{"title":"China's Rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's Alternative World Order by Dawn C. Murphy (review)","authors":"Jiarui Wu","doi":"10.1353/gss.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"237 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46230557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"My Fourth Time, We Drowned: Seeking Refuge on the World's Deadliest Migration Route by Sally Hayden (review)","authors":"Marja Karelia","doi":"10.1353/gss.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"240 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43671758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In this article, we are dealing with human trafficking for reasons of labor exploitation. For us, it is important to look at the historicity of the reality of unfree labor, which for Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa, mostly means its connection to chattel slavery, the illegalization of unfree labor, and the development of the legal term of human trafficking and the introduction of laws against it. In looking at where today's legal, social, and political reality is coming from, we are also able to deepen our critique of today's law and its application.
{"title":"Theorizing Human Trafficking and Unfree Labor","authors":"Julia Harnoncourt, M. Paredes","doi":"10.1353/gss.2023.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2023.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article, we are dealing with human trafficking for reasons of labor exploitation. For us, it is important to look at the historicity of the reality of unfree labor, which for Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa, mostly means its connection to chattel slavery, the illegalization of unfree labor, and the development of the legal term of human trafficking and the introduction of laws against it. In looking at where today's legal, social, and political reality is coming from, we are also able to deepen our critique of today's law and its application.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"173 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43893619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Human trafficking is a problem that has existed throughout time and in every corner of the world. Its causes and solutions are complex and directly tied to the individual dynamics within a region or country. Invariably, the ability to respond to the problem starts with a recognition of the specific socioeconomic and cultural challenges faced by a particular region.The Caribbean presents particular complexities in defining and responding to the problem. Anecdotal reports suggest that the region suffers from significant rates of human trafficking, but little is known about the prevalence and true scope of the crime. Recent efforts to fight trafficking in the region include legislative and policy initiatives. Unfortunately, some of these efforts are flawed insofar as they are based on Western models, with relatively little input from stakeholders in the region. Evidence suggests that these efforts, while admirable, fail because they are not sufficiently nuanced to capture and address the socioeconomic and cultural causes of trafficking in the Caribbean.Surveying the region's human trafficking experts—namely survivors, NGOs focused on trafficking in the Caribbean, scholars, government actors, and policy makers—may be a step toward filling the data gap and developing anti-trafficking solutions that are better suited to the region. Data from a survey gathering regional experts' input on the strengths and weaknesses of different Caribbean countries' responses to human trafficking could empower the Caribbean region to tackle the issues with solutions created by and for Caribbean people. Altering or expanding on existing solutions in ways that address the unique cultural, social, economic, and geographic situation of the Caribbean will ultimately be the most effective way to eradicate human trafficking in the region.
{"title":"Human Trafficking in the Caribbean: Developing Caribbean-Centered Ways to Fight the Crime","authors":"Gabrielle McKenzie","doi":"10.1353/gss.2023.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2023.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Human trafficking is a problem that has existed throughout time and in every corner of the world. Its causes and solutions are complex and directly tied to the individual dynamics within a region or country. Invariably, the ability to respond to the problem starts with a recognition of the specific socioeconomic and cultural challenges faced by a particular region.The Caribbean presents particular complexities in defining and responding to the problem. Anecdotal reports suggest that the region suffers from significant rates of human trafficking, but little is known about the prevalence and true scope of the crime. Recent efforts to fight trafficking in the region include legislative and policy initiatives. Unfortunately, some of these efforts are flawed insofar as they are based on Western models, with relatively little input from stakeholders in the region. Evidence suggests that these efforts, while admirable, fail because they are not sufficiently nuanced to capture and address the socioeconomic and cultural causes of trafficking in the Caribbean.Surveying the region's human trafficking experts—namely survivors, NGOs focused on trafficking in the Caribbean, scholars, government actors, and policy makers—may be a step toward filling the data gap and developing anti-trafficking solutions that are better suited to the region. Data from a survey gathering regional experts' input on the strengths and weaknesses of different Caribbean countries' responses to human trafficking could empower the Caribbean region to tackle the issues with solutions created by and for Caribbean people. Altering or expanding on existing solutions in ways that address the unique cultural, social, economic, and geographic situation of the Caribbean will ultimately be the most effective way to eradicate human trafficking in the region.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"38 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42076806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Despite the increasing visibility of sex in Africa's tourism industry, the continent is typically neglected in global narratives about sex tourism. The quintessential image of sex tourism is that of Global North tourists traveling to "exotic" locations in the Global South such as East Asia, Latin America, or the Caribbean. Yet, Africa has been experiencing a growth in sex tourism bolstered by an increase in globalization-led tourism development. The continent was identified as the second-fastest growing tourism region in the world in 2019—after the Asia Pacific region—with an estimated 67 million visitors annually, and some of those tourists are bound to engage in sex tourism. Literature examining the global inequalities that inform sex tourism in the African economy using the perspectives of dependency theories and postcolonial theories is sparse but warranted. Expanding on these critiques of the politics of race, class, gender, and imperialism, this article explores interactions between Global North sex tourists and Global South hosts in the sex tourism industry in Africa. The article contends that the tourist gaze on sex workers in Africa's sex tourism industry is informed by representations of Africa and African sexuality in pop culture rooted in the colonial project and by contemporary power imbalances in the global tourism industry, which organizes raced, gendered, and classed tourist experiences.
{"title":"Sun, Sand, Sex, and Safari: The Interplay of Sex Tourism and Global Inequalities in Africa's Tourism Industry","authors":"Sitinga Kachipande","doi":"10.1353/gss.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Despite the increasing visibility of sex in Africa's tourism industry, the continent is typically neglected in global narratives about sex tourism. The quintessential image of sex tourism is that of Global North tourists traveling to \"exotic\" locations in the Global South such as East Asia, Latin America, or the Caribbean. Yet, Africa has been experiencing a growth in sex tourism bolstered by an increase in globalization-led tourism development. The continent was identified as the second-fastest growing tourism region in the world in 2019—after the Asia Pacific region—with an estimated 67 million visitors annually, and some of those tourists are bound to engage in sex tourism. Literature examining the global inequalities that inform sex tourism in the African economy using the perspectives of dependency theories and postcolonial theories is sparse but warranted. Expanding on these critiques of the politics of race, class, gender, and imperialism, this article explores interactions between Global North sex tourists and Global South hosts in the sex tourism industry in Africa. The article contends that the tourist gaze on sex workers in Africa's sex tourism industry is informed by representations of Africa and African sexuality in pop culture rooted in the colonial project and by contemporary power imbalances in the global tourism industry, which organizes raced, gendered, and classed tourist experiences.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"1 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48748314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Mcsherry, Evan C. Rothera, Yoly Zentella, Jiarui Wu, Marja Karelia, M. R. Hall, S. Abidde, José de Arimatéia da Cruz, Ryan J. Alexander, Sitinga Kachipande, Gabrielle McKenzie, K. Vogel, Jane Charles-Voltaire, Susan F. French, Lily Vilsine Bernadel, Jason Haynes, Julia Harnoncourt, M. Paredes, C. Obidoa, Kwaku Nti, Gretchen McAllister, J. Rausch
Abstract:Despite the increasing visibility of sex in Africa's tourism industry, the continent is typically neglected in global narratives about sex tourism. The quintessential image of sex tourism is that of Global North tourists traveling to "exotic" locations in the Global South such as East Asia, Latin America, or the Caribbean. Yet, Africa has been experiencing a growth in sex tourism bolstered by an increase in globalization-led tourism development. The continent was identified as the second-fastest growing tourism region in the world in 2019—after the Asia Pacific region—with an estimated 67 million visitors annually, and some of those tourists are bound to engage in sex tourism. Literature examining the global inequalities that inform sex tourism in the African economy using the perspectives of dependency theories and postcolonial theories is sparse but warranted. Expanding on these critiques of the politics of race, class, gender, and imperialism, this article explores interactions between Global North sex tourists and Global South hosts in the sex tourism industry in Africa. The article contends that the tourist gaze on sex workers in Africa's sex tourism industry is informed by representations of Africa and African sexuality in pop culture rooted in the colonial project and by contemporary power imbalances in the global tourism industry, which organizes raced, gendered, and classed tourist experiences.
{"title":"Ránquil: Rural Rebellion, Political Violence, and Historical Memory in Chile by Thomas Miller Klubock (review)","authors":"J. Mcsherry, Evan C. Rothera, Yoly Zentella, Jiarui Wu, Marja Karelia, M. R. Hall, S. Abidde, José de Arimatéia da Cruz, Ryan J. Alexander, Sitinga Kachipande, Gabrielle McKenzie, K. Vogel, Jane Charles-Voltaire, Susan F. French, Lily Vilsine Bernadel, Jason Haynes, Julia Harnoncourt, M. Paredes, C. Obidoa, Kwaku Nti, Gretchen McAllister, J. Rausch","doi":"10.1353/gss.2023.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2023.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Despite the increasing visibility of sex in Africa's tourism industry, the continent is typically neglected in global narratives about sex tourism. The quintessential image of sex tourism is that of Global North tourists traveling to \"exotic\" locations in the Global South such as East Asia, Latin America, or the Caribbean. Yet, Africa has been experiencing a growth in sex tourism bolstered by an increase in globalization-led tourism development. The continent was identified as the second-fastest growing tourism region in the world in 2019—after the Asia Pacific region—with an estimated 67 million visitors annually, and some of those tourists are bound to engage in sex tourism. Literature examining the global inequalities that inform sex tourism in the African economy using the perspectives of dependency theories and postcolonial theories is sparse but warranted. Expanding on these critiques of the politics of race, class, gender, and imperialism, this article explores interactions between Global North sex tourists and Global South hosts in the sex tourism industry in Africa. The article contends that the tourist gaze on sex workers in Africa's sex tourism industry is informed by representations of Africa and African sexuality in pop culture rooted in the colonial project and by contemporary power imbalances in the global tourism industry, which organizes raced, gendered, and classed tourist experiences.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"1 - 115 - 116 - 144 - 145 - 172 - 173 - 212 - 213 - 215 - 215 - 218 - 218 - 220 - 220 - 222 - 222 -"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44892382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Klubock argues that the Ránquil rebellion, when not forgotten by historians, has been categorized as a spontaneous uprising and not part of an organized collective movement. This “impedes a serious historical engagement with [peasants’] political consciousness,” he asserts (17– 18). Another of his arguments, which I found less persuasive, is that pardons and historical oblivion regarding massacres and repression by state security forces permitted “national reconciliation, functioning as a precondition for Chilean democracy and the legitimacy of the state” (21) as well as the development of a stable multiparty system. But while Chile was stable for long periods, stability is not the same as democracy. There is substantial literature on the longterm consequences of impunity that challenges his assertion that olvido is a necessary precondition for democracy. Similarly, the assumption that impunity and amnesia enhanced the legitimacy of the state is open to question. Chile’s unresolved conflicts over citizenship rights, political agency, and social demands left the country postdictatorship with high levels of inequality and frustration. The simmering, pentup demands for social justice and rights have continued to erupt, most recently during the 2019 estallido social, indicating that amnesties and olvido are not a longterm formula for stability and even less democracy. Each chapter covers an important aspect of the conflictive history in the south, as wealthy families usurped public lands and evicted campesinos via violence and fraud. The author’s exhaustive stepbystep account of the 1934 rebellion at times seems overly detailed; one wishes for more analysis of the significance of the events. But overall, the book is a major contribution to the literature and to scholarly understanding of underresearched social conflicts in Chile’s south.
{"title":"The Conquest of the Desert: Argentina's Indigenous Peoples and the Battle for History by Carolynn R. Larson (review)","authors":"Evan C. Rothera","doi":"10.1353/gss.2023.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2023.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Klubock argues that the Ránquil rebellion, when not forgotten by historians, has been categorized as a spontaneous uprising and not part of an organized collective movement. This “impedes a serious historical engagement with [peasants’] political consciousness,” he asserts (17– 18). Another of his arguments, which I found less persuasive, is that pardons and historical oblivion regarding massacres and repression by state security forces permitted “national reconciliation, functioning as a precondition for Chilean democracy and the legitimacy of the state” (21) as well as the development of a stable multiparty system. But while Chile was stable for long periods, stability is not the same as democracy. There is substantial literature on the longterm consequences of impunity that challenges his assertion that olvido is a necessary precondition for democracy. Similarly, the assumption that impunity and amnesia enhanced the legitimacy of the state is open to question. Chile’s unresolved conflicts over citizenship rights, political agency, and social demands left the country postdictatorship with high levels of inequality and frustration. The simmering, pentup demands for social justice and rights have continued to erupt, most recently during the 2019 estallido social, indicating that amnesties and olvido are not a longterm formula for stability and even less democracy. Each chapter covers an important aspect of the conflictive history in the south, as wealthy families usurped public lands and evicted campesinos via violence and fraud. The author’s exhaustive stepbystep account of the 1934 rebellion at times seems overly detailed; one wishes for more analysis of the significance of the events. But overall, the book is a major contribution to the literature and to scholarly understanding of underresearched social conflicts in Chile’s south.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"233 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46236417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
example of a noncapitalistic approach to the RTD. Such interventions targeted toward addressing the root causes of unequal development not only serve to repair the gaps created by previous development pitfalls but hold the promise of positioning the next generation to take advantage of the benefits of development. This text provides what I would refer to as a hopeful look at development in Africa and advances the development discourse critically. It touches on some of the major critical barriers to development and examines some bold and new approaches to reversing “unconscious development.” One point of clarification that would have been helpful for the readers relates to the very first statement made in the first sentence of the introduction. The author writes, “From time immemorial, Africa has been ravaged by poverty and underdevelopment, despite its rich natural resources.” It would have been instructive if the author had explained or provided more insight into the situation referred to here or clarified the time frame (possibly marked by specific time frames in history). Does this time start before or after the exploitation of Africa’s abundant natural resources by European agents or after the exploitation of Africa’s human resources, which were invaluable for the building of European and Western economies, or after the colonial occupation of African territories that legalized the theft of natural, human intellectual, and cultural resources? Clarifying the time frame within which poverty and underdevelopment as it is known and experienced in Africa today set in or became a feature associated with this part of the world in which wealth (natural, human, cultural, intellectual) is endemic would help us as we continue to put Africa’s development challenges in perspective.
{"title":"Architecture and Development: Israeli Construction in Sub-Saharan Africa and Settler Colonial Imagination, 1958–1973 by Ayala Levin (review)","authors":"Kwaku Nti","doi":"10.1353/gss.2023.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2023.0014","url":null,"abstract":"example of a noncapitalistic approach to the RTD. Such interventions targeted toward addressing the root causes of unequal development not only serve to repair the gaps created by previous development pitfalls but hold the promise of positioning the next generation to take advantage of the benefits of development. This text provides what I would refer to as a hopeful look at development in Africa and advances the development discourse critically. It touches on some of the major critical barriers to development and examines some bold and new approaches to reversing “unconscious development.” One point of clarification that would have been helpful for the readers relates to the very first statement made in the first sentence of the introduction. The author writes, “From time immemorial, Africa has been ravaged by poverty and underdevelopment, despite its rich natural resources.” It would have been instructive if the author had explained or provided more insight into the situation referred to here or clarified the time frame (possibly marked by specific time frames in history). Does this time start before or after the exploitation of Africa’s abundant natural resources by European agents or after the exploitation of Africa’s human resources, which were invaluable for the building of European and Western economies, or after the colonial occupation of African territories that legalized the theft of natural, human intellectual, and cultural resources? Clarifying the time frame within which poverty and underdevelopment as it is known and experienced in Africa today set in or became a feature associated with this part of the world in which wealth (natural, human, cultural, intellectual) is endemic would help us as we continue to put Africa’s development challenges in perspective.","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"215 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49301464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reimagining Social Medicine from the South by Abigail H. Neely (review)","authors":"Kwaku Nti","doi":"10.1353/gss.2023.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2023.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"220 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47957244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unintended Lessons of Revolution: Student Teachers and Political Radicalism in Twentieth Century Mexico by Tanalís Padilla (review)","authors":"Yoly Zentella","doi":"10.1353/gss.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global South Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"235 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44739859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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