Nicolas Samuelian, Céline Coussot, O. Roncin, P. Bodu
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Copyright Une occupation aurignacienne ou du Magdalénien ancien à Arpajon (Essonne, Île-de-France) ? Nicolas Samuelian, Céline Coussot, Olivier Roncin, Pierre Bodu
它是一个多学科的开放获取档案，用于科学研究文件的存储和传播，无论它们是否出版。这些文件可能来自法国或国外的教学和研究机构，也可能来自公共或私人研究中心。HAL开放多学科档案旨在存放和传播来自法国或外国教育和研究机构、公共或私人实验室的已发表或未发表的研究级科学文件。Arpajon (Essonne, ile -de- france)的aurignacian或magdalenian古代占领?Nicolas Samuelian, celine Coussot, Olivier Roncin, Pierre Bodu
{"title":"Une occupation aurignacienne ou du Magdalénien ancien à Arpajon (Essonne, Ile-de-France) ? La réponse de la géomorphologie et de la technologie lithique","authors":"Nicolas Samuelian, Céline Coussot, O. Roncin, P. Bodu","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2019.15007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2019.15007","url":null,"abstract":"HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Copyright Une occupation aurignacienne ou du Magdalénien ancien à Arpajon (Essonne, Île-de-France) ? Nicolas Samuelian, Céline Coussot, Olivier Roncin, Pierre Bodu","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116421590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EnglishThe Trifacial lithic system is a concept combining flaking and shaping, mainly identified in Southwestern France, and characteristic of the Southern Acheulean. The Southern Acheulean was initially defined by F. Bordes in the lower layers of Combe-Grenal and Pech-de-l'Aze II (Dordogne). This lithic facies was considered to be different from the Acheulean from the North of France (Bordes, 1971), mainly because of the (core-like) biface morphology and the presence of flake cleavers. Since then, the initial definition of this techno-complex has been widely debated, with particular emphasis on raw material availability and a reappraisal of the presence of flake cleavers (Villa, 1981, 1983; Mourre, 2003; Mourre and Colonge, 2007; Turq et al., 2010). The last definition of this Southern Acheulean, referred to as an early Middle Palaeolithic, mentions " the absence of cleavers (sensu stricto), the presence of bifacial shaping (sensu lato) and a trifacial concept of production and/or shaping (Boeda, 1989) associated with varied core reduction methods " (Turq et al., 2010, p. 390). Thus, the presence of Trifacial production appears to be an important criterion. Most of the time, the aim of this production is to obtain flake blanks and a tool at the same time (Boeda et al., 1990). The triface can thus be considered as a core and a tool (named combined matrix). The flakes produced are generally similar to those from algorithmic systems (SSDA). The trifacial concept was first described by E. Boeda in levels 8 and 9 of Pech-de-l'Aze II in Dordogne (Boeda, 1989). It has since been identified in several sites in the same area, such as Barbas C'4 sup, Combe-Grenal level 59, or open-air sites such as Combe Brune 2 and 3 (Boeda et al., 1990; Turq, 1992; Chevrier, 2006; Brenet, 2011). The site of Petit-Bost (Neuvic, Dordogne) is an open-air site in the Isle valley, excavated in 2001 during a preventive archaeology operation. This study focuses on level 2, dated to MIS 9/8 by TL, between 340 and 270 ky (Bourguignon et al., 2008). This layer yielded evidence of bifacial shaping and SSDA, Quina, on flakes and Levallois flaking. Tools on flakes are poorly represented, and consist mainly of side scrapers (some with Quina retouch). Faunal remains were not preserved and solifluction processes affect the layer. As a consequence, the strict contemporaneity of the lithic concepts is uncertain, even though some artefacts were refitted. Here, we performed a new technological analysis, with particular focus on cores and tools. The aim was to identify the lithic concepts used and to reconstruct the reduction processes and their production goals. Shaped or retouched tools were analysed following a techno-morphological method, comprising a detailed description of edge morphologies and the relationships between supposed cutting edges and prehensile parts. This part of the analysis is based on present-day tool repositories, ethnographical data and traceological studies. It con
此外，该系统产生了一个强大的点状工具，具有三面体形态的断面，这是更难以获得的双面成形系统。几乎所有已知的三角面都来自法国西南部，但根据文献，一些也存在或可能存在于南部的其他地区(Chalosse地区，Deux-Sevres, Ardeche以及可能在Alpes-de-Haute-Provence)。它们也出现在多尔多涅属于南阿舍利的地点，但与其他岩屑组合的成分相比，它们是边缘的。事实上，在大多数站点中，只有很少的三角形。因此，仅仅基于这种石器概念来定义南阿舍利似乎是不相关的。此外，在具有相似组成的组合中缺少三面系统可能是由埋藏过程、位点功能或活动造成的。对几个以前的藏品进行更深入的研究可能会增强我们对这一概念的变异性以及中更新世末期南欧技术复合体之间联系的理解。法国南部-西部的阿舍林子午线系列的特点是“三面存在”和“三面存在”。Le Trifacial test在概念上并没有提供防止三种导向的方法，例如生产支持，我们的方法是某些类型的三种混合物，例如最严重的熔融和负债等。Le niveau 2 de Petit-Bost (Neuvic, Dordogne)，日期du MIS 9/8，是la vallee de l'Isle的典型例子。不同的组合方式、不同的方法、不同的表现形式。矩阵唯一、生产共存，矩阵呈现单阶段去功能化、模式可操作性。有三种方法可以确定:严格负债、负债/负债和负债/负债。Selon三面结构呈现(对称、不对称)一种游戏，使游戏产品多样化。C'est toutefois la recherche d'outils任命(接触类型点或板点)是最主要的。Trifacial au sein d' one series de plein air d' one phase ancienne du paleolithic moyen de Dordogne perenne d'accroitre nos connconnances sur ce concept encore peu reunu dans les series lithiques。我同意在最近更新世的法国南部-西部系列中对阿舍利经向反射进行一次记录。
{"title":"Une nouvelle utilisation du concept Trifacial durant une phase ancienne du Paléolithique moyen de la vallée de l’Isle : le niveau 2 de Petit-Bost (Neuvic, Dordogne)","authors":"C. Mathias, Laurence. Bourguignon","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2019.15025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2019.15025","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThe Trifacial lithic system is a concept combining flaking and shaping, mainly identified in Southwestern France, and characteristic of the Southern Acheulean. The Southern Acheulean was initially defined by F. Bordes in the lower layers of Combe-Grenal and Pech-de-l'Aze II (Dordogne). This lithic facies was considered to be different from the Acheulean from the North of France (Bordes, 1971), mainly because of the (core-like) biface morphology and the presence of flake cleavers. Since then, the initial definition of this techno-complex has been widely debated, with particular emphasis on raw material availability and a reappraisal of the presence of flake cleavers (Villa, 1981, 1983; Mourre, 2003; Mourre and Colonge, 2007; Turq et al., 2010). The last definition of this Southern Acheulean, referred to as an early Middle Palaeolithic, mentions \" the absence of cleavers (sensu stricto), the presence of bifacial shaping (sensu lato) and a trifacial concept of production and/or shaping (Boeda, 1989) associated with varied core reduction methods \" (Turq et al., 2010, p. 390). Thus, the presence of Trifacial production appears to be an important criterion. Most of the time, the aim of this production is to obtain flake blanks and a tool at the same time (Boeda et al., 1990). The triface can thus be considered as a core and a tool (named combined matrix). The flakes produced are generally similar to those from algorithmic systems (SSDA). The trifacial concept was first described by E. Boeda in levels 8 and 9 of Pech-de-l'Aze II in Dordogne (Boeda, 1989). It has since been identified in several sites in the same area, such as Barbas C'4 sup, Combe-Grenal level 59, or open-air sites such as Combe Brune 2 and 3 (Boeda et al., 1990; Turq, 1992; Chevrier, 2006; Brenet, 2011). The site of Petit-Bost (Neuvic, Dordogne) is an open-air site in the Isle valley, excavated in 2001 during a preventive archaeology operation. This study focuses on level 2, dated to MIS 9/8 by TL, between 340 and 270 ky (Bourguignon et al., 2008). This layer yielded evidence of bifacial shaping and SSDA, Quina, on flakes and Levallois flaking. Tools on flakes are poorly represented, and consist mainly of side scrapers (some with Quina retouch). Faunal remains were not preserved and solifluction processes affect the layer. As a consequence, the strict contemporaneity of the lithic concepts is uncertain, even though some artefacts were refitted. Here, we performed a new technological analysis, with particular focus on cores and tools. The aim was to identify the lithic concepts used and to reconstruct the reduction processes and their production goals. Shaped or retouched tools were analysed following a techno-morphological method, comprising a detailed description of edge morphologies and the relationships between supposed cutting edges and prehensile parts. This part of the analysis is based on present-day tool repositories, ethnographical data and traceological studies. It con","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125559581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le grand pic en silex de Gevrey-Chambertin (Côte d’Or)","authors":"F. Surmely, Audrey Pranyes","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2020.15158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2020.15158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128232415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EnglishLocated on the edge of the Seine River, the site of les Herbages in Les Mureaux (Yvelines) was the object of two preventive archaeology operations, in 2013 and 2014, in advance of the extension of industrial infrastructures used by Airbus and its subsidiary, Astrium Space Transportation. The first operation included the partial exploration of a mortuary group that yielded a Butterwick-type copper alloy dagger (Van den Bossche and Blin, 2014), from the initial stage of the Early Bronze Age. The second operation focused on an occupation from the beginning of the Chassean culture. On the edge of this occupation, a new mortuary group was discovered and dated to the Early Bronze Age as well. Both sectors were strongly impacted by earthworks carried out in the 1960s to protect the military installations of the former Etienne Mantoux air base from potential flooding from the Seine. This work naturally affected the highest formations and sometimes reached the Protohistoric levels. It is probably responsible for the generalized leveling of the burial pits and the alterations of the exhumed osseous remains. The two groups each contain three and four individual inhumations. Only one of the tombs contained artifacts. Most of the chronological information is therefore based on AMS radiocarbon dates realized by the University of Groningen (Netherlands) and the Beta Analytic laboratory in Miami, Florida. The dates of the mortuary group excavated in 2014 cover a relatively limited period from the middle of the 22nd century to the end of the 20th century BC. They suggest a short-term use of the mortuary space during the transition from the end of the Bronze A1 and the beginning of the Bronze A2 in Ile-de-France and concur with the dates established for the mortuary group studied in 2013 (Van den Bossche and Blin, 2014). Due to the exceptional presence of an artifact type whose production centers are located on the British Isles, isotopic analyses of the three best-preserved burials from the 2014 excavation were also realized, as well as of two inhumations exhumed in 2013. The aim was to confront the 87Sr/86Sr signal recorded in the bioapatite of the dental enamel of the individuals in question to obtain information on their geographic origin(s). The interindividual results argue in favor of a homogeneous population for the groups identified in 2013 and 2014. The signature obtained for the neighboring sediments, on the other hand, show much higher values. These significant variations between the human and local sedimentary signals probably indicate residential mobility, though it is not possible to identify the provenance of the inhumed subjects or to determine the period in their life during which this hypothetical migratory episode would have occurred. At the local scale, clear parallels can be observed between the two mortuary groups at les Herbages. These consist of small areas covering a few dozen square meters containing a handful of slightly disperse
位于塞纳河边缘的les Herbages位于les Mureaux (Yvelines)，是2013年和2014年两次预防性考古行动的对象，这是在空中客车公司及其子公司Astrium空间运输公司使用的工业基础设施扩建之前。第一次行动包括对一个停尸房群进行部分探索，发现了一把早期青铜器时代初期的butterwick型铜合金匕首(Van den Bossche和Blin, 2014)。第二个操作集中在一个职业从chasean文化开始。在这个职业的边缘，发现了一个新的太平间群，也可以追溯到青铜时代早期。20世纪60年代，为了保护前Etienne Mantoux空军基地的军事设施不受塞纳河潜在洪水的影响，这两个地区都受到了土方工程的强烈影响。这项工作自然影响了最高的地层，有时达到了史前的水平。它很可能是造成掩埋坑普遍平整和发掘出的骨骸改变的原因。这两组分别包含3个和4个单独的遗体。只有一座坟墓里有文物。因此，大多数时间信息是基于格罗宁根大学(荷兰)和佛罗里达州迈阿密Beta实验室实现的AMS放射性碳年代。2014年发掘出的这组遗骸的时间跨度相对有限，从公元前22世纪中叶到公元前20世纪末。他们认为，在法兰西岛从A1青铜时代结束到A2青铜时代开始的过渡时期，短期使用了太平间空间，这与2013年研究的太平间群体确定的日期一致(Van den Bossche和Blin, 2014)。由于一种生产中心位于不列颠群岛的人工制品类型的特殊存在，对2014年发掘的三个保存最完好的墓葬以及2013年发掘的两个墓葬也进行了同位素分析。目的是对照研究对象牙釉质生物磷灰石中记录的87Sr/86Sr信号，以获取其地理来源的信息。个体间的结果支持2013年和2014年确定的群体的同质人口。另一方面，邻近沉积物的特征值要高得多。人类和当地沉积信号之间的这些显著差异可能表明居住迁移，尽管不可能确定被挖掘的受试者的来源，也不可能确定这种假设的迁移事件发生在他们生活中的哪个时期。在当地尺度上，可以在les Herbages的两个殡仪馆之间观察到明显的相似之处。这些墓地由几十平方米的小区域组成，里面有一些稍微分散的坟墓。所确定的太平间实践有许多共同点。所有被研究的墓葬都与原始的个人埋葬相对应，埋葬在简单的，通常是大的坑里。身体最常呈仰卧位，呈东西轴线，头部最常朝东。一个显著的不同是在人工制品中发现的，它只在其中一个墓葬中被发现。在更广泛的背景下替换这些数据，使我们能够回顾我们对法兰西岛早期青铜器时代殡葬实践的了解状况。矛盾的是，在勒穆罗观察到的少数类似情况并不表明区域太平间传统的任何正常化。即使可用的文献仍然很少(分布在23个地点的38个墓葬)，似乎也没有主导规则，无论是在死者的待遇，尸体的位置和方向，墓葬用品，埋葬方法还是坟墓的安排。尽管存在这种多样性，但与死亡有关的行为似乎已经发生了根本性的演变，趋向于更多地关注个人，并导致小型殡葬单位的倍增，这与新石器时代末期的典型模式非常不同。francaisLocalise en board of Seine, le site des Herbages aux Mureaux (Yvelines)， a fait l' object de deux operations archeologiques, 2013年和2014年。“我的首演是一场探索，一场集体的葬礼，一场古代青铜的首次亮相，我的首演是一场盛大的葬礼，我的首演是一场盛大的葬礼。”第二件事是一件事，一件事是一件事，一件事是一件事，一件事是一件事，一件事是一件事。两组分别测量三组和四组个体，主要测量放射性碳。
{"title":"Un nouveau groupe funéraire du Bronze ancien aux Mureaux (Yvelines) : retour sur les pratiques funéraires franciliennes entre 2200 et 1600 av. J.‑C.","authors":"Aloïs Corona, Benjamin Van den Bosche","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2019.15028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2019.15028","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishLocated on the edge of the Seine River, the site of les Herbages in Les Mureaux (Yvelines) was the object of two preventive archaeology operations, in 2013 and 2014, in advance of the extension of industrial infrastructures used by Airbus and its subsidiary, Astrium Space Transportation. The first operation included the partial exploration of a mortuary group that yielded a Butterwick-type copper alloy dagger (Van den Bossche and Blin, 2014), from the initial stage of the Early Bronze Age. The second operation focused on an occupation from the beginning of the Chassean culture. On the edge of this occupation, a new mortuary group was discovered and dated to the Early Bronze Age as well. Both sectors were strongly impacted by earthworks carried out in the 1960s to protect the military installations of the former Etienne Mantoux air base from potential flooding from the Seine. This work naturally affected the highest formations and sometimes reached the Protohistoric levels. It is probably responsible for the generalized leveling of the burial pits and the alterations of the exhumed osseous remains. The two groups each contain three and four individual inhumations. Only one of the tombs contained artifacts. Most of the chronological information is therefore based on AMS radiocarbon dates realized by the University of Groningen (Netherlands) and the Beta Analytic laboratory in Miami, Florida. The dates of the mortuary group excavated in 2014 cover a relatively limited period from the middle of the 22nd century to the end of the 20th century BC. They suggest a short-term use of the mortuary space during the transition from the end of the Bronze A1 and the beginning of the Bronze A2 in Ile-de-France and concur with the dates established for the mortuary group studied in 2013 (Van den Bossche and Blin, 2014). Due to the exceptional presence of an artifact type whose production centers are located on the British Isles, isotopic analyses of the three best-preserved burials from the 2014 excavation were also realized, as well as of two inhumations exhumed in 2013. The aim was to confront the 87Sr/86Sr signal recorded in the bioapatite of the dental enamel of the individuals in question to obtain information on their geographic origin(s). The interindividual results argue in favor of a homogeneous population for the groups identified in 2013 and 2014. The signature obtained for the neighboring sediments, on the other hand, show much higher values. These significant variations between the human and local sedimentary signals probably indicate residential mobility, though it is not possible to identify the provenance of the inhumed subjects or to determine the period in their life during which this hypothetical migratory episode would have occurred. At the local scale, clear parallels can be observed between the two mortuary groups at les Herbages. These consist of small areas covering a few dozen square meters containing a handful of slightly disperse","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131086585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Rousseau, Henri Gandois, Quentin Favrel, David Cuenca Solana, C. Dupont, N. Garnier, C. Guéret, Marine Laforge, B. Poissonnier, Thomas Vigneau
EnglishThe Republic site is located on the edge of a small coastal cliff at Talmont-Saint-Hilaire in Vendee (France). It is part of an extensive Bell Beaker settlement along the Vendee coast comprising of almost fifteen sites or possible sites over several kilometers. After the discovery of the Republic site in 1968 by Roger Joussaume, several archaeological excavations have been conducted between 1988 and 2015 (Bertrand Poissonnier in 1988, Jean-Maurice Gilbert in 1990, Henri Gandois and Lolita Rousseau in 2014 and 2015). Due to its geographical location, archaeological remains appear regularly on the surface or in cliff sections because of erosion. This paper is an overview of discoveries made in the last 50 years relating to this Bell Beaker settlement area (dated from the end of the late Neolithic to the beginning of the Early Bronze Age), which is characterized by a significant pottery corpus. One of the largest of north-west France, it comprises of 2044 sherds and 13.5 kilograms, at least 140 vessels. This includes 59 Bell Beaker vessels decorated with shell and comb printing, 35 cordoned vessels, two bowls and one spoon. 2 582 lithic artifacts made from small coastal pebbles and vein quartz using bipolar flaking as well as ground stone tools attest to knapping and domestic activities with several small knapping areas being identified. The site also shows some evidence of early copper metalworking including metallic slags and two possible features (although these could also have been features relating to salt production) during the early surveys and excavations. The latest archaeological excavation has shown that the metalworking took place on the site using a previously undocumented technique for the Atlantic facade, namely the smelting of ore in a furnace-vessel. Recent excavations have also provided the opportunity to make a comprehensive study of all of the artifacts, including those that have remained unpublished and to carry out use wear analysis on chipped stone tools, radiocarbon dating and analyses on cuprous elements and organic residues. The site located on the coast could be a short term and extensive domestic occupation. The geographical situation favors specialized activities such as metalworking and a possible salt production and/or subsistence on foreshore with access to lithic (pebbles, etc.), and fishing resources (shells, fish, etc.), as well as to a navigable network that has undoubtedly fostered trade. It is noteworthy that the few Bell Beaker sites with attested metalworking are located in coastal areas, with the hypothesis that copper ores originated from the Iberian Peninsula. These sites would also have been settlements as metalworking was generally carried out within a domestic context. At Republic, the main domestic area seems to lie outside of the perimeter of the various excavations, unless it has simply disappeared due to coastal erosion, the cliff face having retreated more than 8 meters in the last 30 years.
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