E. Sokhadze, L. Sears, A. Tasman, Emily L. Casanova, M. Casanova
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders. Although the comorbidity was excluded in DSM-IV (APA, 2000), DSM-5 (APA, 2013) does not preclude the concurrent diagnosis of ASD and ADHD (ASD+ADHD). This study aimed to understand distinctions in executive deficits among these conditions. We used analysis of reaction time (RT) and event-related potentials (ERP) during performance on oddball task with illusory figures. Participants were children (N = 18 per group) with ASD, ADHD, ASD+ADHD, and neurotypical controls (CNT). Analysis revealed that ASD and ASD+ADHD groups committed more errors and had higher omission error rates. Post-error RT in ASD and ASD+ADHD manifested as a post-error response speeding rather than normative RT slowing. The ASD and ASD+ADHD demonstrated an attenuated error-related negativity (ERN) as compared to ADHD and controls. The frontal N100 was enhanced to both target and nontarget figures in ASD and ASD+ADHD groups. Frontal ERPs had prolonged latencies in the ADHD as compared to other groups. The study confirmed the utility of using ERP to elucidate differences between ASD and ADHD and their impact in dual diagnosis. This information helps define the extent of overlap among these conditions both in terms of symptom expression and underlying neuropathology.
{"title":"Comparative Event-related Potential Study of Performance in Visual Oddball Task in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, comorbid Autism and ADHD, and Neurotypical Children","authors":"E. Sokhadze, L. Sears, A. Tasman, Emily L. Casanova, M. Casanova","doi":"10.15540/nr.6.3.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.6.3.134","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders. Although the comorbidity was excluded in DSM-IV (APA, 2000), DSM-5 (APA, 2013) does not preclude the concurrent diagnosis of ASD and ADHD (ASD+ADHD). This study aimed to understand distinctions in executive deficits among these conditions. We used analysis of reaction time (RT) and event-related potentials (ERP) during performance on oddball task with illusory figures. Participants were children (N = 18 per group) with ASD, ADHD, ASD+ADHD, and neurotypical controls (CNT). Analysis revealed that ASD and ASD+ADHD groups committed more errors and had higher omission error rates. Post-error RT in ASD and ASD+ADHD manifested as a post-error response speeding rather than normative RT slowing. The ASD and ASD+ADHD demonstrated an attenuated error-related negativity (ERN) as compared to ADHD and controls. The frontal N100 was enhanced to both target and nontarget figures in ASD and ASD+ADHD groups. Frontal ERPs had prolonged latencies in the ADHD as compared to other groups. The study confirmed the utility of using ERP to elucidate differences between ASD and ADHD and their impact in dual diagnosis. This information helps define the extent of overlap among these conditions both in terms of symptom expression and underlying neuropathology.","PeriodicalId":37439,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRegulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43636584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Peper, Weston Pollock, Richard Harvey, Aiko Yoshino, J. Daubenmier, Madhu Anziani
Disruptive thoughts interfere with concentration and performances. This report compares mindfulness practice (MP) with toning practice (TP) to reduce mind wandering and intrusive thoughts. Ninety-one undergraduate students (average age 22.4 years) began with either an MP or TP for 3 min. Respiration, blood volume pulse, and heart rate were monitored for 11 participants. The participants reported less mind wandering during TP ( M = 3.7) than during MP ( M = 6.5; p < .001), fewer intrusive thoughts during TP ( M = 3.2) than during MP ( M = 4.7; p < .001), and more body vibrations during TP ( M = 6.2) than during MP ( M = 2.3; p < .001) on a scale from 0 ( not at all ) to 10 ( all the time ). For participants with the highest self-reported rating of depression, TP was more effective in reducing mind wandering and intrusive thoughts than the MP ( p < .001). There was no difference in self-reports in peacefulness, warmth, relaxation, anxiety, and depression between TP and MP. There was a decrease in respiration rate during TP (4.6 br/min) as compared to MP (11.6 br/min; p < .001) and an increase in heart rate variability during TP (SDNN = 103.7 ms; SD = 11.6) as compared to MP (SDNN = 61.9 ms; SD = 6.4). The findings suggest that TP is a powerful strategy to reduce mind wandering and intrusive thoughts.
{"title":"Which Quiets the Mind More Quickly and Increases HRV: Toning or Mindfulness?","authors":"E. Peper, Weston Pollock, Richard Harvey, Aiko Yoshino, J. Daubenmier, Madhu Anziani","doi":"10.15540/nr.6.3.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.6.3.128","url":null,"abstract":"Disruptive thoughts interfere with concentration and performances. This report compares mindfulness practice (MP) with toning practice (TP) to reduce mind wandering and intrusive thoughts. Ninety-one undergraduate students (average age 22.4 years) began with either an MP or TP for 3 min. Respiration, blood volume pulse, and heart rate were monitored for 11 participants. The participants reported less mind wandering during TP ( M = 3.7) than during MP ( M = 6.5; p < .001), fewer intrusive thoughts during TP ( M = 3.2) than during MP ( M = 4.7; p < .001), and more body vibrations during TP ( M = 6.2) than during MP ( M = 2.3; p < .001) on a scale from 0 ( not at all ) to 10 ( all the time ). For participants with the highest self-reported rating of depression, TP was more effective in reducing mind wandering and intrusive thoughts than the MP ( p < .001). There was no difference in self-reports in peacefulness, warmth, relaxation, anxiety, and depression between TP and MP. There was a decrease in respiration rate during TP (4.6 br/min) as compared to MP (11.6 br/min; p < .001) and an increase in heart rate variability during TP (SDNN = 103.7 ms; SD = 11.6) as compared to MP (SDNN = 61.9 ms; SD = 6.4). The findings suggest that TP is a powerful strategy to reduce mind wandering and intrusive thoughts.","PeriodicalId":37439,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRegulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43126399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article suggests that clinicians as well as educators should employ simple and quick posture comparison techniques to shift awareness, elevate mood, and support cognitive function. The report examines the impact of a short somatic involvement technique that involved changing one’s body posture to reduce the effect of self-evoked memory of stress. Group observations of 90 men and 55 women, mean age 22.5 years, suggest that people were able to reframe stressful memories much more easily when in an upright posture compared to a slouched posture. They reported a significant reduction in negative thoughts as determined by a single factor ANOVA, F (1, 285) = 42.92, p = .001; and anxiety and tension as determined by a single factor ANOVA, F (1, 287) = 62.38, p = .001. We suggest that therapists and clients get up out of their chairs and incorporate body movements when either the therapist or the client feels stuck, in order to reduce rigidity and increase openness of thoughts and emotions facilitated, which may increase educational and therapeutic goals with sustained benefits outside of the classroom or clinic.
{"title":"Transforming Thoughts with Postural Awareness to Increase Therapeutic and Teaching Efficacy","authors":"E. Peper, Richard Harvey, D. Hamiel","doi":"10.15540/nr.6.3.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.6.3.153","url":null,"abstract":"This article suggests that clinicians as well as educators should employ simple and quick posture comparison techniques to shift awareness, elevate mood, and support cognitive function. The report examines the impact of a short somatic involvement technique that involved changing one’s body posture to reduce the effect of self-evoked memory of stress. Group observations of 90 men and 55 women, mean age 22.5 years, suggest that people were able to reframe stressful memories much more easily when in an upright posture compared to a slouched posture. They reported a significant reduction in negative thoughts as determined by a single factor ANOVA, F (1, 285) = 42.92, p = .001; and anxiety and tension as determined by a single factor ANOVA, F (1, 287) = 62.38, p = .001. We suggest that therapists and clients get up out of their chairs and incorporate body movements when either the therapist or the client feels stuck, in order to reduce rigidity and increase openness of thoughts and emotions facilitated, which may increase educational and therapeutic goals with sustained benefits outside of the classroom or clinic.","PeriodicalId":37439,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRegulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42960644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial - Volume 6, Number 3","authors":"Rex L. Cannon","doi":"10.15540/nr.6.3.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.6.3.127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37439,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRegulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49195068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the interest in neurocognitive empowerment has increased, thus making it a hot topic, especially because of possible ethical implications. Specifically, the term neurocognitive empowerment refers to the use of different neuroscientific techniques and tools that increase the cognitive functioning of the individual beyond the normal threshold—on the one hand, improving functions such as attention, perception, and memory—and, on the other hand, physical and motor functions. Neuroethics is peculiarly interested in monitoring and discussing ethical implications and possible consequences or undesirable effects of neurocognitive strengthening techniques. In particular, the use of different tools for neurocognitive enhancement requires an in-depth analysis of the ethical and legal principles in terms of security and social justice that allow the improvement of mental and physical functions of an individual. The present work aims at introducing the use of specific techniques—such as neurofeedback devices for the enhancement of attention regulation skill—in specific application contexts; that is, sports in which athletes are continuously subjected to external pressures for performance and constant improvement. Furthermore, this document explores possible ethical critical issues raised by such use of neurocognitive enhancement techniques.
{"title":"Neurocognitive Enhancement: Applications and Ethical Issues","authors":"Giulia Fronda, D. Crivelli, M. Balconi","doi":"10.15540/nr.6.3.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.6.3.161","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the interest in neurocognitive empowerment has increased, thus making it a hot topic, especially because of possible ethical implications. Specifically, the term neurocognitive empowerment refers to the use of different neuroscientific techniques and tools that increase the cognitive functioning of the individual beyond the normal threshold—on the one hand, improving functions such as attention, perception, and memory—and, on the other hand, physical and motor functions. Neuroethics is peculiarly interested in monitoring and discussing ethical implications and possible consequences or undesirable effects of neurocognitive strengthening techniques. In particular, the use of different tools for neurocognitive enhancement requires an in-depth analysis of the ethical and legal principles in terms of security and social justice that allow the improvement of mental and physical functions of an individual. The present work aims at introducing the use of specific techniques—such as neurofeedback devices for the enhancement of attention regulation skill—in specific application contexts; that is, sports in which athletes are continuously subjected to external pressures for performance and constant improvement. Furthermore, this document explores possible ethical critical issues raised by such use of neurocognitive enhancement techniques.","PeriodicalId":37439,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRegulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48628550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lam, H. Kao, Xiaoyang Kao, Miranda Fung, T. Kao
Introduction. Previous research shows that brush Chinese calligraphy handwriting (CCH) improves one’s cognitive functions as well as emotional and mental health. Similarly, Guqin, the popular Chinese musical instrument, induces positive emotions and emotional stability. The present study tested the efficacy of using the index finger to achieve similar mind–body changes. Methods. We employed a heart rate variability (HRV) Calligraphy–Guqin biofeedback intervention that was implemented with a Zephyr HxM Bluetooth chest heart rate monitoring device and an Android smartphone. A web-based HRV big database app stored the data from three consecutive sessions: (1) 5 min of Guqin music listening; (2) 5 min of CCH finger writing of calligraphy; and (3) again 5 min of Guqin music listening. The second session was designed to explore additive effects of the fingerwriting task. One subject participated with the index finger employed for the writing task. Results. The results showed that the first and third Guqin sessions elicited 55% and 68% HRV coherences, respectively, while the CCH finger writing in the second session elicited 31% of high HRV coherence. The increase in HRV coherence between the two Guqin sessions was attributed to the calligraphy finger writing training effect. The practice of finger writing contributed to increased HRV regulation through heightened attention and concentration.
{"title":"HRV Regulation by Calligraphic Finger-writing and Guqin Music: A Pilot Case Study","authors":"S. Lam, H. Kao, Xiaoyang Kao, Miranda Fung, T. Kao","doi":"10.15540/nr.6.1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.6.1.42","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Previous research shows that brush Chinese calligraphy handwriting (CCH) improves one’s cognitive functions as well as emotional and mental health. Similarly, Guqin, the popular Chinese musical instrument, induces positive emotions and emotional stability. The present study tested the efficacy of using the index finger to achieve similar mind–body changes. Methods. We employed a heart rate variability (HRV) Calligraphy–Guqin biofeedback intervention that was implemented with a Zephyr HxM Bluetooth chest heart rate monitoring device and an Android smartphone. A web-based HRV big database app stored the data from three consecutive sessions: (1) 5 min of Guqin music listening; (2) 5 min of CCH finger writing of calligraphy; and (3) again 5 min of Guqin music listening. The second session was designed to explore additive effects of the fingerwriting task. One subject participated with the index finger employed for the writing task. Results. The results showed that the first and third Guqin sessions elicited 55% and 68% HRV coherences, respectively, while the CCH finger writing in the second session elicited 31% of high HRV coherence. The increase in HRV coherence between the two Guqin sessions was attributed to the calligraphy finger writing training effect. The practice of finger writing contributed to increased HRV regulation through heightened attention and concentration.","PeriodicalId":37439,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRegulation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41374459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial – Volume 6, Number 1","authors":"Rex L. Cannon","doi":"10.15540/nr.6.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.6.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37439,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRegulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44327038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To examine whether it was possible to improve short-term memory performance of healthy participants by increasing relative alpha band power (7–11.5 Hz) using neurofeedback, we first converted a commercial EEG device (EmotivEpoc) to a neurofeedback tool and collected data from 11 healthy Turkish male graduate students in five neurofeedback sessions. Before and after neurofeedback training, a memorization task using 10 English words and their Turkish meanings was applied to all participants. The results indicated that 6 out of 11 participants were able to enhance their relative alpha band power with respect to other bands in the frequency spectrum during neurofeedback sessions. Although there was no obvious improvement in their short-term memory performance, we may conclude that neurofeedback training was beneficial for the participants to focus their minds consciously. However, it is not easy to mention that neurofeedback training certainly improved or was irrelevant with short-term memory performance. This study is important in the sense that for such a focused group the use of a commercial, customized low-cost EEG device was shown to be feasible for neurofeedback training sessions.
{"title":"Improving Short-Term Memory Performance of Healthy Young Males Using Alpha Band Neurofeedback","authors":"Barış Gökşin, Bülent Yilmaz, Kutay Içöz","doi":"10.15540/nr.6.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.6.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"To examine whether it was possible to improve short-term memory performance of healthy participants by increasing relative alpha band power (7–11.5 Hz) using neurofeedback, we first converted a commercial EEG device (EmotivEpoc) to a neurofeedback tool and collected data from 11 healthy Turkish male graduate students in five neurofeedback sessions. Before and after neurofeedback training, a memorization task using 10 English words and their Turkish meanings was applied to all participants. The results indicated that 6 out of 11 participants were able to enhance their relative alpha band power with respect to other bands in the frequency spectrum during neurofeedback sessions. Although there was no obvious improvement in their short-term memory performance, we may conclude that neurofeedback training was beneficial for the participants to focus their minds consciously. However, it is not easy to mention that neurofeedback training certainly improved or was irrelevant with short-term memory performance. This study is important in the sense that for such a focused group the use of a commercial, customized low-cost EEG device was shown to be feasible for neurofeedback training sessions.","PeriodicalId":37439,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRegulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44146793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Dobrushina, Z. Gadzhieva, S. Morozova, E. Kremneva, M. Krotenkova, L. Dobrynina
Introduction: Development of individualized neuromodulation techniques for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a feasible practical goal. Preliminary research exploring the brain-level compensatory reserves on the base of neuroimaging is necessary. Methods: Twenty-one older adults, representing a continuum from healthy norm to MCI, underwent functional MRI while performing two executive tasks—a modified Stroop task and selective counting. A functional activation and connectivity analysis were conducted with the inclusion of a BRIEF–MoCA covariate. This variable represented the difference between the real-life performance measured by Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the level of cognitive deficit measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Scale, an ability to compensate for impairment. Results: Both tasks were associated with activation of areas within the frontoparietal control network, along with the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the pre-SMA, the lateral premotor cortex, and the cerebellum. A widespread increase in the connectivity of the pre-SMA was observed during the tasks. The BRIEF–MoCA value correlated, first, with connectivity of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC) and, second, with enrollment of the occipital cortex during the counting task. Conclusion: The developed neuroimaging technique allows identification of the functionally salient target within the LDLPFC in patients with MCI.
{"title":"The Compensatory Role of the Frontal Cortex in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Identifying the Target for Neuromodulation","authors":"O. Dobrushina, Z. Gadzhieva, S. Morozova, E. Kremneva, M. Krotenkova, L. Dobrynina","doi":"10.15540/nr.6.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.6.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Development of individualized neuromodulation techniques for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a feasible practical goal. Preliminary research exploring the brain-level compensatory reserves on the base of neuroimaging is necessary. Methods: Twenty-one older adults, representing a continuum from healthy norm to MCI, underwent functional MRI while performing two executive tasks—a modified Stroop task and selective counting. A functional activation and connectivity analysis were conducted with the inclusion of a BRIEF–MoCA covariate. This variable represented the difference between the real-life performance measured by Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the level of cognitive deficit measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Scale, an ability to compensate for impairment. Results: Both tasks were associated with activation of areas within the frontoparietal control network, along with the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the pre-SMA, the lateral premotor cortex, and the cerebellum. A widespread increase in the connectivity of the pre-SMA was observed during the tasks. The BRIEF–MoCA value correlated, first, with connectivity of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC) and, second, with enrollment of the occipital cortex during the counting task. Conclusion: The developed neuroimaging technique allows identification of the functionally salient target within the LDLPFC in patients with MCI.","PeriodicalId":37439,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRegulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43721929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren D. S. Kelley, W. Strunk, Rex L. Cannon, J. Leighton
Introduction : Intrauterine drug exposure (IUDE) including neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a group of problems that occur in a newborn exposed to drugs in the womb. Currently, there is no consensus on diagnostic criteria for addressing the cluster of problems present in children suffering from IUDE. The current data sought to examine differences between IUDE and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) clients to elucidate specific differences between these groups in the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT-3/K-CPT) and EEG source localization data using standardized low-resolution electromagnetic brain tomography (sLORETA). Methods : This study utilizes archived data from two groups 14 IUDE and 9 clients with standing diagnosis of ADHD between the ages of 4 and 13 without the presence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). All clients completed a standard protocol to assess functional domains, including diagnostic interview, review of records, and tests of attention, executive functions, and psychological status. IUDE clients at time of initial assessment were taking one or more medications. ADHD clients consisted of medicated and unmedicated individuals. Results : Significant differences were found between resting-state baseline sLORETA parameters in temporal, limbic, and precuneus regions. Conclusions : IUDE presents a growing problem in the United States due to current opioid problems, and it is imperative to accurately classify these children according to this specific set of problems. sLORETA assessment may be useful as one marker of IUDE. Directions for future treatment paradigms are discussed as well as potential applications of neurofeedback and learning.
{"title":"EEG Source Localization and Attention Differences Between Children Exposed to Drugs in Utero and Those with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study","authors":"Lauren D. S. Kelley, W. Strunk, Rex L. Cannon, J. Leighton","doi":"10.15540/nr.6.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.6.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Intrauterine drug exposure (IUDE) including neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a group of problems that occur in a newborn exposed to drugs in the womb. Currently, there is no consensus on diagnostic criteria for addressing the cluster of problems present in children suffering from IUDE. The current data sought to examine differences between IUDE and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) clients to elucidate specific differences between these groups in the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT-3/K-CPT) and EEG source localization data using standardized low-resolution electromagnetic brain tomography (sLORETA). Methods : This study utilizes archived data from two groups 14 IUDE and 9 clients with standing diagnosis of ADHD between the ages of 4 and 13 without the presence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). All clients completed a standard protocol to assess functional domains, including diagnostic interview, review of records, and tests of attention, executive functions, and psychological status. IUDE clients at time of initial assessment were taking one or more medications. ADHD clients consisted of medicated and unmedicated individuals. Results : Significant differences were found between resting-state baseline sLORETA parameters in temporal, limbic, and precuneus regions. Conclusions : IUDE presents a growing problem in the United States due to current opioid problems, and it is imperative to accurately classify these children according to this specific set of problems. sLORETA assessment may be useful as one marker of IUDE. Directions for future treatment paradigms are discussed as well as potential applications of neurofeedback and learning.","PeriodicalId":37439,"journal":{"name":"NeuroRegulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48396750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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