by several geographers, is showing special vibrancy in the last years. This renewed interest in geography’s histories is based on the increasing extension of the places, periods, authors and definitions which are currently investigated by scholars, who generally use the theoretical and methodological tools of the spatial turn and of contextual readings in the history of science that successfully challenged internalism, essentialism and positivism in reading the geographical traditions. An important part of current scholarship is now committed to radicalize, internationalize and decolonize the histories of geography, by increasingly addressing the richness, complexity and diversity of a plurality of “geographical traditions” rather than one “geographical tradition”.
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Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1002/9781118786352.WBIEG2070
S. Bordoloi
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Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg2040
N. Waters
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{"title":"Microtargeting","authors":"N. Waters","doi":"10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg2040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg2040","url":null,"abstract":"Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.","PeriodicalId":373518,"journal":{"name":"International Encyclopedia of Geography","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124926669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.1002/9781118786352.WBIEG2061
P. Adams
{"title":"Geographies of media","authors":"P. Adams","doi":"10.1002/9781118786352.WBIEG2061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.WBIEG2061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373518,"journal":{"name":"International Encyclopedia of Geography","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129121207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg2055
M. O’Kelly
Gateways provide a number of methods for connecting an IP telephony network to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a legacy PBX, or key systems. Gateways range from specialized, entry-level and stand-alone voice gateways to high-end, feature-rich integrated router and Cisco Catalyst gateways. This chapter explains important factors to consider when selecting a Cisco gateway to provide the appropriate protocol and feature support for your IP Telephony network. The main topics discussed in this chapter include: • Traffic Patterns and Gateway Sizing, page 13-2 • TDM and VoIP Trunking Gateways, page 13-7 • Understanding Cisco Gateways, page 13-8 • Gateway Selection, page 13-9 • Fax and Modem Support, page 13-19 • Gateways for Video Telephony, page 13-27
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