Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-4
O. Matantseva, M. Berdieva, I. Pozdnyakov
{"title":"Sensitivity of dinoflagellates to mechanical stressors as a potential target to control harmful blooms in aquaculture","authors":"O. Matantseva, M. Berdieva, I. Pozdnyakov","doi":"10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37502,"journal":{"name":"Protistology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67891091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-3-2
A. Pinevich, S. Averina
chlorophyll-less bacterium Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus attacking Chlorella vulgaris and described its morphology and life cycle, although misattributed it to the phylum Proteobacteria. Over four decades, freeze-dried samples of infected Chlorella have been stored in oblivion, until in the early 2010s “proteobacterial” predator was reattributed to the phylum Cyanobacteria. V. chlorellavorus , the type species of the order Vampirovibrionales within the class Vampirovibrionia became the first, and to date unique cultured “dark” (non-photosynthetic, chlorophyll-less) cyanobacterium in contrast to “light” (photosynthetic, chlorophyll-containing) members of the class Oxyphotobacteria that habitually encompassed the phylum Cyanobacteria. Thus, taxonomic reattribution of V. chlorellavorus confirmed the early suggestions that cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) were not only photosynthetic microorganisms. Consequent metagenomic studies have extended the described diversity of dark cyanobacteria: besides Vampirovibrionales, the class Vampirovibrionia was shown to contain the orders Gastranaerophilales, Obscuribacterales, and Caenarcanales embracing metabolically diverse species with different lifestyles from development in ground water to obligate symbiosis with microalgae and oxymonad protists. Metagenomic research of dark cyanobacteria over the past decade elicited three phyla sibling to Cyanobacteria – Blackallbacteria (former Sericytochromatia), Margulisbacteria, and Saganbacteria. Comparative analysis and annotation of their metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) revived the discussion on the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, primarily focusing at dilemma “dark cyanobacteria: primordial or late”. Thus, besides opening separate page in research of symbioses between protists and bacteria, and apart from looking deeper into diversity of cyanobacteria, the discovery of V. chlorellavous got a new life within evolutionary biology mainstream.
{"title":"New life for old discovery: amazing story about how bacterial predation on Chlorella resolved a paradox of dark cyanobacteria and gave the key to early history of oxygenic photosynthesis and aerobic respiration","authors":"A. Pinevich, S. Averina","doi":"10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"chlorophyll-less bacterium Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus attacking Chlorella vulgaris and described its morphology and life cycle, although misattributed it to the phylum Proteobacteria. Over four decades, freeze-dried samples of infected Chlorella have been stored in oblivion, until in the early 2010s “proteobacterial” predator was reattributed to the phylum Cyanobacteria. V. chlorellavorus , the type species of the order Vampirovibrionales within the class Vampirovibrionia became the first, and to date unique cultured “dark” (non-photosynthetic, chlorophyll-less) cyanobacterium in contrast to “light” (photosynthetic, chlorophyll-containing) members of the class Oxyphotobacteria that habitually encompassed the phylum Cyanobacteria. Thus, taxonomic reattribution of V. chlorellavorus confirmed the early suggestions that cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) were not only photosynthetic microorganisms. Consequent metagenomic studies have extended the described diversity of dark cyanobacteria: besides Vampirovibrionales, the class Vampirovibrionia was shown to contain the orders Gastranaerophilales, Obscuribacterales, and Caenarcanales embracing metabolically diverse species with different lifestyles from development in ground water to obligate symbiosis with microalgae and oxymonad protists. Metagenomic research of dark cyanobacteria over the past decade elicited three phyla sibling to Cyanobacteria – Blackallbacteria (former Sericytochromatia), Margulisbacteria, and Saganbacteria. Comparative analysis and annotation of their metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) revived the discussion on the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, primarily focusing at dilemma “dark cyanobacteria: primordial or late”. Thus, besides opening separate page in research of symbioses between protists and bacteria, and apart from looking deeper into diversity of cyanobacteria, the discovery of V. chlorellavous got a new life within evolutionary biology mainstream.","PeriodicalId":37502,"journal":{"name":"Protistology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67889978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-3-6
Reem Alqoubaili, V. Derkach, E. Ermilova
{"title":"Multiple control of alternative oxidase 1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under phosphorus deprivation","authors":"Reem Alqoubaili, V. Derkach, E. Ermilova","doi":"10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-3-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-3-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37502,"journal":{"name":"Protistology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67890753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-6
M. Berdieva, V. Kalinina, A. Fel, S. Skarlato
Summary Heterotrophy appears to be a common and widely adopted strategy among dinoflagellates, even in predominantly photosynthetic species. To elucidate the mechanisms of switching between various trophic modes in primarily mixotrophic protists, we need the information about molecular machinery providing the uptake of nutrients of different nature. Here, we analyzed transcriptomic data available for two marine mixotrophic dinoflagellates belonging to the phylogenetically distant groups – Prorocentrum cordatum and Amphidinium carterae . This study uncovered homologs of proteins involved in endocytosis and phagosome formation, including epsin, coronin, clathrin light and heavy chains, adaptor protein complex 2 and dynamin. The enzymes, acting in the lysosomal degradation, and small GTPases regulating vesicle transport, maturation and recycling were also detected in these organisms. We provide a generalized scheme of endocytosis pathways, which includes proteins revealed in the course of this study and identified by other authors.
{"title":"Heterotrophy in dinoflagellates: components of endocytosis molecular machinery in Prorocentrum cordatum and Amphidinium carterae transcriptomes","authors":"M. Berdieva, V. Kalinina, A. Fel, S. Skarlato","doi":"10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-6","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Heterotrophy appears to be a common and widely adopted strategy among dinoflagellates, even in predominantly photosynthetic species. To elucidate the mechanisms of switching between various trophic modes in primarily mixotrophic protists, we need the information about molecular machinery providing the uptake of nutrients of different nature. Here, we analyzed transcriptomic data available for two marine mixotrophic dinoflagellates belonging to the phylogenetically distant groups – Prorocentrum cordatum and Amphidinium carterae . This study uncovered homologs of proteins involved in endocytosis and phagosome formation, including epsin, coronin, clathrin light and heavy chains, adaptor protein complex 2 and dynamin. The enzymes, acting in the lysosomal degradation, and small GTPases regulating vesicle transport, maturation and recycling were also detected in these organisms. We provide a generalized scheme of endocytosis pathways, which includes proteins revealed in the course of this study and identified by other authors.","PeriodicalId":37502,"journal":{"name":"Protistology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67890736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-8
N. Bondarenko, A. Glotova, E. Nassonova, A. Masharsky, A. Smirnov
{"title":"The complete mitochondrial genome of an unusual strain of tiny vannellid amoeba (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Vannellida) isolated from the Niagara River (Canada)","authors":"N. Bondarenko, A. Glotova, E. Nassonova, A. Masharsky, A. Smirnov","doi":"10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37502,"journal":{"name":"Protistology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67890918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-7
A. Glotova, S. Loiko, Georgy I. Istigichev, A. Kulemzina, E. Abakumov, A. Lapidus, A. Smirnov
During the studies of amoebae from the rare and highly productive soil of Chernevaya taiga (West Siberia, Russia) we have found an isolate of a leptomyxid amoeba showing 18s rDNA sequence significantly different from those of other known species of the order Leptomyxida. Here we describe this isolate as a new species, Leptomyxa silvatica n.sp. This species has both morphological and sequence differences from related ones. This finding confirms that reliable morphological differentiation and identification of leptomyxid amoebae is possible only for several remarkable species, while others require molecular data to be correctly labeled or described.
{"title":"Description of Leptomyxa silvatica n. sp. (Amoebozoa, Tubulinea, Leptomyxida), a new soil amoeba species from Chernevaya taiga soil of West Siberia, Russia","authors":"A. Glotova, S. Loiko, Georgy I. Istigichev, A. Kulemzina, E. Abakumov, A. Lapidus, A. Smirnov","doi":"10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-7","url":null,"abstract":"During the studies of amoebae from the rare and highly productive soil of Chernevaya taiga (West Siberia, Russia) we have found an isolate of a leptomyxid amoeba showing 18s rDNA sequence significantly different from those of other known species of the order Leptomyxida. Here we describe this isolate as a new species, Leptomyxa silvatica n.sp. This species has both morphological and sequence differences from related ones. This finding confirms that reliable morphological differentiation and identification of leptomyxid amoebae is possible only for several remarkable species, while others require molecular data to be correctly labeled or described.","PeriodicalId":37502,"journal":{"name":"Protistology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67890988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-2-4
A. I. Ganyukova, M. N. Malysheva, A. Frolov
{"title":"Experimental infection of the fly Calliphora vicina with the trypanosomatid Angomonas deanei and cross-infection between different calliphorid species","authors":"A. I. Ganyukova, M. N. Malysheva, A. Frolov","doi":"10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37502,"journal":{"name":"Protistology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67889762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-3
A. Kudryavtsev, E. Volkova, F. Voytinsky
{"title":"A checklist of Amoebozoa species from marine and brackish-water biotopes with notes on taxonomy, species concept and distribution patterns","authors":"A. Kudryavtsev, E. Volkova, F. Voytinsky","doi":"10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37502,"journal":{"name":"Protistology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67890878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-1-1
I. Senderskiy, A. Ignatieva, D. S. Kireeva, V. Dolgikh
Summary A number of methods to detect microsporidia infections are based on recovery of spores due to their thick refractive spore walls and presence of chitin that easily binds to fluorogenic and chromogenic stains. Visualization of intracellular stages in infected cells and organs has been always a challenge. In this report a new immunodetection method based on the use of β -tubulin antibodies, has been developed to mark the intracellular life cycle stages of Vairimorpha ( Nosema ) ceranae , an emergent pathogen of Apis mellifera . For this purpose, we carried out the heterologous expression of the V. ceranae β -tubulin gene in E. coli cells and obtained polyclonal antibodies to the recombinant protein. The antibodies were successfully applied for immunolabelling of microsporidian cells in insect midguts in vivo as well as in Sf9 cell culture in vitro .
{"title":"Production of polyclonal anti-β-tubulin antibodies and immunodetection of Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae (Opisthosporidia: Microsporidia) proliferative stages in the midguts of Apis mellifera and in the Sf9 cell culture","authors":"I. Senderskiy, A. Ignatieva, D. S. Kireeva, V. Dolgikh","doi":"10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A number of methods to detect microsporidia infections are based on recovery of spores due to their thick refractive spore walls and presence of chitin that easily binds to fluorogenic and chromogenic stains. Visualization of intracellular stages in infected cells and organs has been always a challenge. In this report a new immunodetection method based on the use of β -tubulin antibodies, has been developed to mark the intracellular life cycle stages of Vairimorpha ( Nosema ) ceranae , an emergent pathogen of Apis mellifera . For this purpose, we carried out the heterologous expression of the V. ceranae β -tubulin gene in E. coli cells and obtained polyclonal antibodies to the recombinant protein. The antibodies were successfully applied for immunolabelling of microsporidian cells in insect midguts in vivo as well as in Sf9 cell culture in vitro .","PeriodicalId":37502,"journal":{"name":"Protistology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67888876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-2-1
N. Bankov, M. Todorov, A. Ganeva
Summary All species of the genus Quadrulella recorded in Bulgaria are described morphologically and morphometrically and distributional data for them are provided. A new testate amoeba Quadrulella deflandrei sp. nov. isolated from Sphagnum mosses is described. The newly described species resembles Q. symmetrica in its general shape, but differs from it by about twice the size and significantly more and larger shell plates (maximum size 15–19 µm in Q. deflandrei vs. 10–12 µm in Q. symmetrica ). On the other hand, Q. deflandrei has a similar size as Q. quadrigera and Q. squtellata but can be easily distinguished from them by the size and arrangement of the plates: in Q. quadrigera shell plates are relatively small and similar in size (8–10 µm), arranged in numerous rows, often mixed with single round or elliptical plates; in Q. scutellata , small quadrangular plates are usually superimposed at the junctions of the larger plates. The analysis of the variation coefficients shows that the population of the newly described species is homogeneous and all characters and ratios measured are weakly to moderate variable (CV range from 4.98% to 9.78%). The shell length, breadth and depth, as well as length/breadth ratio are the most stable characters (CV between 4.98% and 6.79%). Moderate variability is observed for the aperture and breadth/aperture ratio (9.24% and 9.72%, respectively). Our study of many individuals of Q. longicollis gives us evidence to support the view that it is a well-defined and independent species, clearly distinguishable from Q. symmetrica and Q. variabilis . We discuss the high morphological and morphometric variability of Q. symmetrica and the need for molecular studies of European narrow-shelled and tubular forms, very similar to the recently described South African species Q. madibai , to elucidate their taxonomic status. We synonymise Quadrulella symmetrica var. irregularis Penard, in Wailes and Penard, 1911 with Quadrulella longicollis (Taranek, 1882).
{"title":"An overview of the genus Quadrulella (Arcellinida: Hyalospheniidae) from Bulgaria, with description of Quadrulella deflandrei sp. nov.","authors":"N. Bankov, M. Todorov, A. Ganeva","doi":"10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/1680-0826-2021-15-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"Summary All species of the genus Quadrulella recorded in Bulgaria are described morphologically and morphometrically and distributional data for them are provided. A new testate amoeba Quadrulella deflandrei sp. nov. isolated from Sphagnum mosses is described. The newly described species resembles Q. symmetrica in its general shape, but differs from it by about twice the size and significantly more and larger shell plates (maximum size 15–19 µm in Q. deflandrei vs. 10–12 µm in Q. symmetrica ). On the other hand, Q. deflandrei has a similar size as Q. quadrigera and Q. squtellata but can be easily distinguished from them by the size and arrangement of the plates: in Q. quadrigera shell plates are relatively small and similar in size (8–10 µm), arranged in numerous rows, often mixed with single round or elliptical plates; in Q. scutellata , small quadrangular plates are usually superimposed at the junctions of the larger plates. The analysis of the variation coefficients shows that the population of the newly described species is homogeneous and all characters and ratios measured are weakly to moderate variable (CV range from 4.98% to 9.78%). The shell length, breadth and depth, as well as length/breadth ratio are the most stable characters (CV between 4.98% and 6.79%). Moderate variability is observed for the aperture and breadth/aperture ratio (9.24% and 9.72%, respectively). Our study of many individuals of Q. longicollis gives us evidence to support the view that it is a well-defined and independent species, clearly distinguishable from Q. symmetrica and Q. variabilis . We discuss the high morphological and morphometric variability of Q. symmetrica and the need for molecular studies of European narrow-shelled and tubular forms, very similar to the recently described South African species Q. madibai , to elucidate their taxonomic status. We synonymise Quadrulella symmetrica var. irregularis Penard, in Wailes and Penard, 1911 with Quadrulella longicollis (Taranek, 1882).","PeriodicalId":37502,"journal":{"name":"Protistology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67888743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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