Flexible manufacturing systems offer the potential for achieving mass-production levels of productivity in batch-type discrete parts manufacturing. However, to achieve such success, a great many critical design decisions must be properly made. This paper describes a mathematical model which is of particular value in the determining of the consequences of design decisions in the early phases of planning a system.
{"title":"Analytical performance evaluation for the design of flexible manufacturing systems","authors":"J. Solberg","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268006","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible manufacturing systems offer the potential for achieving mass-production levels of productivity in batch-type discrete parts manufacturing. However, to achieve such success, a great many critical design decisions must be properly made. This paper describes a mathematical model which is of particular value in the determining of the consequences of design decisions in the early phases of planning a system.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132202418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the results of a study to investigate the value of applying sophisticated controls to solar heating systems. A residential solar heating system utilizing a heat pump operating in the series-storage mode is considered and optimal control theory is used to derive a control strategy. The basic question addressed is how much of an improvement in efficiency can be gained, relative to a conventionally designed controller, if an unrestricted control strategy is applied in an optimal fashion. The efficiency comparison is made on the basis of the amount of auxiliary energy required to attain an acceptable level of room temperature regulation. The second-order model for the system is derived using basic energy balance techniques and 4 control inputs are employed overall. The optimal control inputs are determined using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle which requires solution of a two-point boundary value problem. This is solved numerically using an iterative technique.
{"title":"Sophisticated solar heating controllers: Are they cost effective","authors":"R. Blodgett, J. Nebus, W. Trimmer, T. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267920","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the results of a study to investigate the value of applying sophisticated controls to solar heating systems. A residential solar heating system utilizing a heat pump operating in the series-storage mode is considered and optimal control theory is used to derive a control strategy. The basic question addressed is how much of an improvement in efficiency can be gained, relative to a conventionally designed controller, if an unrestricted control strategy is applied in an optimal fashion. The efficiency comparison is made on the basis of the amount of auxiliary energy required to attain an acceptable level of room temperature regulation. The second-order model for the system is derived using basic energy balance techniques and 4 control inputs are employed overall. The optimal control inputs are determined using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle which requires solution of a two-point boundary value problem. This is solved numerically using an iterative technique.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134040891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bang-bang control of certain distributed parameter systems is considered, and the relationship between these results and approximate controllability discussed. Several methods for the numerical approximation of these control problems are given, one via a modal approximation to the partial differential equation, and the other a finite element approximation. The algorithms involve reformulating the problem as a non-linear program in the switching times of the optimal control.
{"title":"Bang-bang control for distributed systems and their numerical solution","authors":"G. Knowles","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267926","url":null,"abstract":"The bang-bang control of certain distributed parameter systems is considered, and the relationship between these results and approximate controllability discussed. Several methods for the numerical approximation of these control problems are given, one via a modal approximation to the partial differential equation, and the other a finite element approximation. The algorithms involve reformulating the problem as a non-linear program in the switching times of the optimal control.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133009500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several models have been developed and iterative estimation techniques have been applied to radionuclide angiocardiographic data to measure valvular regurgitation fractions in animal experiments with controlled amounts of regurgitation. The animal model contains a known amount of regurgitation and comparison of the regurgitant fraction estimated from the mathematical models and that measured from the animal models are compared to validate the non-invasive tracer technique. Several new modifications in the two phase mathematical model of cardiac pump function are introduced and data is presented to validate the use of this technique in future patient studies. The techniqueis applicable to mitral and aortic regurgitation as well as combined valvular incompetence.
{"title":"Iterative estimation for valvular regurgitant fraction measurements by radionuclide angiocardiography","authors":"D. Twieg, L. Nardizzi, E. Stokely, J. Willerson","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268131","url":null,"abstract":"Several models have been developed and iterative estimation techniques have been applied to radionuclide angiocardiographic data to measure valvular regurgitation fractions in animal experiments with controlled amounts of regurgitation. The animal model contains a known amount of regurgitation and comparison of the regurgitant fraction estimated from the mathematical models and that measured from the animal models are compared to validate the non-invasive tracer technique. Several new modifications in the two phase mathematical model of cardiac pump function are introduced and data is presented to validate the use of this technique in future patient studies. The techniqueis applicable to mitral and aortic regurgitation as well as combined valvular incompetence.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132981526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern multivariate estimation theory has important potential applications in meteorological inverse problems involving weather assessment and prediction. This is especially true with the advent of sensitive satellite-borne passive spectrometers. which offer 24 hour global coverage. These applications include estimation of: (1) vertical temperature profiles, (2) cloud content, type, height and thickness, (3) atmospheric water vapor and liquid water columns, (4) surface parameters such as sea surface wind speed, sea ice, snow and soil, and (5) minor constituents such as O3. Typically, only a few noisy measurements are available and the problem is underdetermined. However, apriori information is available from climatology or forecast fields which can be combined with the data to yield filtered solutions. These problems are typically characterized by highly nonlinear measurements, necessitating approximate nonlinear filtering solutions. Several applications are presented. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is utilized for recursive temperature profile retrievals using remote microwave soundings from a single scanning instrument. Horizontal and vertical spatio-temporal correlations are accounted for in the model. Numerical results indicate a 10-30% reduction in rms error when compared with standard regression techniques. Another application involves recovery of cloud and surface parameters from microwave data. The iterated extended Kalman filter(IEKF) is used to estimate cloud height, thickness and integrated liquid water, and surface wind speed. Analytical measurement models, which are highly nonlinear, are found using nonlinear regression in conjunction with sophisticated radiative transfer simulations. Numerical results are presented for the IEKF, EKF and regression solutions and these are compared with the Cramer-Rao bound. The IEKF offers the best inversion method of those tested.
{"title":"Applications of estimation theory to inverse problems in meteorology","authors":"D. Gustafson, W. Ledsham","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267958","url":null,"abstract":"Modern multivariate estimation theory has important potential applications in meteorological inverse problems involving weather assessment and prediction. This is especially true with the advent of sensitive satellite-borne passive spectrometers. which offer 24 hour global coverage. These applications include estimation of: (1) vertical temperature profiles, (2) cloud content, type, height and thickness, (3) atmospheric water vapor and liquid water columns, (4) surface parameters such as sea surface wind speed, sea ice, snow and soil, and (5) minor constituents such as O3. Typically, only a few noisy measurements are available and the problem is underdetermined. However, apriori information is available from climatology or forecast fields which can be combined with the data to yield filtered solutions. These problems are typically characterized by highly nonlinear measurements, necessitating approximate nonlinear filtering solutions. Several applications are presented. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is utilized for recursive temperature profile retrievals using remote microwave soundings from a single scanning instrument. Horizontal and vertical spatio-temporal correlations are accounted for in the model. Numerical results indicate a 10-30% reduction in rms error when compared with standard regression techniques. Another application involves recovery of cloud and surface parameters from microwave data. The iterated extended Kalman filter(IEKF) is used to estimate cloud height, thickness and integrated liquid water, and surface wind speed. Analytical measurement models, which are highly nonlinear, are found using nonlinear regression in conjunction with sophisticated radiative transfer simulations. Numerical results are presented for the IEKF, EKF and regression solutions and these are compared with the Cramer-Rao bound. The IEKF offers the best inversion method of those tested.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133029592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the pole-zero structure of multivariable sytems, at both finite and infinite frequencies. However, in most present approaches there is a certain asymmetry (which we shall elaborate below) in the treatment of the finite and infinite points. In this paper, we shall indicate how the language of valuation theory can be used to give a more uniform treatment of finite and infinite frequencies and more generally of polynomial and rational matrices.
{"title":"Some notes on valuation theory in linear systems","authors":"S. Kung, T. Kailath","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267982","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the pole-zero structure of multivariable sytems, at both finite and infinite frequencies. However, in most present approaches there is a certain asymmetry (which we shall elaborate below) in the treatment of the finite and infinite points. In this paper, we shall indicate how the language of valuation theory can be used to give a more uniform treatment of finite and infinite frequencies and more generally of polynomial and rational matrices.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"36 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131856310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of a preliminary analysis designed to predict the properties of an adaptive noise-cancelling filter which is implemented using a lattice structure. Previous work in this area has been restricted to adaptive filters implemented using tapped-delay-lines. The comparison given shows that the lattice form has a time constant of convergence which is independent of the eigenvalue spread of the input data. Further, misadjustment values are shown to depend upon both filter length and the normalized adaptive step size.
{"title":"Convergence properties of an adaptive noise cancelling lattice structure","authors":"L. Griffiths, R. Medaugh","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268139","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a preliminary analysis designed to predict the properties of an adaptive noise-cancelling filter which is implemented using a lattice structure. Previous work in this area has been restricted to adaptive filters implemented using tapped-delay-lines. The comparison given shows that the lattice form has a time constant of convergence which is independent of the eigenvalue spread of the input data. Further, misadjustment values are shown to depend upon both filter length and the normalized adaptive step size.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122355176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Willsky, P. Houpt, S. Gershwin, Andrew Kurkjian, C. Greene, E. Chow
{"title":"Detection of incidents on freeways","authors":"A. Willsky, P. Houpt, S. Gershwin, Andrew Kurkjian, C. Greene, E. Chow","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127965543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The missile-aircraft pursuit-evasion problem is formulated by a three-dimensional linearized kinematic model. The formulation is valid both for the optimal control (against a known adversary strategy) and the zero sum differential game versions. Assuming perfect information the linearized kinematic model yields for both versions a solution which can be implemented in real-time for airborne application. The avoidance of a known pursuer by an evader who has no state information is solved by a stochastically optimal periodical maneuver. Other examples of imperfect information are briefly discussed.
{"title":"Recent advances in optimal pursuit and evasion","authors":"J. Shinar, S. Gutman","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268074","url":null,"abstract":"The missile-aircraft pursuit-evasion problem is formulated by a three-dimensional linearized kinematic model. The formulation is valid both for the optimal control (against a known adversary strategy) and the zero sum differential game versions. Assuming perfect information the linearized kinematic model yields for both versions a solution which can be implemented in real-time for airborne application. The avoidance of a known pursuer by an evader who has no state information is solved by a stochastically optimal periodical maneuver. Other examples of imperfect information are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129089717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several control schemes have been proposed in the past for optimal control of congested intersections but they have not been applied in real life situations partly because of the complex instrumentation required for their application and partly because they do not combine all control objectives at such intersections. Open and closed loop control policies minimizing total intersection delays subject to queue size constraints have also been proposed by the authors. All control policies, however, have the disadvantage that they are based on simple traffic models describing the effective size of the queues rather than the queue lengths. In this paper a new model is presented describing the queue dynamics at signalized intersections as a function of the demands, the intersection characteristics and the control decisions. A control policy combining the results of this model and control principles previously developed by the authors is also proposed.
{"title":"Real time control of critical intersections based on queue dynamics","authors":"G. Stephanopoulos, P. Michalopoulos","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268085","url":null,"abstract":"Several control schemes have been proposed in the past for optimal control of congested intersections but they have not been applied in real life situations partly because of the complex instrumentation required for their application and partly because they do not combine all control objectives at such intersections. Open and closed loop control policies minimizing total intersection delays subject to queue size constraints have also been proposed by the authors. All control policies, however, have the disadvantage that they are based on simple traffic models describing the effective size of the queues rather than the queue lengths. In this paper a new model is presented describing the queue dynamics at signalized intersections as a function of the demands, the intersection characteristics and the control decisions. A control policy combining the results of this model and control principles previously developed by the authors is also proposed.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129310504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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