Journal of Daylighting最新文献

英文中文

A First Approach to a New Index on Indoor Lighting Comfort Based on Corneal Illuminance 基于角膜照度的室内照明舒适度新指标初探

Q2 Energy

Journal of Daylighting

Pub Date : 2019-11-28 DOI: 10.15627/jd.2019.12

F. Salata, Iacopo Golasi, A. Peña-García, Virgilio Ciancio, Z. Yousefi

In this study, the conditions of visual comfort were assessed in an indoor environment intended for students. For this reason, a transversal field survey was carried out in two libraries, one at the Sapienza University of Rome (Italy) and another at the University of Granada (Spain). During the analysis, measurement of lighting engineering variables such as horizontal illuminance, corneal illuminance, and luminance was carried out at the same time. The randomly selected individuals were asked to compile the structured questionnaires voluntarily at both sites. The first part of the questionnaire covered personal information, such as gender, age, eye color, etc. While the latter part evaluated the perception and visual preference of interviewees. In particular, we analyzed the visual perception on the basis of a five-point scale (-2÷+2), where positive and negative values identified visual comfort and discomfort, respectively. Each point was related to both related measured values of the lighting project variables and values of the personal data derived from the questionnaires. The subsequent statistical analysis (carried out through parameters and methodologies such as evaluation of the Variance Inflation Factor, Multicollinearity and Best Subsets Analysis) allowed the development of a new empirical index that is easy to apply, i.e., the Predictive Visual Comfort Index (PVCI). Some of the independent variables included horizontal illuminance, corneal illuminance, and age. In the design phase, once the other variables had been set, it was useful to determine the necessity of corneal illuminance to ensure visual comfort. The influence of each variable on the index and visual comfort was also quantified. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by solarlits.com. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

在这项研究中，视觉舒适的条件进行了评估的室内环境为学生。为此，在两个图书馆进行了横向实地调查，一个在罗马大学(意大利)，另一个在格拉纳达大学(西班牙)。在分析过程中，同时对水平照度、角膜照度、照度等照明工程变量进行了测量。随机选择的个人被要求在两个地点自愿编制结构化问卷。问卷的第一部分包括个人信息，如性别、年龄、眼睛颜色等。而后一部分则评估了受访者的感知和视觉偏好。特别是，我们在五分制(-2÷+2)的基础上分析了视觉感知，其中正值和负值分别表示视觉舒适和不舒服。每个点都与照明工程变量的相关测量值和从问卷中得出的个人数据值相关。随后的统计分析(通过参数和方法进行，如方差膨胀系数的评估、多重共线性和最佳子集分析)允许开发一个易于应用的新经验指数，即预测视觉舒适度指数(PVCI)。一些自变量包括水平照度、角膜照度和年龄。在设计阶段，一旦设置了其他变量，确定角膜照度以确保视觉舒适的必要性是有用的。并对各变量对指标和视觉舒适度的影响进行了量化。©2019作者。由solarlits.com出版。这是一篇基于CC BY许可(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)的开放获取文章。

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引用次数: 2

Automatic vs Manual Control Strategy for Window Blinds and Ceiling Lights: Consequences to Perceived Visual and Thermal Discomfort 百叶窗和吸顶灯的自动与手动控制策略：视觉和热不适的后果

Q2 Energy

Journal of Daylighting

Pub Date : 2019-11-19 DOI: 10.15627/jd.2019.11

N. Lolli, A. Nocente, J. Brozovsky, R. Woods, S. Grynning

A case study to evaluate the occupants' satisfaction in relation to two different control strategies (fully automatic and manual) for blind and ceiling lights use in cell offices was carried on in Trondheim, Norway. A group of 11 participants with varying age, gender, and ethnicity, used two test cells of a laboratory as a workspace primarily carrying out office tasks at a personal computer for a total of 19 calendar days. The participants were asked to answer a computer-based questionnaire for reporting their perceived thermal and visual comfort. Concurrently, measurements of the indoor operative temperature, illuminance level, and operation of windows, blinds, and ceiling lights were registered. Results shows that the use of the automatic control strategy led to a higher visual discomfort, which in addition led to a higher thermal discomfort, despite this last not caused by a higher average operative temperature. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by solarlits.com. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

在挪威特隆赫姆进行了一项案例研究，以评估居住者对两种不同控制策略（全自动和手动）的满意度，这两种控制策略用于牢房办公室的百叶窗和顶灯。一个由11名不同年龄、性别和种族的参与者组成的小组，使用实验室的两个测试单元作为工作空间，主要在个人电脑上执行办公室任务，总共19个日历日。参与者被要求回答一份基于计算机的问卷，以报告他们感知到的热舒适度和视觉舒适度。同时，对室内操作温度、照度水平以及窗户、百叶窗和顶灯的操作进行了测量。结果表明，自动控制策略的使用导致了更高的视觉不适，这也导致了更大的热不适，尽管这最后不是由更高的平均手术温度引起的。©2019作者。由solarlists.com发布。这是一篇基于CC by许可证的开放访问文章(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)。

引用次数: 7

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Perforated Façades for Daylighting and Solar Shading Performance: Effects of Matrix, Thickness and Separation Distance 穿孔立面采光遮阳性能的综合评价:基质、厚度和间距的影响

Q2 Energy

Journal of Daylighting

Pub Date : 2019-11-15 DOI: 10.15627/jd.2019.10

D. A. C. Pool

New design tools have enabled architects to explore complex geometries for building envelopes. Perforated Screens (PS) have gained popularity but their design is still intuitive, often focused on aesthetic and morphological criteria. Yet, there is a lack of guidelines or quantitative standards for designing optimal PS, in terms of their daylight provision, views outside, solar shading or energy performance. Since PS can greatly influence the interior conditions, it is essential to understand the effect of screen parameters, such as thickness, perforation percentage, separation distance, and others that are often manipulated by designers. This paper analyses the daylighting and shading performance of thick PS in office buildings. Five design parameters were simultaneously tested in terms of the annual daylight and solar irradiance contribution. Simulations were performed with DIVA-for-Grasshopper and the following metrics were accounted: useful daylight illuminance, actual daylight availability, and shading coefficients. Three orthogonal arrays allowed the selection of 64 PS configurations as representatives. The overall average of every metric was used as an approach to select all factors having a mean significantly different. The mean values were then established as ‘Preferable’ targets. Finally, design guidelines to plan thick PS used in front of South, East, and West glazed façades, in a Mediterranean climate, were proposed. The results highlighted the importance of selecting appropriate values for every design parameter to enhance the integrated performance of thick PS. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by solarlits.com. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

新的设计工具使建筑师能够探索建筑围护结构的复杂几何形状。穿孔屏风(PS)越来越受欢迎，但其设计仍然是直观的，通常侧重于美学和形态标准。然而，在日光供应、外部景观、遮阳或能源性能方面，缺乏设计最佳PS的指导方针或定量标准。由于PS可以极大地影响内部条件，因此有必要了解筛网参数的影响，例如厚度，穿孔百分比，分离距离以及设计师经常操纵的其他参数。本文分析了办公建筑中厚聚氯乙烯的采光和遮阳性能。根据年日光和太阳辐照度贡献，同时测试了五个设计参数。使用DIVA-for-Grasshopper进行模拟，并考虑以下指标:有用的日光照度，实际日光可用性和遮阳系数。三个正交阵列允许选择64个PS配置作为代表。使用每个指标的总体平均值作为选择所有平均值显著不同的因素的方法。然后将平均值确定为“优选”目标。最后，提出了在地中海气候条件下，在南、东、西玻璃立面前使用厚PS的设计指南。结果强调了为每个设计参数选择适当值以提高厚PS综合性能的重要性。©2019作者。由solarlits.com出版。这是一篇基于CC BY许可(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)的开放获取文章。

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引用次数: 5

A Review on Solar Concentrators with Multi-surface and Multi-element Combinations 多面多元素组合太阳能聚光器研究进展

Q2 Energy

Journal of Daylighting

Pub Date : 2019-10-09 DOI: 10.15627/jd.2019.9

Xinglong Ma, Hongfei Zheng, Shuli Liu

Solar concentrator always plays an important role in solar energy collection as it could enhance the energy density effectively. Various structures of solar concentrators have been researched in recent years, among which multi-surface (MS) and multi-element (ME) combinations are the two typical structures. MS concentrator is an improved structure for single surface concentrator. It is usually designed to increase the acceptance angle, enhance the light intercepting efficiency, homogenize the energy distribution, etc. ME concentrator is generally consist of two or more optical elements, in which MS concentrators are usually used as assistant optical components. ME concentrator always has larger tolerance on tracking error so that it is much easier to track the sun. It could be applied in high power concentration. The combination on optical elements of MS and ME solar concentrators was diagramed and theirs advantages and disadvantages were evaluated. Nowadays, solar applications are becoming more and more diverse and concomitantly, the researching methods are also improving. The computer-aided methods including numerical computation and optical simulation are the dominant method in nowadays, which makes it easier to analyze various structures of solar concentrators and their complex applications. Besides, solar applications are not limited in CT and CPV, but in many other fields such as solar daylighting, solar-pumped laser, solar cooling, solar desalination etc. It has been believed that more and more innovative designs on solar concentrator will be proposed in the future. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by solarlits.com. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

太阳能集中器在太阳能收集中一直发挥着重要作用，因为它可以有效地提高能量密度。近年来，人们对太阳能集中器的各种结构进行了研究，其中多表面（MS）和多元素（ME）组合是两种典型的结构。MS集中器是一种改进的单表面集中器结构。它通常被设计为增加接受角、提高截光效率、均匀能量分布等。ME集中器通常由两个或多个光学元件组成，其中MS集中器通常用作辅助光学元件。ME集中器总是对跟踪误差有更大的容差，因此更容易跟踪太阳。它可以应用于高功率集中。阐述了MS和ME太阳能集中器的光学元件组合，并对其优缺点进行了评价。如今，太阳能的应用越来越多样化，研究方法也在不断改进。包括数值计算和光学模拟在内的计算机辅助方法是当今的主流方法，这使得分析太阳能集中器的各种结构及其复杂应用变得更加容易。此外，太阳能的应用并不局限于CT和CPV，而是在许多其他领域，如太阳能采光、太阳能泵浦激光器、太阳能冷却、太阳能脱盐等。人们相信，未来将提出越来越多的太阳能集中器创新设计。©2019作者。由solarlists.com发布。这是一篇基于CC by许可证的开放访问文章(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)。

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引用次数: 10

Daylight Transport Systems for Buildings at High Latitudes 高纬度地区建筑物的日光传输系统

Q2 Energy

Journal of Daylighting

Pub Date : 2019-09-29 DOI: 10.15627/jd.2019.8

Biljana Obradovic, B. Matusiak

This paper is a literature study of daylight transport systems aiming at selecting the most appropriate ones for application at high latitudes. It is limited to the systems that transport light at a long distance from the façade and distribute it either in the building core or at a rear place in a room adjacent to the façade. The literature is spanning from the 80s’ to the present. It covers the theoretical background and development of the systems from their infancy, through technical development of the design elements and to the adaptation of the systems to different climatic conditions. Since the most literature comes from equatorial and tropical climate, a short contextualization with high latitudes climate is included. Findings are systematized and presented in tables for easier comparison of efficiency, visual comfort, design efficacy, maintenance need, cost and/or availability on the market, and energy-saving potential in different climates. Conclusions confirm that the daylight condition at the location is the main prerequisite when deciding on the type of collector while the building structure and room functionality are the basis for choosing the type of the transport element. Finally, the distribution element showed to be the key factor when discussing applicability in a functional space where the final success depends on human acceptance. This paper can be useful to get an overview of performance characteristics and application preferences of different daylight transport systems or just their components in daylight conditions at high latitudes. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by solarlits.com. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

本文对日光传输系统进行了文献研究，旨在选择最适合高纬度地区应用的日光传输系统。它被限制在系统传输光在很远的距离，并将其分布在建筑核心或在一个房间的后面的地方毗邻的街面。文学作品从80年代一直到现在。它涵盖了理论背景和系统的发展，从他们的婴儿期，通过设计元素的技术发展和系统适应不同的气候条件。由于大多数文献来自赤道和热带气候，因此包括了与高纬度气候的简短背景化。研究结果被系统化并以表格形式呈现，以便于比较效率、视觉舒适度、设计功效、维护需求、市场成本和/或可用性，以及不同气候条件下的节能潜力。结论证实，地点的日照条件是决定集热器类型的主要前提，而建筑结构和房间功能是选择运输元件类型的基础。最后，当讨论在功能空间中的适用性时，分布元素是关键因素，最终的成功取决于人类的接受程度。本文有助于了解不同日光传输系统或其组件在高纬度日光条件下的性能特征和应用偏好。©2019作者。由solarlits.com出版。这是一篇基于CC BY许可(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)的开放获取文章。

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引用次数: 23

Application of Micro-structured Sunlighting Systems in Different Climatic Zones 微结构太阳照明系统在不同气候区的应用

Q2 Energy

Journal of Daylighting

Pub Date : 2019-09-04 DOI: 10.15627/jd.2019.7

Helmut F. O. Mueller

引用次数: 8

The Effect of Sky View Factor on Air temperature in High-rise Urban Residential Environments 城市高层居住环境中天景因子对气温的影响

Q2 Energy

Journal of Daylighting

Pub Date : 2019-08-30 DOI: 10.15627/jd.2019.6

Golnar Baghaeipoor, N. Nasrollahi

Urban geometry is defined by the height, length, width, and distance of buildings, which affect the urban environment and its microclimate, especially a high-rise and high-density urban environment, such as Tehran. In this regard, the Sky View Factor (SVF) may often be a desirable criterion in identifying the interaction between urban geometry and the air temperature in densely populated areas. The research aim was to investigate the SVF in an urban microclimate of a high-rise residential complex and to evaluate its effect on air temperature. To do so, a case study of the Atisaz in Tehran as a high-rise urban residential complex was selected as the fundamental study model of this research. The selected configuration was simulated and analyzed using the ENVI-met model. In addition, the effects of the SVF value on air temperature are discussed throughout this paper. SPSS software was used to correlate, analyze, and construct an accurate relationship between air temperature and SVF during the hottest and coldest days of the year. The obtained results showed that there is a direct relation between SVF and air temperature during the day as well as an inverse relation at night. Furthermore, there was a small difference in air temperature for dense and semi-dense spaces in the high-rise residential complex. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by solarlits.com. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

城市几何是由建筑物的高度、长度、宽度和距离定义的，这些因素影响城市环境及其小气候，尤其是高层和高密度的城市环境，如德黑兰。在这方面，在识别人口稠密地区的城市几何形状和空气温度之间的相互作用时，Sky View Factor（SVF）通常是一个理想的标准。研究目的是调查高层住宅小区城市小气候中的SVF，并评估其对气温的影响。为此，选择德黑兰Atisaz作为高层城市住宅综合体的案例研究作为本研究的基本研究模型。使用ENVI met模型对所选配置进行了模拟和分析。此外，本文还讨论了SVF值对空气温度的影响。SPSS软件用于关联、分析和构建一年中最热和最冷日子的气温和SVF之间的准确关系。结果表明，SVF与白天气温有直接关系，与夜间气温有反关系。此外，高层住宅小区中密集空间和半密集空间的气温差异较小。©2019作者。由solarlists.com发布。这是一篇基于CC by许可证的开放访问文章(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)。

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引用次数: 6

Cover to volume 6, issue 1 第6卷第1期封面

Q2 Energy

Journal of Daylighting

Pub Date : 2019-06-20 DOI: 10.15627/jd.2019.0

引用次数: 0

Table of contents to volume 6, issue 1 第6卷第1期目录

Q2 Energy

Journal of Daylighting

Pub Date : 2019-06-20 DOI: 10.15627/jd.2019.4

引用次数: 0

Experimental Investigation of Overall Energy Performance in Algerian Office Building Integrated Photovoltaic Window under Semi-Arid Climate 半干旱气候条件下阿尔及利亚办公建筑一体化光伏窗整体节能性能实验研究

Q2 Energy

Journal of Daylighting

Pub Date : 2019-06-09 DOI: 10.15627/JD.2019.3

Mesloub Abdelhakim, M. Z. Kandar, Y. Lim

Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) energy has now become one of the most significant renewable energy alternatives for providing natural daylight and clean energy. As such, this study was conducted for the first time in Algeria to experimentally evaluate the BIPV window energy and lighting energy savings of a typical office building under the semi-arid climate condition. Apart from using the Energy Plus and Integrated Environment Solution-Virtual environment (IES-VE) energy simulation tools in the experimental validation, the daylighting control method and the dynamic Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) were also utilized to analyse the daylighting performance as well as the lighting energy of BIPV windows with different transparency levels at various cardinal orientations. The field measurements had revealed the overall energy model to be consistent and in good agreement with the EnergyPlus and the IESVE simulation models, where the tested PV module was found to have provided not only a 20% Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) of uniformed daylight with low illuminance level, but also thermal comfort and a considerable amount of clean energy. The simulated results had demonstrated a substantial improvement in cooling energy and glare reduction of the PV modules as compared to the basemodel, where the only BIPV window configuration was achieved good area of UDI 300-700 lux is facing the South orientation and 30% VLT. In conclusion, the application of the thin film BIPV windows with different transparency and orientation levels can thus be regarded as an effective solution for minimizing the lighting energy consumption through its energy production instead of daylighting utilization. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by solarlits.com. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

建筑一体化光伏（BIPV）能源现已成为提供自然光和清洁能源的最重要的可再生能源替代品之一。因此，这项研究首次在阿尔及利亚进行，以实验评估半干旱气候条件下典型办公楼的BIPV窗户节能和照明节能。除了在实验验证中使用Energy Plus和集成环境解决方案虚拟环境（IES-VE）能量模拟工具外，还利用采光控制方法和动态有用日光照度（UDI）分析了不同透明度水平的BIPV窗户在不同基本方向上的采光性能和光能。现场测量表明，总体能源模型与EnergyPlus和IESVE模拟模型一致，并且非常一致，其中测试的光伏组件不仅提供了低照度均匀日光的20%可见光透射率（VLT），而且还提供了热舒适性和大量清洁能源。模拟结果表明，与基础模型相比，光伏组件的冷却能和眩光减少有了显著改善，其中实现了唯一的BIPV窗口配置，UDI 300-700 lux的良好区域面向南方和30%的VLT。总之，具有不同透明度和取向水平的薄膜BIPV窗户的应用可以被视为通过其能源生产而不是采光利用来最大限度地减少照明能耗的有效解决方案。©2019作者。由solarlists.com发布。这是一篇基于CC by许可证的开放访问文章(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)。

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