Pub Date : 2019-08-28DOI: 10.11648/J.IJLS.20190203.13
Siniša Franjić
The energy needs of the world are increasing every day, and the state in which we rely on the energy potential of fossil fuels such as coal, oil or gas is completely unsustainable. The rate at which oil is consumed is absurd. It makes a large part of fossil fuel cakes, but for each barrel of oil which is found to be consumed eight barrel. In the era of industrial revolution, the use of fossil fuels has increased rapidly as a initiator of changes. Considering that we live in a modern society where one of the imperatives represents new ways of obtaining energy, it is time to take responsibility for own actions and explore alternate ways of obtaining energy which can be collectively referred to call a Green energy. The term Green energy refers to all renewable energy sources. These are sources that can not be exhausted and give pure energy without the harmful consequences on the environment and our health. The aim of this paper is to briefly explain to readers what the production of new forms of energy means for the whole economy and what will happen if any form of environmental pollution occurs.
{"title":"Green Energy and Environmental Protection in Modern World","authors":"Siniša Franjić","doi":"10.11648/J.IJLS.20190203.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJLS.20190203.13","url":null,"abstract":"The energy needs of the world are increasing every day, and the state in which we rely on the energy potential of fossil fuels such as coal, oil or gas is completely unsustainable. The rate at which oil is consumed is absurd. It makes a large part of fossil fuel cakes, but for each barrel of oil which is found to be consumed eight barrel. In the era of industrial revolution, the use of fossil fuels has increased rapidly as a initiator of changes. Considering that we live in a modern society where one of the imperatives represents new ways of obtaining energy, it is time to take responsibility for own actions and explore alternate ways of obtaining energy which can be collectively referred to call a Green energy. The term Green energy refers to all renewable energy sources. These are sources that can not be exhausted and give pure energy without the harmful consequences on the environment and our health. The aim of this paper is to briefly explain to readers what the production of new forms of energy means for the whole economy and what will happen if any form of environmental pollution occurs.","PeriodicalId":375311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Society","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126274451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.11648/J.IJLS.20190203.12
Karolus Kopong Medan
The present article is about the impact of agricultural land function shift on the Socio-Economic Life of Farmers in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province Indonesia. This means agricultural lands shifts to non-farmers. To obtain the data is by observation and open interview to ricefields farmers in three research locations purposely selected, i.e. Noelbaki and Oesao in Kupang regency and Waikomo in Lembata regency. The research reports that only 4,27% of the 117 total farmers interviewed experience good economy condition because the agricultural land shift. This means that they have enough capitals to create new business. This result recommends the strict regulationsand integrated controlby the goverment to maintain the main functions of agricultural land that is to grow rice and others for the farmers’ economic needs.
{"title":"The Impact of Shift of Agricultural Land Functions on Social and Economic Life of Farmers in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province Indonesia","authors":"Karolus Kopong Medan","doi":"10.11648/J.IJLS.20190203.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJLS.20190203.12","url":null,"abstract":"The present article is about the impact of agricultural land function shift on the Socio-Economic Life of Farmers in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province Indonesia. This means agricultural lands shifts to non-farmers. To obtain the data is by observation and open interview to ricefields farmers in three research locations purposely selected, i.e. Noelbaki and Oesao in Kupang regency and Waikomo in Lembata regency. The research reports that only 4,27% of the 117 total farmers interviewed experience good economy condition because the agricultural land shift. This means that they have enough capitals to create new business. This result recommends the strict regulationsand integrated controlby the goverment to maintain the main functions of agricultural land that is to grow rice and others for the farmers’ economic needs.","PeriodicalId":375311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Society","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127789768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-10DOI: 10.11648/J.IJLS.20190203.11
S. Ngubane
This paper identifies indirect colonial rule as an impediment towards recognition of indigenous authority in South Africa. Indigenous Africans have observed customary law from time immemorial in the pre-colonial era to govern its own people with success before the establishment of British colonial policies. Indirect rule treated indigenous tribal chiefs as political intermediaries, which has caused imbalance of the application of law. This policy was used as a mechanism from which apartheid emerged during the twentieth Century and changed African political identity landscape to favour imperialistic ideology. We explore potential alignment in the application of customary law with common law in our courts to mark the democratic dispensation in the post-colonial era. This paper aims to explore the implications of different legal systems used in democratic post-apartheid South Africa and which are influenced by the apartheid legacy and the failure to recognise African values and principles. The influence of western values resulted in the omission of Ubuntu humanist philosophy from the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1966 (Act 108 of 1996) (hereinafter referred to as “the Constitution”).
{"title":"Critical Investigation of Challenges in the Recognition of Customary Law in the Democratic South Africa","authors":"S. Ngubane","doi":"10.11648/J.IJLS.20190203.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJLS.20190203.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies indirect colonial rule as an impediment towards recognition of indigenous authority in South Africa. Indigenous Africans have observed customary law from time immemorial in the pre-colonial era to govern its own people with success before the establishment of British colonial policies. Indirect rule treated indigenous tribal chiefs as political intermediaries, which has caused imbalance of the application of law. This policy was used as a mechanism from which apartheid emerged during the twentieth Century and changed African political identity landscape to favour imperialistic ideology. We explore potential alignment in the application of customary law with common law in our courts to mark the democratic dispensation in the post-colonial era. This paper aims to explore the implications of different legal systems used in democratic post-apartheid South Africa and which are influenced by the apartheid legacy and the failure to recognise African values and principles. The influence of western values resulted in the omission of Ubuntu humanist philosophy from the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1966 (Act 108 of 1996) (hereinafter referred to as “the Constitution”).","PeriodicalId":375311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Society","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122264144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-07DOI: 10.11648/J.IJLS.20190202.12
Wenchuan Zhu
At present, China has become the world’s largest mobile payment market, and the mobile payment has penetrated into every aspect of people’s lives. Mobile payment is a service that allows users to use their mobile terminals (usually mobile phones) to pay for goods or services they consume. The mobile payment giant represented by Alipay and WeChat has launched fierce commercial competition in this industry. Analysis and discussions of end users’ continued use intention of mobile payment are of great importance for mobile payment companies to maintain existing markets and expand into new markets. Therefore, this study adopted an extended planned behavior theory to explore the influence of perceived convenience, risk perception and attitude of users on the behavioral intention of continuous use. This paper collected the data of 300 Alipay and WeChat users in China through questionnaire survey. Structural equation model was used to verify the proposed hypotheses. The results indicated that perceived convenience has positive effects on users’ attitude and their continued use intention. Risk perception has negative impacts on users’ attitude and the intention of continuous use. Furthermore, users’ attitude has a positive effect on the continued use intention. Finally, based on the analysis results, this paper discussed some policy implications on how to improve users’ continuous use behavior.
{"title":"Continuance Intention to Third-Party Mobile Payment Usage: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective","authors":"Wenchuan Zhu","doi":"10.11648/J.IJLS.20190202.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJLS.20190202.12","url":null,"abstract":"At present, China has become the world’s largest mobile payment market, and the mobile payment has penetrated into every aspect of people’s lives. Mobile payment is a service that allows users to use their mobile terminals (usually mobile phones) to pay for goods or services they consume. The mobile payment giant represented by Alipay and WeChat has launched fierce commercial competition in this industry. Analysis and discussions of end users’ continued use intention of mobile payment are of great importance for mobile payment companies to maintain existing markets and expand into new markets. Therefore, this study adopted an extended planned behavior theory to explore the influence of perceived convenience, risk perception and attitude of users on the behavioral intention of continuous use. This paper collected the data of 300 Alipay and WeChat users in China through questionnaire survey. Structural equation model was used to verify the proposed hypotheses. The results indicated that perceived convenience has positive effects on users’ attitude and their continued use intention. Risk perception has negative impacts on users’ attitude and the intention of continuous use. Furthermore, users’ attitude has a positive effect on the continued use intention. Finally, based on the analysis results, this paper discussed some policy implications on how to improve users’ continuous use behavior.","PeriodicalId":375311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Society","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130679787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.11648/J.IJLS.20190201.12
Jingjia Ke
As a result of the development of the “One Belt One Road” and the strategy of “Going Out” for multinational enterprises, China’s outward direct investments have grown rapidly. During the transformation period from a capital-importing to a capital-exporting country, issues of legal barriers, investment risks and insufficient investment disputes mechanism on China’s outward investment to Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have surfaced. Although ASEAN countries and China agreed on further liberalization in investment, the effects of investment agreements and Bilateral Investment Treaties on risk prevention and safeguarding investment interests have rarely been discussed and examined via empirical studies. In examine legal barriers, major investment risks, and investment dispute settlement mechanisms of China’s multinational enterprises in ASEAN States, this study selects 30 state-owned enterprises and private companies among 300 Guangdong businesses, which largely invested in ASEAN via data analyses, surveys, and interviews. Nevertheless, the obstacles in investment treatment and high political risks as a result of outward investment in ASEAN suggest that China’s multinational enterprise should start to seek multiple investment insurance either from Sinosure or the international financial institution, or advancing investment treaties and formulating a “Going-in ” strategy. The findings of this research provide a reference to Chinese multinational enterprises for the investment protection and for the launching of investment litigation of these Chinese multinational enterprises whenever it is required.
{"title":"A Critique of Legal Protection of China’s Outward Direct Investment in ASEAN – Implications of Guangdong Corporations","authors":"Jingjia Ke","doi":"10.11648/J.IJLS.20190201.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJLS.20190201.12","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the development of the “One Belt One Road” and the strategy of “Going Out” for multinational enterprises, China’s outward direct investments have grown rapidly. During the transformation period from a capital-importing to a capital-exporting country, issues of legal barriers, investment risks and insufficient investment disputes mechanism on China’s outward investment to Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have surfaced. Although ASEAN countries and China agreed on further liberalization in investment, the effects of investment agreements and Bilateral Investment Treaties on risk prevention and safeguarding investment interests have rarely been discussed and examined via empirical studies. In examine legal barriers, major investment risks, and investment dispute settlement mechanisms of China’s multinational enterprises in ASEAN States, this study selects 30 state-owned enterprises and private companies among 300 Guangdong businesses, which largely invested in ASEAN via data analyses, surveys, and interviews. Nevertheless, the obstacles in investment treatment and high political risks as a result of outward investment in ASEAN suggest that China’s multinational enterprise should start to seek multiple investment insurance either from Sinosure or the international financial institution, or advancing investment treaties and formulating a “Going-in ” strategy. The findings of this research provide a reference to Chinese multinational enterprises for the investment protection and for the launching of investment litigation of these Chinese multinational enterprises whenever it is required.","PeriodicalId":375311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Society","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116933193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-29DOI: 10.11648/J.IJLS.20190201.11
Zhang Hong
Witness for the Prosecution is a legal film produced in the 20th century. For its analysis, many legal commentators have explored issues such as “the system of tainted witness” from an internal perspective. However, this perspective ignores the understanding of legal phenomena in other fields, thereby leading to numerous doubts. By means of logical analysis, this paper uses the theory of “alienation effect” in drama to explore the reason for the protagonist’s victory: the application of the “alienation mode”. Thus, this paper clarifies the application conditions of this strategy to help lawyers play an effective role in actual trials.
{"title":"Analysis of Witness Strategies Under “Alienation Effect”: Differences with Common “Immersive” Mode","authors":"Zhang Hong","doi":"10.11648/J.IJLS.20190201.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJLS.20190201.11","url":null,"abstract":"Witness for the Prosecution is a legal film produced in the 20th century. For its analysis, many legal commentators have explored issues such as “the system of tainted witness” from an internal perspective. However, this perspective ignores the understanding of legal phenomena in other fields, thereby leading to numerous doubts. By means of logical analysis, this paper uses the theory of “alienation effect” in drama to explore the reason for the protagonist’s victory: the application of the “alienation mode”. Thus, this paper clarifies the application conditions of this strategy to help lawyers play an effective role in actual trials.","PeriodicalId":375311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Society","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125606643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijls.20220501.24
C. Adomako-Kwakye, Richard Obeng Mensah
{"title":"Too Much, Too Little: the Dilemma of Ghana’s Legal Regime for Investment in the Mining Sector","authors":"C. Adomako-Kwakye, Richard Obeng Mensah","doi":"10.11648/j.ijls.20220501.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20220501.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Society","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114208319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijls.20220501.14
Zhou Hua
{"title":"Research on the Duty of Care of Live Broadcasting Platforms from the Perspective of Intellectual Property","authors":"Zhou Hua","doi":"10.11648/j.ijls.20220501.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20220501.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122335769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijls.20210403.14
Jose Luis Bonifácio Ramos
{"title":"The Animal Issue Revisited: Tertium Genus or Subject","authors":"Jose Luis Bonifácio Ramos","doi":"10.11648/j.ijls.20210403.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20210403.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121218599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijls.20220501.13
Matthias Alexander Kedzierski
{"title":"Application of Typing and Analysis of Reconnaissance Information for the Purpose of Its Transformation into the Financial Information Administered by FIUs","authors":"Matthias Alexander Kedzierski","doi":"10.11648/j.ijls.20220501.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20220501.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law and Society","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122346974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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