Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg2121
C. Ducruet
The concept of urban network implies a certain degree of interdependency among cities that are connected by various linkages at different spatial scales. Geographers but also many other scientists have theorized the urban network, leading to a wide diversity of definitions and empirical studies. We review existing approaches through three successive steps: schools of thought across scientific disciplines; operational urban networks in relation to spatial planning; and empirical analyses of intercity transport and other systems. The scarcity of studies offering a multilayered approach to urban networks and/or integrating local socio-economic determinants motivates further research in this field.
{"title":"Urban network","authors":"C. Ducruet","doi":"10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg2121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg2121","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of urban network implies a certain degree of interdependency among cities that are connected by various linkages at different spatial scales. Geographers but also many other scientists have theorized the urban network, leading to a wide diversity of definitions and empirical studies. We review existing approaches through three successive steps: schools of thought across scientific disciplines; operational urban networks in relation to spatial planning; and empirical analyses of intercity transport and other systems. The scarcity of studies offering a multilayered approach to urban networks and/or integrating local socio-economic determinants motivates further research in this field.","PeriodicalId":373518,"journal":{"name":"International Encyclopedia of Geography","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123265004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.1002/9781118786352.WBIEG0508.PUB2
Shannon R. McCarragher, L. Rigg
{"title":"Temperate forest ecosystems","authors":"Shannon R. McCarragher, L. Rigg","doi":"10.1002/9781118786352.WBIEG0508.PUB2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.WBIEG0508.PUB2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373518,"journal":{"name":"International Encyclopedia of Geography","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121412163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.1002/9781118786352.WBIEG1145.PUB2
R. Nunes
This entry offers a historical perspective and is therefore principally rooted in a Western geopolitical context. It probes into what it means to practice regional planning, before proceeding with a reflection on its evolution as a form of planning practice. It points to key texts that have charted this transition, beginning with early writings by authors who helped initiate the process of internationalizing regional planning. It stresses, above all, the resilience of this “regional imperative” against paradigmatic shifts in regional planning doctrine – from its early advancement, through to its subsequent fall and rise and recent calls for its reconfiguration or transformation.
{"title":"Regional Planning: The Resilience of an Imperative","authors":"R. Nunes","doi":"10.1002/9781118786352.WBIEG1145.PUB2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.WBIEG1145.PUB2","url":null,"abstract":"This entry offers a historical perspective and is therefore principally rooted in a Western geopolitical context. It probes into what it means to practice regional planning, before proceeding with a reflection on its evolution as a form of planning practice. It points to key texts that have charted this transition, beginning with early writings by authors who helped initiate the process of internationalizing regional planning. It stresses, above all, the resilience of this “regional imperative” against paradigmatic shifts in regional planning doctrine – from its early advancement, through to its subsequent fall and rise and recent calls for its reconfiguration or transformation.","PeriodicalId":373518,"journal":{"name":"International Encyclopedia of Geography","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124945120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.4135/9781412952422.n118
M. Solem
{"title":"Geography Education: Research Frontiers and Priorities","authors":"M. Solem","doi":"10.4135/9781412952422.n118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412952422.n118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373518,"journal":{"name":"International Encyclopedia of Geography","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141222395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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