Abstract:After nearly twenty years of occupation and reconstruction, Afghanistan lacks a modern state. The dominant discourse absolves failures in the neoliberal approach to nation-building attributing Afghanistan's weak state to its inherent tribalism, a culture of corruption, and a historical absence of modern state institutions. Contrary to the dominant discourse, this paper provides a history of Afghan state formation and political modernization in the twentieth century. Afghanistan's modernization was internally contested, but by the 1970s the country had the features of a modern, secular state. It has been foreign intervention over the last forty years, in support of anti-modern, reactionary forces, that unmade the modern Afghan state. The neoliberal approach post-9/11, adopting the language of good governance and capacity-building, has made Afghanistan perpetually dependent on foreign assistance, rendering it a phantom state while erasing its history and undermining the political and institutional structures for a united, independent, and peaceful Afghanistan.
{"title":"Afghanistan: The Making and Unmaking of a Modern State","authors":"Jawied Nawabi, Peter Kolozi","doi":"10.1353/gss.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:After nearly twenty years of occupation and reconstruction, Afghanistan lacks a modern state. The dominant discourse absolves failures in the neoliberal approach to nation-building attributing Afghanistan's weak state to its inherent tribalism, a culture of corruption, and a historical absence of modern state institutions. Contrary to the dominant discourse, this paper provides a history of Afghan state formation and political modernization in the twentieth century. Afghanistan's modernization was internally contested, but by the 1970s the country had the features of a modern, secular state. It has been foreign intervention over the last forty years, in support of anti-modern, reactionary forces, that unmade the modern Afghan state. The neoliberal approach post-9/11, adopting the language of good governance and capacity-building, has made Afghanistan perpetually dependent on foreign assistance, rendering it a phantom state while erasing its history and undermining the political and institutional structures for a united, independent, and peaceful Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"1 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47915005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"No Friend but the Mountains: Writing from Manus Prison by Behrouz Boochani (review)","authors":"Marja Karelia","doi":"10.1353/gss.2022.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2022.0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"243 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46938290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Rapid urbanization and population growth in the cities of Vietnam in recent decades have put tremendous pressure on urban housing development, especially in major cities like Hanoi and Hai Duong City. To meet the basic housing demands of the public, the city authorities have implemented several policies to increase the housing supply. However, it is difficult to meet all the housing needs and to improve housing quality for the urban poor and the lower-income people. As the state's financial sources for upgrading urban housing projects targeted at the low-income communities are very limited, community participation in terms of self-solving housing issues is highly needed. Therefore, this paper aims to study the mechanism of the community participation process to improve urban housing quality for low-income groups. Through two case studies selected from Hanoi and Hai Duong as a large city and medium-size city, respectively, in the same region, the paper explores the characteristics of community participation and the capacity of the community, the mechanism of collaboration among the stakeholders, and the obstacles to overcome in the implementation process. The paper also proposes a number of solutions regarding changes in policies, including mechanisms to support low-income earners in housing improvement and strengthening the role of local authorities and consultant experts in supporting and promoting community participation toward sustainable development.
{"title":"Community Participation in Urban Housing Improvement for Low-Income People in Vietnam's Inner Cities: Case Studies from Hanoi and Hai Duong City","authors":"T. Q. Hoa","doi":"10.1353/gss.2022.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2022.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Rapid urbanization and population growth in the cities of Vietnam in recent decades have put tremendous pressure on urban housing development, especially in major cities like Hanoi and Hai Duong City. To meet the basic housing demands of the public, the city authorities have implemented several policies to increase the housing supply. However, it is difficult to meet all the housing needs and to improve housing quality for the urban poor and the lower-income people. As the state's financial sources for upgrading urban housing projects targeted at the low-income communities are very limited, community participation in terms of self-solving housing issues is highly needed. Therefore, this paper aims to study the mechanism of the community participation process to improve urban housing quality for low-income groups. Through two case studies selected from Hanoi and Hai Duong as a large city and medium-size city, respectively, in the same region, the paper explores the characteristics of community participation and the capacity of the community, the mechanism of collaboration among the stakeholders, and the obstacles to overcome in the implementation process. The paper also proposes a number of solutions regarding changes in policies, including mechanisms to support low-income earners in housing improvement and strengthening the role of local authorities and consultant experts in supporting and promoting community participation toward sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"183 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41949909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Message from the Editor: Renewing Our Faith in Global South Studies","authors":"Ryan J. Alexander","doi":"10.1353/gss.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"ix - xiv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41731629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beatriz Allende: A Revolutionary Life in Cold War Latin America by Tanya Harmer (review)","authors":"J. Mcsherry","doi":"10.1353/gss.2022.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2022.0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"234 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49511771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Events in the Kashmir Valley during the late 1980s changed the demographic and sociopolitical outlook of the region. The armed insurgency that was primarily being carried out by the members of the majority-Muslim community saw organized attacks on the religious minorities of the valley, especially the Kashmiri Hindus (Pandits), resulting in their mass exodus from the valley. Other religious minorities, such as Sikhs and Christians, decided to stay in the valley. With much less research on the issues of minorities (except Pandits) in the Kashmir Valley as compared to other conflict-affected parts of the globe, we conducted a study to explore the issues of Sikhs as a minority group to seek answers to questions about the sense of alienation and neglect among the Sikhs living in the Kashmir Valley. In the process, we also inquired how Sikhs feel about the state's response to various challenges they faced and how to ensure their integration in Kashmiri society. Drawing on an original survey conducted in the Kashmir Valley and from analyzing secondary data, we establish that the Sikhs have tried to maintain good relations with Muslims, whereas the state's failure to address their issues has brought a sense of dejection among them. We also find that the conflict has affected Sikhs both socially and economically. The study concludes by providing a few recommendations that may be useful for policy makers to improve the situation of Sikhs in Kashmir.
{"title":"Conflict and Religious Minorities: The Case of Sikhs in Kashmir","authors":"W. Amin, A. Singh","doi":"10.1353/gss.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Events in the Kashmir Valley during the late 1980s changed the demographic and sociopolitical outlook of the region. The armed insurgency that was primarily being carried out by the members of the majority-Muslim community saw organized attacks on the religious minorities of the valley, especially the Kashmiri Hindus (Pandits), resulting in their mass exodus from the valley. Other religious minorities, such as Sikhs and Christians, decided to stay in the valley. With much less research on the issues of minorities (except Pandits) in the Kashmir Valley as compared to other conflict-affected parts of the globe, we conducted a study to explore the issues of Sikhs as a minority group to seek answers to questions about the sense of alienation and neglect among the Sikhs living in the Kashmir Valley. In the process, we also inquired how Sikhs feel about the state's response to various challenges they faced and how to ensure their integration in Kashmiri society. Drawing on an original survey conducted in the Kashmir Valley and from analyzing secondary data, we establish that the Sikhs have tried to maintain good relations with Muslims, whereas the state's failure to address their issues has brought a sense of dejection among them. We also find that the conflict has affected Sikhs both socially and economically. The study concludes by providing a few recommendations that may be useful for policy makers to improve the situation of Sikhs in Kashmir.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"57 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48289765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Science, Policy, and Development in Africa: Challenges and Prospects by R. Sooryamoorthy (review)","authors":"Cathy Skidmore-Hess","doi":"10.1353/gss.2022.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2022.0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"226 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45439079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Amakomiti: Grassroots Democracy in South African Shack Settlements by Trevor Ngwane (review)","authors":"M. W. Muiu","doi":"10.1353/gss.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"222 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48419286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aleppo: A History by Ross Burns (review)","authors":"Jason R. Tatlock","doi":"10.1353/gss.2022.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2022.0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"245 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48632333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This paper focuses on the nexus between geopolitics and renewable energy in Eastern Africa. It sets out to explore the potential geopolitical implications of the transition to renewable energy in the region. The authors observe that there is increasing attention to renewable energy sources (wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, etc.) in the region with potential social, political and economic impacts. Existing literature on the region has focused on the relationship between energy and conflict as well as challenges in accessing energy. However, there is a gap in the literature, theory, and systematic framework with regard to the implications of renewable energy transition for the geopolitics in the region. The authors analyze existing academic publications, government reports, and other relevant publications to draw the relationship between geopolitics and renewable energy transition in the region. The study concludes that the geopolitical benefits of renewable energy in the region far outweigh the risks, and recommends increased adoption of renewable energy given the region's vast resources, which can support the increased renewable energy transition and contribute to the fight against climate change.
{"title":"The Geopolitics of Renewable Energy Transition in Eastern Africa","authors":"Felix Shihundu, I. Nyadera","doi":"10.1353/gss.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper focuses on the nexus between geopolitics and renewable energy in Eastern Africa. It sets out to explore the potential geopolitical implications of the transition to renewable energy in the region. The authors observe that there is increasing attention to renewable energy sources (wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, etc.) in the region with potential social, political and economic impacts. Existing literature on the region has focused on the relationship between energy and conflict as well as challenges in accessing energy. However, there is a gap in the literature, theory, and systematic framework with regard to the implications of renewable energy transition for the geopolitics in the region. The authors analyze existing academic publications, government reports, and other relevant publications to draw the relationship between geopolitics and renewable energy transition in the region. The study concludes that the geopolitical benefits of renewable energy in the region far outweigh the risks, and recommends increased adoption of renewable energy given the region's vast resources, which can support the increased renewable energy transition and contribute to the fight against climate change.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"134 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41922625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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