Child Health Nursing Research最新文献

Purpose: This study aimed to examine whether perceived parental alienation mediates the relationship between parental and adolescent depressive symptoms, and, if so, whether parents' subjective health moderates this indirect effect.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from the 2021 wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children, enrolling 541 parent-child dyads. Parental depression was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-6, a self-rated health item, the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, and a 6-item perceived alienation scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and variance inflation factor checks were conducted, followed by mediation and moderated mediation analyses using PROCESS Models 4 and 7 with 10,000 bootstraps in IBM SPSS ver. 27.0.

Results: Parental depression did not directly predict adolescent depression (B=.02, t=.87) but was significantly related to perceived alienation (B=.16, p<.001), which in turn predicted higher adolescent depression (B=.20, p<.001). The indirect effect of alienation was also significant (B=.039; 95% confidence interval, 0.005-0.066). Subjective health moderated the depression-alienation link (interaction B=.19, p<.001), with stronger indirect effects observed among parents with better health.

Conclusion: Parental depression symptoms indirectly increase adolescent depression through perceived alienation, particularly when parents viewed their health positively. These results suggest that interventions targeting parental mental health and fostering open-family communication may help reduce adolescent depression.

Purpose: Because fever is a common symptom in children, parents must have accurate knowledge and management ability about it to be able to provide appropriate management. This study aimed to develop a fever management education program, incorporating case-based simulation practice for parents of hospitalized children, and examine its effects on knowledge of fever in children, anxiety related to fever, and self-efficacy in child fever management.

Methods: A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was employed. A total of 50 parents participated, with 24 and 26 in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group received both theoretical lectures and case-based simulation practice, whereas the control group received only theoretical lectures.

Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups regarding knowledge of fever or anxiety related to fever immediately after the intervention or at the 4-week follow-up. However, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in self-efficacy in fever management from pre- to post-intervention.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that fever management education incorporating case-based simulation practice, in addition to theoretical instruction, could potentially enhance parents' confidence in managing childhood fever. Developing simulation-based educational interventions that enhance long-term effectiveness, can be feasibly integrated into hospital settings, and provide practical and accessible approaches is essential to support parents in effectively managing fever in real-life situations.

Purpose: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is prevalent among children and often requires family members to assume significant management responsibilities. Family management affects the child's disease prognosis and health as well as the family's functioning and overall quality of life. This integrative study aimed to identify the impact of AD on children and their families and examine child- and family-related factors that influence family management.

Methods: Guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), a systematic search was conducted across five electronic databases (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Web of Science, Research Information Sharing Service, and Korean Information Service System) for studies published between 2000 and May 2024. Studies were screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to evaluate methodological quality.

Results: In total, 1,144 records were identified, and 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that the impact of AD extends to both children, who experience psychological distress, sleep disturbances, impaired academic performance, and negative self-image, and families, who face treatment challenges, disrupted routines, and economic burden. Factors influencing family management were categorized into child-related factors (developmental stage and disease severity) and family-related factors (family burden, social support, coping strategies, and concerns regarding topical steroid use).

Conclusion: Family management of pediatric AD is shaped by a complex interplay of child- and family-related factors. Therefore, interventions should be designed to strengthen coping resources, enhance social support, and reduce the management burden, promoting child well-being and family resilience.

Purpose: To explore nurses' perceptions of end-of-life care in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units, focusing on the components, facilitators, and challenges of such care in daily practice.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected from June to October 2023 through semi-structured individual interviews with 17 nurses from the neonatal and pediatric intensive care units of four tertiary general hospitals in a metropolitan area of South Korea, and were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques.

Results: We identified three themes and nine subthemes: (1) supporting families' emotional and relational closure, (2) perceiving relational and systemic support as enabling end-of-life care, and (3) feeling constrained by systemic and practical challenges. Participants perceived fostering an emotional connection with the child, ensuring opportunities for meaningful farewell, and supporting emotional acceptance of death as ways to support families' emotional and relational closure with their child. Although relational and systemic support, such as collaborative teamwork, clear communication, shared planning, and structured tools, enabled compassionate care, participants also felt unprepared, burdened by heavy workloads, and hindered by environmental barriers.

Conclusion: The findings highlight that delivering quality end-of-life care in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units requires supporting families' emotional needs, strengthening relational and systemic support, and addressing practical challenges. Further research is needed to develop and test practical strategies (e.g., specialized education in compassionate communication, standardized protocols, and supportive care environments) that can improve the quality of end-of-life care for neonatal and pediatric patients and their families.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the in-depth perceptions of newborn care among North Korean refugee women through focus group interviews. This research aims to provide foundational data for developing newborn care education programs tailored for North Korean refugee women preparing for motherhood.

Methods: This qualitative study employed focus groups to investigate perceptions of neonatal care among North Korean refugee women of childbearing age (20-45 years old). Conducted from August to September 2022, the sessions included five non-pregnant women and four who were currently pregnant.

Results: Both pregnant and non-pregnant women expressed ambivalent feelings, characterized by a blend of expectation and fear regarding childrearing. Pregnant women articulated specific parenting strategies and viewed childrearing as a more tangible responsibility in light of physical changes and social isolation. In contrast, non-pregnant women expressed vague aversion and anxiety about the lack of information and support systems, stating that they could only endure childrearing with adequate external support. Notably, pregnant women emphasized the psychological conflict stemming from disrupted self-realization and shifts in their identities as mothers.

Conclusion: This study revealed differences in childrearing perceptions among North Korean refugee women based on their pregnancy status. It underscores the necessity for developing customized education programs that consider life stages and psychological readiness, as well as the importance of establishing social support systems.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of two distraction interventions-DistrACTION Cards and Buzzy-on pain relief in children undergoing intravenous infusions in the emergency department.

Methods: A quasi-randomized controlled trial was conducted in children aged 4-6 years receiving intravenous infusions in a single emergency department. Participants were assigned to the DistrACTION Cards group (n=31), Buzzy group (n=30), or control group (n=31). Pain was assessed using the pulse rate, Faces Pain Rating Scale, and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale.

Results: Both distraction interventions significantly reduced observed pain (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scores) compared to that in the control group. The DistrACTION Cards group showed significantly lower pain scores than the control group during the procedure (p<.05) and demonstrated a consistent trend of pain reduction across all phases. Self-reported pain scores (Faces Pain Rating Scale) after the procedure were significantly lower in both intervention groups compared to those in the control group (p <.05); however, no significant differences were found in the extent of change between groups. No significant group differences were observed in pulse rate.

Conclusion: Both DistrACTION Cards and Buzzy effectively reduced intravenous infusion-related pain in preschool children. DistrACTION Cards showed greater consistency than Buzzy in pain reduction as measured by the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale, suggesting they may be considered as a preferred option in clinical practice. Further research in diverse clinical settings is needed to confirm these findings.

Purpose: This pilot study aimed to develop a virtual reality (VR) nursing simulation for pediatric pneumonia care tailored to the Korean clinical context and evaluate its educational effectiveness for nursing students.

Methods: A single-group pretest-posttest design was employed with 20 senior nursing students from April to May 2025. The intervention was a 70-minute VR nursing simulation of pediatric pneumonia care, structured with pre-briefing, a main scenario, and debriefing. Data were collected on participants' knowledge of pediatric pneumonia, clinical judgment (Nursing Clinical Judgment Scale), and simulation effectiveness (Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified) before and after the intervention. Usability (User Experience Questionnaire) and qualitative feedback were collected after the intervention. Pre-post comparisons were performed using paired t-tests.

Results: The program did not yield a statistically significant change in knowledge scores (p=.893). However, there were significant improvements in the mean scores for clinical judgment (p<.001) and simulation effectiveness (p=.013). A qualitative analysis revealed that, while the participants found the experience immersive and realistic, they also reported operational difficulties, indicating the need for usability improvements.

Conclusion: The VR nursing simulation is a promising pedagogical tool for enhancing nursing students' clinical judgment and perceived learning effectiveness in a Korean pediatric context. The findings suggest that, while the intervention was effective in improving practical reasoning, future iterations should focus on reinforcing knowledge acquisition and optimizing user experience to maximize the educational impact.

Purpose: Simulation-based education plays a critical role in nursing by allowing students to acquire clinical competencies in a safe and controlled environment. However, current evaluation tools for simulation scenarios often lack standardization, resulting in inconsistencies when assessing the effectiveness of such programs.

Methods: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive Nursing Simulation Scenario Evaluation Tool using the Real-Time Delphi method. A panel of 10 experts in nursing and simulation education participated in two rounds of surveys. The evaluation criteria were derived from the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning Standards of Best Practice and relevant literature. Survey items were refined through expert consensus using content validity ratios and coefficient of variation values. The finalized tool was further enhanced with artificial intelligence (AI)-based evaluation capabilities to support objective and systematic assessment. The tool was registered and patented in the Republic of Korea (Korean Intellectual Property Office Registration No. 10-2024-0051234) to acknowledge its innovation and technical merit.

Results: The process resulted in an evaluation tool comprising eight key domains and 36 items, covering scenario structure, learning objectives, preparation, script development, debriefing, facilitation, expected outcomes, and scenario validity. A Kendall's coefficient of concordance of 0.739 indicated strong agreement among the experts.

Conclusion: This study successfully developed a standardized and validated tool to improve the reliability and effectiveness of simulation-based education in nursing. The tool addresses a key gap in current educational practices and enhances consistency in evaluating nursing simulation scenarios. Future studies should focus on validating its application across diverse educational environments.

Purpose: This descriptive study aimed to identify the factors affecting adolescents' emotional intelligence during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic.

Methods: We utilized the 4th-year data from the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, which comprise 1,852 adolescents living with both parents. The determinants of adolescents' emotional intelligence were analyzed through stepwise multiple regression, considering parental, family, and school factors.

Results: Parental factors, such as parents' grit and emotional intelligence, were found to enhance adolescents' emotional intelligence. Family factors, including parents' positive parenting attitude and the average time spent with parents, also significantly enhance adolescents' emotional intelligence. School factors, such as the number of remote class days during the previous semester, influenced adolescents' emotional intelligence.

Conclusion: Parental and family factors enhanced emotional intelligence, whereas school factors, particularly remote learning, negatively impacted it. The model explained 67.5% of variance, with parents' emotional intelligence being the strongest predictor. Interventions should prioritize enhancing parental emotional competence and maintaining meaningful parent-child interactions, especially during educational disruptions.