Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Er:YAG laser bone bed milling, with or without photobiomodulation, on the bone repair process of additive manufacturing implants in rats","authors":"Fernando Costa Neto ,&nbsp;Isadora Breseghello ,&nbsp;Laura Vidoto Paludetto ,&nbsp;Sabrina Cruz Tfaile Frasnelli ,&nbsp;Fábio Roberto de Souza Batista ,&nbsp;Alberto Blay ,&nbsp;Armando Boni ,&nbsp;Fernando Costa Júnior ,&nbsp;Roberta Okamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preparation of the bone bed for implant placement is a critical factor for successful osseointegration and is influenced by surgical techniques and instrumentation. In this context, a study was conducted to compare bone bed milling using an Er:YAG laser, with or without photobiomodulation, to conventional milling combined with Nd:YAG laser photobiomodulation. To assess the effects of Er:YAG laser milling, with or without photobiomodulation, on bone bed preparation and its potential to enhance osseointegration, 28 male rats underwent implant placement in their tibial metaphyses and were divided into four groups: conventional milling (CM), photobiomodulation + conventional milling (PBM + CM), Er:YAG laser milling (Er:YAG), and photobiomodulation + Er:YAG laser milling (PBM + Er:YAG). Euthanasia was performed 28 days after implant placement. Reverse torque testing and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis were conducted to evaluate the expression of osteogenic markers, including ALP, IBSP, OCN, and RUNX2. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, where applicable, with a significance level of <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05. The Er:YAG group exhibited a significantly higher implant removal torque compared to the CM group. Additionally, the expression of genes associated with bone maturation (OCN), differentiation (RUNX2), and osteoblastic activity (ALP and IBSP) was significantly increased in both the Er:YAG and PBM + Er:YAG groups, indicating enhanced osteogenic potential. Thus, Er:YAG laser milling, with or without photobiomodulation using the Nd:YAG laser, may represent a promising alternative for bone bed preparation in implant procedures. However, further studies are required to better characterize bone healing and its long-term consolidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) effectively eliminates skin tumors in a mouse model of UV-induced carcinogenesis with a short-term treatment regimen","authors":"Szabolcs Bozsányi ,&nbsp;Ruby Acquah ,&nbsp;Rhea Carmel Glen Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Erin C. Tracy ,&nbsp;Sean P. Murphy ,&nbsp;Gregory Fridman ,&nbsp;Wendy J. Huss ,&nbsp;Peter C. Friedman ,&nbsp;Gyorgy Paragh","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) therapy has emerged as a promising modality in dermatology for wound healing, tissue regeneration, and anti-tumor applications. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of a simple, one-week NTAPP treatment protocol in the SKH1 hairless mouse model of chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced carcinogenesis.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>SKH1 mice were exposed to solar-simulated UV light 5 times a week for 10 weeks, which produced multiple skin tumors on each mouse. At week 25 NTAPP treatment was administered to a subgroup of mice at a setting of 20 kV with a 20 ns pulse width and 200 Hz frequency three times within a single week. A total of 31 NTAPP-treated and 34 internal control tumors (i.e., nearby tumors on the same mouse) in UV-exposed, NTAPP-treated mice were evaluated for tumor size at 0 and 28 days after the beginning of the treatment by using ImageJ on standardized photographs. A subset of the tumors was also assessed with a 33 MHz high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) to measure vertical tumor thickness. In similarly housed control mice, sizes of 64 tumors were evaluated as external controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NTAPP induced a significant reduction in the mean tumor area from 5.65 ± 6.51 mm² before treatment to 1.74 ± 3.99 mm² 28 days post-treatment (paired <em>t</em>-test, <em>p</em> = 0.0016). Internal control tumors, in contrast, showed an increase in area from 3.24 ± 2.54 mm² before treatment to 4.57 ± 3.58 mm² 28 days post-treatment (paired <em>t</em>-test, <em>p</em> = 0.0296). Of the 31 treated tumors, 23 completely disappeared; in contrast, only six non-treated internal control tumors disappeared (<em>p</em> = 0.0139, two-sided chi-square test). Simultaneously, optically guided HFUS revealed a significant decrease in tumor thickness in treated areas (paired <em>t</em>-test, <em>p</em> = 0.0006), with no significant changes observed in the internal control tumors (paired <em>t</em>-test, <em>p</em> = 0.5555). External control tumors showed an increase in size, which was not statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The results demonstrated that a one-week NTAPP protocol could effectively eliminate 74 % of mouse tumors induced by UV radiation. These findings warrant further investigations of short, clinically feasible NTAPP treatment protocols for early skin cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced performance of Bi2S3/TiO2 heterostructure composite films for solar cell applications","authors":"Saket Mathur ,&nbsp;Victoria Bishop ,&nbsp;Andrew Swindle ,&nbsp;Wei Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Day to day energy production is shifting towards renewable energy sources as these sources become more economically viable while being less polluting to operate; solar energy has become one of the major sources of renewable energy. However, it currently relies on ultra-pure silicon ingots to produce commercial silicon photovoltaics, which prevents the cost of electricity being produced to compete with non-renewable energy production. A viable low-cost alternative for silicon based cells would be dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which are easier and cheaper to manufacture as they do not require expensive and delicate raw materials to make. Moreover, they could be made semi-flexible which allows for a greater variety of applications. A DSSC consists of three components, a photo-electrode, an electrolyte and a counter-electrode. When exposed to incident light, the complex photosensitizers in the photoelectrode release electrons which are transported to the external load, leaving the photoelectrode in an oxidized state. The electrons are collected by the counter electrode and used to reduce the electrolyte. This charged electrolyte then reduces the positively charged photoelectrode, allowing the process to begin again. To improve the efficiency of this process, we explore the use of bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃) and titanium oxide (TiO₂) composite as photoelectrode material and investigate their impact on the efficiency of DSSC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoreduced gold nanoparticles from vitalmelon promote white adipocyte browning in murine cells by targeting phospholipase D2","authors":"Sun Young Park ,&nbsp;He mi Kang ,&nbsp;Kangmin Park ,&nbsp;Lu Guo ,&nbsp;Jin-Woo Oh ,&nbsp;Geuntae Park ,&nbsp;Nam Jun Kang ,&nbsp;Young-Whan Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in green nanotechnology have enabled the synthesis of nanoparticles using natural resources, thereby offering ecofriendly alternatives for various biomedical applications. In this study, we report the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using vitalmelon (VW) extract (VW-GNPs) without the need for stabilizers or surfactants. The VW extract served as a reducing and a stabilizing agent. The synthesized VW-GNPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results revealed successful synthesis of VW-GNPs with an average size of 35.41 ± 2.37 nm and a zeta potential of -28.16 ± 1.01 mV, indicating good stability. The biological activity of VW-GNPs was evaluated in lipogenesis and browning of differentiating white adipocytes, focusing on their effects on lipid droplet formation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and expression of browning markers such as UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC1α. VW-GNPs significantly reduced lipid accumulation in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and promoted the conversion of white adipocytes into metabolically active beige adipocytes. Moreover, VW-GNPs enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, which is crucial for energy expenditure in beige adipocytes. Further investigation using pharmacological inhibition and knockdown experiments revealed that phospholipase D2 inhibition synergistically promoted the browning effects of VW-GNPs. These findings suggest that VW-GNPs represent a promising novel therapeutic strategy to combat obesity by modulating adipocyte metabolism and increasing energy expenditure via adipocyte browning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on integrated photo rechargeable batteries- supercapacitors, and their techno-economic feasibility","authors":"Jyoti Bhattacharjee,&nbsp;Subhasis Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar energy is a cost-effective replacement for traditional fossil fuels since it is a green, renewable energy source. Direct solar energy conversion and storage using electrochemistry have been proposed. In this context, the need to create high-performance integrated devices based on solar energy conversion components such as solar cells, photoelectrodes, and electrochemical energy storage components has increased. Carbon and functional materials based on carbon play a major role in the performance of energy conversion/storage components. The techno-economic performance of two alternative hybrid energy storage system designs of the supercapacitor and photo rechargeable battery systems are compared in this review paper. The importance and impact of photoactive nanomaterials acting as photoelectrodes in embedded photo batteries result from their structure, topology, and pertinent for photo charging and Li-ion storage; this photo battery uses highly photosensitive two-dimensional lead halide perovskites. Integrating lithium-ion batteries (LIB) with fast-charging supercapacitors (SCs) decreases the time storage technologies take compared to conventional systems. The important role of carbon‐based materials in integrated devices has been highlighted. The optimized electric renewable model was used to analyze the techno-economic analysis of the fast-charging lithium-ion battery (FCLIB) proposal. The fundamentals of integrated devices are presented, emphasizing the functions performed by carbon-based materials in these hybrid energy devices. This review also highlights the importance of integrated devices, photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical rechargeable batteries, and supercapacitors and their techno-economic viability, challenges, and future development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of P1G10 against UVB-induced damage: Reduction of antioxidant stress, inflammation and cell proliferation","authors":"Kátia M. Freitas ,&nbsp;Emerson S. Veloso ,&nbsp;Ênio Ferreira ,&nbsp;Marcelo V. Caliari ,&nbsp;Carlos E. Salas ,&nbsp;Miriam T.P. Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>P1G10 is the proteolytic fraction from <em>Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis</em> latex equivalent to papain from <em>C. papaya</em>. It acts as healing enhancer in diverse wound scenarios. In a preliminary study P1G10 showed promising anti-inflammatory activity in lesions induced by single dose UVB irradiation.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The present study assesses the impact of P1G10 topically applied on mice lesions induced by multiple UVB doses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After repeated exposure to 240 mJ cm^-2 UVB, P1G10 decreased by ∼50 % the detected ROS, enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities, thereby protecting against oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory effect of the fraction was consolidated by reduction in TNF-α (∼70 %) and IL1β (∼90 %) and confirmed by histological analyses showing a reduction in cellularity and leukocyte infiltration into the hypodermis. Additionally, epidermal hyperplasia induced by UVB was reduced as shown by a decrease of PCNA immunolabeling in keratinocytes. Pathways involved in the inflammatory process and in UVB-induced production of free radicals were also affected, revealing that P1G10 application reduced phosphorylation of MAP kinase proteins (JNK and P38) and Akt, as well as MMP-9 activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These data confirm the lasting protective action of P1G10 by moderating oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by multiple doses of UV-B in the skin, suggesting a potential preventive action against the onset of carcinogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interplay of light and temperature: Vitamin D3 formation in vitro, a model for in vivo plant studies","authors":"Maria Fitzner ,&nbsp;Natalie Cunningham ,&nbsp;Marcel AK Jansen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D deficiency is a global issue that requires attention, given its essential functions in the human body. The synthesis of vitamin D₃ in the human skin is subject to limitations related to the availability of UV radiation, which can be particularly limited at higher latitudes, especially during the winter months. Additionally, vitamin D₃ can be acquired through diet. Given that most vitamin D sources are animal-based, the discovery of vitamin D₃ in plants is of particular interest to those following vegan or vegetarian diets. While the characteristics of vitamin D biosynthesis in the human skin are well established, there is a lack of knowledge regarding biosynthesis in plants. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of several factors, including light, temperature, and plant matrix compounds, on the vitamin D₃ conversion reaction. The formation of previtamin D₃ from 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) was demonstrated to be dependent on UVC and UVB light, while the subsequent formation of vitamin D₃ from previtamin D₃ was shown to be dependent on temperature. Exposure to longer UV wavelengths led to a relative increase in lumisterol content. Furthermore, a concentration-dependent effect of UV-absorbing compounds was observed. These novel insights into the formation of vitamin D₃ will underpin future strategies aimed at optimising vitamin D₃ content in crop species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for overcoming the lung surfactant barrier and achieving success in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy","authors":"Isabelle Almeida de Lima ,&nbsp;Lorraine Gabriele Fiuza ,&nbsp;Johan Sebastián Díaz Tovar ,&nbsp;Dianeth Sara Lima Bejar ,&nbsp;Ana Julia Barbosa Tomé ,&nbsp;Michelle Barreto Requena ,&nbsp;Layla Pires ,&nbsp;Gang Zheng ,&nbsp;Natalia Mayumi Inada ,&nbsp;Cristina Kurachi ,&nbsp;Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impressive increase in antimicrobial resistance has required the development of alternative treatments that act on multiple non-specific molecular targets and are effective against a broad range of microorganisms. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) is based on microbial inactivation from oxidative stress and represents an important tool for inactivating microorganisms with low risk of resistance selection. Therefore, our research group has been devoted to demonstrating its effectiveness against pathogens that cause pneumonia, one of the most lethal infections worldwide. Previous studies reported the efficiency and safety of an <em>in vitro</em> photoinactivation protocol for <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> and the delivery of infrared light (external illumination) and photosensitizer (PS) in an animal model. However, the <em>in vivo</em> inactivation of microorganisms still poses challenges due to the presence of lung surfactant (LS), which traps PSs, preventing them from reaching the microbial target. This study investigated different approaches such as use of emulsifiers, perfluorocarbon, oxygen nanobubbles, and copolymer towards overcoming LS and optimizing aPDT response. The most promising strategy consisted in combining indocyanine green (ICG) with Gantrez^TM AN-139 - a Polyvinyl Methyl Ether/Maleic Anhydride copolymer (PVM/MA) – showing high microbial inactivation and safety for human lung epithelial (A549) and fibroblast (MRC-9) cell lines. The <em>in vitro</em> experiments provided an alternative to overcome the limited PS distribution through LS and will serve as the basis for <em>in vivo</em> studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo measurement of nitric oxide release from intact human skin post photobiomodulation using visible and near-infrared light: A chemiluminescence detection study","authors":"Augustin C. Barolet ,&nbsp;Lucie Germain ,&nbsp;Daniel Barolet","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Significance</strong>: This study investigates the therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) using visible and near-infrared (NIR) light on nitric oxide (NO) release from intact human skin. Given NO's critical role in physiological processes such as wound healing, inflammation control, and vasodilation, this research could lead to innovative non-invasive treatments.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> The primary aim was to explore how PBM at different wavelengths affects NO release from human skin. Custom-built airtight sleeves equipped with gas ports were used to measure NO levels, assessing the impact of three specific wavelengths of light (455 nm, 660 nm, and 850 nm).</p><p><strong>Approach:</strong> Eighteen healthy participants had their forearms enclosed in airtight sleeves. The skin was irradiated with the specified wavelengths at a fluence of 45 J/cm² and an irradiance of 50 mW/cm² for 15 min. NO levels were quantified after irradiation using chemiluminescence detection (CLD), which measures the chemiluminescent reaction of NO with ozone (O3) for real-time analysis.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Significant differences in NO release were observed among the wavelengths tested, indicating that PBM stimulates NO release from intact human skin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study provides strong evidence that PBM using visible and NIR light can enhance NO release from human skin, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for conditions involving NO. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind PBM-induced NO release and its clinical implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666469024000253/pdfft?md5=1a2108d5632a97bca7bdbe19108138b2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666469024000253-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaption of in vitro and in chemico phototoxicity tests for tattoo pigments and the effect of adsorption of the phototoxic contaminant benzo[a]pyrene to carbon black","authors":"Susanne Kochs ,&nbsp;Lena Panse ,&nbsp;Sandra Schiewe ,&nbsp;Urs Schlegel ,&nbsp;Anja Schreiber ,&nbsp;Aseel Alsarahni ,&nbsp;Urs Hauri ,&nbsp;Ines Schreiver","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phototoxicity plays an important role in tattoo toxicology due to the skin's daily exposure to sunlight and the permanent deposition of pigments in skin. Here, we investigated <em>in chemico</em> reactive oxygen species generation using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and <em>in vitro</em> phototoxicity towards skin fibroblasts based on the OECD Test Guideline 432.</p><p>Proficiency substances, titanium dioxide (TiO₂, anatase 30 nm, anatase 100 nm, rutile 30 nm), pigment red 22 (PR 22) with and without purification and carbon black (CB) were investigated. Phototoxic properties of benzo[<em>a</em>]pyrene (B[<em>a]</em>P) were investigated with and without adsorption to CB. Pigments were characterised by dynamic light scattering.</p><p>All proficiency substances except for norfloxacin were predicted successfully and only TiO₂ anatase exhibited phototoxicity in the cell-based approach. B[<em>a</em>]P showed the expected phototoxicity in contrast to B[<em>a</em>]P bound to carbon black. Upon UVA irradiation, only TiO₂ pigment anatase and PR 22 generated ROS in the cell-free assay. DLS measurements showed a high degree of polydispersity/agglomeration.</p><p>OECD Test Guideline 432 should be applied with an incubation time of 24 h when testing highly insoluble pigments. The <em>in chemico</em> ROS assay introduced below might serve as a quick screening test but may be further adapted to predict the <em>in vitro</em> outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666469024000241/pdfft?md5=b47da0e47ad9629d00621e816fca731a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666469024000241-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}