{"title":"Les coffres mégalithiques de Rénac, à Saint-Gérons (Cantal)","authors":"F. Delrieu, F. Surmely, Jean-Philippe Usse","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2020.15115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2020.15115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114777542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EnglishThe analogical transferring of a technological approach used in Prehistory towards the History of sciences, is a new method for the study of the everyday-ethnographic scientific practices, which uses the analysis of operational sequences (chaines operatoires) of scientific techniques. The study of excavation techniques is best suited to illustrate this as excavation is a complex sequence of the removal of cuts and fills, surfaces and volumes that brings into play archaeological deposits and the scientific know-how and skills of the archaeologists. Using the archives of Andre Leroi-Gourhan’s excavation field-school at Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne, France, 1946-1963), we aim to present a case study, which we find relevant for three reasons. Firstly, it is an important source of evidence concerning the intellectual and social complexity of humans during the transition towards the Upper Palaeolithic. Secondly, it was a locus of methodological innovation, particularly in relation to the development of excavation techniques of “habitation surfaces”. Thirdly, it provides an overview of the unreleased archives, the data remaining largely unpublished. Our case study is based on the analysis of documentation relating to the first excavation campaign at the grotte du Renne during the summer of 1949. This body of work includes a series of written documents that pertain to the entire research cycle: from administrative files and personal correspondence, working papers such as hand-written field journals and preliminary campaign reports, to the final reports and drafts of scientific papers. It also contains an ensemble of visual documents such as field-sketches, stratigraphic profiles, and artistic perspectives, as well as a series of photographic takes and film recordings of the daily flow of activities on the field. In the last three decades, the archaeological record of the grotte du Renne has been entangled in a scientific debate on the behavioural and cognitive capacities of the last Neanderthal. It represents one of the exceptional sites where fossil remains were directly linked to personal ornaments, lithic, bone, and antler technologies of “Upper-Palaeolithic-look”, and mammoth tusk and stone slab structures. Nevertheless, scholars question the integrity of such a correlation on the grounds of an alleged incoherence concerning the reliability of the stratigraphic levels and the 3D recording of vestiges on the living surfaces. The answer to the question on the integrity of the archaeological record of the grotte du Renne lies beyond the simple evaluation of the collections and other data under the light of current scientific criteria. We are dealing with a corpus of data produced by a scientific worldview dating to nearly a century ago within the socio-historical context of post-Second World War France. In order to address such questions this research proposes a historical re-contextualization of the first excavation campaign at the grotte du Renne. Reco
把《史前史》中的一种技术方法类比地转移到科学史中，是研究日常人种学科学实践的一种新方法，它使用对科学技术的操作序列(链操作)的分析。挖掘技术的研究最适合说明这一点，因为挖掘是一个复杂的过程，包括去除切口和填充物、表面和体积，从而发挥考古沉积物的作用，以及考古学家的科学知识和技能。利用Andre Leroi-Gourhan在arsy -sur- cure(约纳，法国，1946-1963)的挖掘现场学校的档案，我们的目标是提出一个案例研究，我们发现有三个原因与之相关。首先，它是关于人类在向旧石器时代晚期过渡期间智力和社会复杂性的重要证据来源。第二，它是方法论创新的中心，特别是在“居住表面”挖掘技术的发展方面。第三，它提供了未发布档案的概述，这些数据大部分仍未发表。我们的案例研究是基于对1949年夏天在雷恩洞进行的第一次发掘活动相关文件的分析。这部分工作包括一系列与整个研究周期相关的书面文件:从行政文件和个人通信，工作文件(如手写的现场日志和初步活动报告)到最终报告和科学论文草稿。它还包含了一系列视觉文件，如现场草图、地层剖面和艺术视角，以及一系列关于现场日常活动的摄影和电影记录。在过去的三十年里，关于Renne洞穴的考古记录一直与关于最后一个尼安德特人的行为和认知能力的科学辩论纠缠在一起。它代表了一个特殊的遗址，在那里化石遗骸与个人装饰品、石器、骨头和“上旧石器时代外观”的鹿角技术、猛犸象牙和石板结构直接相关。然而，学者们质疑这种相关性的完整性，理由是在地层水平的可靠性和生物表面痕迹的3D记录方面存在所谓的不一致性。关于Renne石窟考古记录的完整性问题的答案，超出了根据现行科学标准对藏品和其他数据的简单评估。我们正在处理的数据语料库是由一种科学世界观产生的，这种世界观可以追溯到近一个世纪前，在第二次世界大战后法国的社会历史背景下。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了对雷恩石窟第一次发掘活动的历史重新语境化。重建挖掘序列(chain operatoire de la fouille)需要分析文件中记录的挖掘技术表现的间接痕迹(例如，地层剖面的照片，不是作为沉积物信息的直接来源，而是作为挖掘装置、工具、程序等的间接证据)。这种分析建立了几乎每天挖掘的详细故事，以及整个操作序列的计划和3D模型。反过来，这些构成了从挖掘者的角度来理解操作的经验来源。利用这一经验基础，我们能够解释和定义挖掘者的科学目标，以及为实现这些目标而开发的方法论目标，同时在该时期的比较框架内评估他们工作的历史意义。实际上，20世纪50年代和60年代是修订旧石器时代中期和晚期石器工业的时间文化分类的基础。“近石器时代的兵种”是由来自多个本地和外国来源的多种传统带来的，这些传统表明，例如，从马斯特人的阿舍利传统来源中，解剖学上的现代人在当地发展，同时否认了上旧石器时代石器技术的发明能力，直到最后的尼安德特人。我们对Leroi-Gourhan在arty -sur- cure的田野学校所扮演的角色进行了微观历史分析，通过证明尼安德特人的社会文化复杂性，强调了它在尼安德特人行为和认知现代性假设中的作用。“居住结构”记录技术的发展是Leroi-Gourhan学派的创新之处之一。 professionalization of挖掘and The construction of戒指一般地方业余was The对口of in order to a new建筑Leroi-Gourhan’s strategy and for prehistoric利基solid institutional考古in The academic sphere during The War years to The post 1960’s, which in The development of modern“culminated ethnographic挖掘技术”。This was one of the unforeseen developments of the Arcy-sur-Cure体验at the excavation-field Pincevent学院(1964 - from onwards)。从史前到科学史的技术方法的转移，为研究科学实践的日常民族志维度提供了一种新的方法:分析科学技术的操作链。因为挖掘作业是在地上,像enchainement d’enlevements情结的面积和体积之间—来自游戏的诀窍和矿藏的性质和表现的科学家archeologues—搜索技术的研究,考古学也完全科学实践训练对于deceler作品了。考虑到这一点，我们提出了andre lerero - gourhan在Arcy-sur-Cure(1946-1963)的实地学校档案的第一个案例研究。这个案例的重要性在于:1)它是向旧石器时代晚期过渡时期人类精神生活和社会组织复杂性的重要证据来源;2)它是方法论创新的中心，特别是“民族志挖掘”的起源;3)到目前为止，还没有对档案进行全面和综合的研究，以这种方式保存的数据在很大程度上仍然是未知的。尽管在恢复古代挖掘的档案方面存在困难，但这项研究的结果是:1)建立了第一次驯鹿洞穴(1949年)所有挖掘活动的三维平面图模型;(2)对这所学校在史前实践的近代史上所起作用的微观历史分析;(a)在“辉煌的三十年”期间，当地业余爱好者与大都市走向史前专业化的趋势之间建立联盟的紧张游戏;b)现代解剖和记录“栖息地结构”技术的创新。
{"title":"Revisiter le chantier-école de fouilles d’Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne), 1946-1963 : essai (paléo-)ethnologique d’histoire des techniques et des pratiques de la préhistoire contemporaine","authors":"Alfonso Ramírez Galicia","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2019.14999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2019.14999","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThe analogical transferring of a technological approach used in Prehistory towards the History of sciences, is a new method for the study of the everyday-ethnographic scientific practices, which uses the analysis of operational sequences (chaines operatoires) of scientific techniques. The study of excavation techniques is best suited to illustrate this as excavation is a complex sequence of the removal of cuts and fills, surfaces and volumes that brings into play archaeological deposits and the scientific know-how and skills of the archaeologists. Using the archives of Andre Leroi-Gourhan’s excavation field-school at Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne, France, 1946-1963), we aim to present a case study, which we find relevant for three reasons. Firstly, it is an important source of evidence concerning the intellectual and social complexity of humans during the transition towards the Upper Palaeolithic. Secondly, it was a locus of methodological innovation, particularly in relation to the development of excavation techniques of “habitation surfaces”. Thirdly, it provides an overview of the unreleased archives, the data remaining largely unpublished. Our case study is based on the analysis of documentation relating to the first excavation campaign at the grotte du Renne during the summer of 1949. This body of work includes a series of written documents that pertain to the entire research cycle: from administrative files and personal correspondence, working papers such as hand-written field journals and preliminary campaign reports, to the final reports and drafts of scientific papers. It also contains an ensemble of visual documents such as field-sketches, stratigraphic profiles, and artistic perspectives, as well as a series of photographic takes and film recordings of the daily flow of activities on the field. In the last three decades, the archaeological record of the grotte du Renne has been entangled in a scientific debate on the behavioural and cognitive capacities of the last Neanderthal. It represents one of the exceptional sites where fossil remains were directly linked to personal ornaments, lithic, bone, and antler technologies of “Upper-Palaeolithic-look”, and mammoth tusk and stone slab structures. Nevertheless, scholars question the integrity of such a correlation on the grounds of an alleged incoherence concerning the reliability of the stratigraphic levels and the 3D recording of vestiges on the living surfaces. The answer to the question on the integrity of the archaeological record of the grotte du Renne lies beyond the simple evaluation of the collections and other data under the light of current scientific criteria. We are dealing with a corpus of data produced by a scientific worldview dating to nearly a century ago within the socio-historical context of post-Second World War France. In order to address such questions this research proposes a historical re-contextualization of the first excavation campaign at the grotte du Renne. Reco","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130455238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le grand pic en silex de Gevrey-Chambertin (Côte d’Or)","authors":"F. Surmely, Audrey Pranyes","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2020.15158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2020.15158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128232415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EnglishLocated on the edge of the Seine River, the site of les Herbages in Les Mureaux (Yvelines) was the object of two preventive archaeology operations, in 2013 and 2014, in advance of the extension of industrial infrastructures used by Airbus and its subsidiary, Astrium Space Transportation. The first operation included the partial exploration of a mortuary group that yielded a Butterwick-type copper alloy dagger (Van den Bossche and Blin, 2014), from the initial stage of the Early Bronze Age. The second operation focused on an occupation from the beginning of the Chassean culture. On the edge of this occupation, a new mortuary group was discovered and dated to the Early Bronze Age as well. Both sectors were strongly impacted by earthworks carried out in the 1960s to protect the military installations of the former Etienne Mantoux air base from potential flooding from the Seine. This work naturally affected the highest formations and sometimes reached the Protohistoric levels. It is probably responsible for the generalized leveling of the burial pits and the alterations of the exhumed osseous remains. The two groups each contain three and four individual inhumations. Only one of the tombs contained artifacts. Most of the chronological information is therefore based on AMS radiocarbon dates realized by the University of Groningen (Netherlands) and the Beta Analytic laboratory in Miami, Florida. The dates of the mortuary group excavated in 2014 cover a relatively limited period from the middle of the 22nd century to the end of the 20th century BC. They suggest a short-term use of the mortuary space during the transition from the end of the Bronze A1 and the beginning of the Bronze A2 in Ile-de-France and concur with the dates established for the mortuary group studied in 2013 (Van den Bossche and Blin, 2014). Due to the exceptional presence of an artifact type whose production centers are located on the British Isles, isotopic analyses of the three best-preserved burials from the 2014 excavation were also realized, as well as of two inhumations exhumed in 2013. The aim was to confront the 87Sr/86Sr signal recorded in the bioapatite of the dental enamel of the individuals in question to obtain information on their geographic origin(s). The interindividual results argue in favor of a homogeneous population for the groups identified in 2013 and 2014. The signature obtained for the neighboring sediments, on the other hand, show much higher values. These significant variations between the human and local sedimentary signals probably indicate residential mobility, though it is not possible to identify the provenance of the inhumed subjects or to determine the period in their life during which this hypothetical migratory episode would have occurred. At the local scale, clear parallels can be observed between the two mortuary groups at les Herbages. These consist of small areas covering a few dozen square meters containing a handful of slightly disperse
位于塞纳河边缘的les Herbages位于les Mureaux (Yvelines)，是2013年和2014年两次预防性考古行动的对象，这是在空中客车公司及其子公司Astrium空间运输公司使用的工业基础设施扩建之前。第一次行动包括对一个停尸房群进行部分探索，发现了一把早期青铜器时代初期的butterwick型铜合金匕首(Van den Bossche和Blin, 2014)。第二个操作集中在一个职业从chasean文化开始。在这个职业的边缘，发现了一个新的太平间群，也可以追溯到青铜时代早期。20世纪60年代，为了保护前Etienne Mantoux空军基地的军事设施不受塞纳河潜在洪水的影响，这两个地区都受到了土方工程的强烈影响。这项工作自然影响了最高的地层，有时达到了史前的水平。它很可能是造成掩埋坑普遍平整和发掘出的骨骸改变的原因。这两组分别包含3个和4个单独的遗体。只有一座坟墓里有文物。因此，大多数时间信息是基于格罗宁根大学(荷兰)和佛罗里达州迈阿密Beta实验室实现的AMS放射性碳年代。2014年发掘出的这组遗骸的时间跨度相对有限，从公元前22世纪中叶到公元前20世纪末。他们认为，在法兰西岛从A1青铜时代结束到A2青铜时代开始的过渡时期，短期使用了太平间空间，这与2013年研究的太平间群体确定的日期一致(Van den Bossche和Blin, 2014)。由于一种生产中心位于不列颠群岛的人工制品类型的特殊存在，对2014年发掘的三个保存最完好的墓葬以及2013年发掘的两个墓葬也进行了同位素分析。目的是对照研究对象牙釉质生物磷灰石中记录的87Sr/86Sr信号，以获取其地理来源的信息。个体间的结果支持2013年和2014年确定的群体的同质人口。另一方面，邻近沉积物的特征值要高得多。人类和当地沉积信号之间的这些显著差异可能表明居住迁移，尽管不可能确定被挖掘的受试者的来源，也不可能确定这种假设的迁移事件发生在他们生活中的哪个时期。在当地尺度上，可以在les Herbages的两个殡仪馆之间观察到明显的相似之处。这些墓地由几十平方米的小区域组成，里面有一些稍微分散的坟墓。所确定的太平间实践有许多共同点。所有被研究的墓葬都与原始的个人埋葬相对应，埋葬在简单的，通常是大的坑里。身体最常呈仰卧位，呈东西轴线，头部最常朝东。一个显著的不同是在人工制品中发现的，它只在其中一个墓葬中被发现。在更广泛的背景下替换这些数据，使我们能够回顾我们对法兰西岛早期青铜器时代殡葬实践的了解状况。矛盾的是，在勒穆罗观察到的少数类似情况并不表明区域太平间传统的任何正常化。即使可用的文献仍然很少(分布在23个地点的38个墓葬)，似乎也没有主导规则，无论是在死者的待遇，尸体的位置和方向，墓葬用品，埋葬方法还是坟墓的安排。尽管存在这种多样性，但与死亡有关的行为似乎已经发生了根本性的演变，趋向于更多地关注个人，并导致小型殡葬单位的倍增，这与新石器时代末期的典型模式非常不同。francaisLocalise en board of Seine, le site des Herbages aux Mureaux (Yvelines)， a fait l' object de deux operations archeologiques, 2013年和2014年。“我的首演是一场探索，一场集体的葬礼，一场古代青铜的首次亮相，我的首演是一场盛大的葬礼，我的首演是一场盛大的葬礼。”第二件事是一件事，一件事是一件事，一件事是一件事，一件事是一件事，一件事是一件事。两组分别测量三组和四组个体，主要测量放射性碳。
{"title":"Un nouveau groupe funéraire du Bronze ancien aux Mureaux (Yvelines) : retour sur les pratiques funéraires franciliennes entre 2200 et 1600 av. J.‑C.","authors":"Aloïs Corona, Benjamin Van den Bosche","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2019.15028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2019.15028","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishLocated on the edge of the Seine River, the site of les Herbages in Les Mureaux (Yvelines) was the object of two preventive archaeology operations, in 2013 and 2014, in advance of the extension of industrial infrastructures used by Airbus and its subsidiary, Astrium Space Transportation. The first operation included the partial exploration of a mortuary group that yielded a Butterwick-type copper alloy dagger (Van den Bossche and Blin, 2014), from the initial stage of the Early Bronze Age. The second operation focused on an occupation from the beginning of the Chassean culture. On the edge of this occupation, a new mortuary group was discovered and dated to the Early Bronze Age as well. Both sectors were strongly impacted by earthworks carried out in the 1960s to protect the military installations of the former Etienne Mantoux air base from potential flooding from the Seine. This work naturally affected the highest formations and sometimes reached the Protohistoric levels. It is probably responsible for the generalized leveling of the burial pits and the alterations of the exhumed osseous remains. The two groups each contain three and four individual inhumations. Only one of the tombs contained artifacts. Most of the chronological information is therefore based on AMS radiocarbon dates realized by the University of Groningen (Netherlands) and the Beta Analytic laboratory in Miami, Florida. The dates of the mortuary group excavated in 2014 cover a relatively limited period from the middle of the 22nd century to the end of the 20th century BC. They suggest a short-term use of the mortuary space during the transition from the end of the Bronze A1 and the beginning of the Bronze A2 in Ile-de-France and concur with the dates established for the mortuary group studied in 2013 (Van den Bossche and Blin, 2014). Due to the exceptional presence of an artifact type whose production centers are located on the British Isles, isotopic analyses of the three best-preserved burials from the 2014 excavation were also realized, as well as of two inhumations exhumed in 2013. The aim was to confront the 87Sr/86Sr signal recorded in the bioapatite of the dental enamel of the individuals in question to obtain information on their geographic origin(s). The interindividual results argue in favor of a homogeneous population for the groups identified in 2013 and 2014. The signature obtained for the neighboring sediments, on the other hand, show much higher values. These significant variations between the human and local sedimentary signals probably indicate residential mobility, though it is not possible to identify the provenance of the inhumed subjects or to determine the period in their life during which this hypothetical migratory episode would have occurred. At the local scale, clear parallels can be observed between the two mortuary groups at les Herbages. These consist of small areas covering a few dozen square meters containing a handful of slightly disperse","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131086585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Rousseau, Henri Gandois, Quentin Favrel, David Cuenca Solana, C. Dupont, N. Garnier, C. Guéret, Marine Laforge, B. Poissonnier, Thomas Vigneau
EnglishThe Republic site is located on the edge of a small coastal cliff at Talmont-Saint-Hilaire in Vendee (France). It is part of an extensive Bell Beaker settlement along the Vendee coast comprising of almost fifteen sites or possible sites over several kilometers. After the discovery of the Republic site in 1968 by Roger Joussaume, several archaeological excavations have been conducted between 1988 and 2015 (Bertrand Poissonnier in 1988, Jean-Maurice Gilbert in 1990, Henri Gandois and Lolita Rousseau in 2014 and 2015). Due to its geographical location, archaeological remains appear regularly on the surface or in cliff sections because of erosion. This paper is an overview of discoveries made in the last 50 years relating to this Bell Beaker settlement area (dated from the end of the late Neolithic to the beginning of the Early Bronze Age), which is characterized by a significant pottery corpus. One of the largest of north-west France, it comprises of 2044 sherds and 13.5 kilograms, at least 140 vessels. This includes 59 Bell Beaker vessels decorated with shell and comb printing, 35 cordoned vessels, two bowls and one spoon. 2 582 lithic artifacts made from small coastal pebbles and vein quartz using bipolar flaking as well as ground stone tools attest to knapping and domestic activities with several small knapping areas being identified. The site also shows some evidence of early copper metalworking including metallic slags and two possible features (although these could also have been features relating to salt production) during the early surveys and excavations. The latest archaeological excavation has shown that the metalworking took place on the site using a previously undocumented technique for the Atlantic facade, namely the smelting of ore in a furnace-vessel. Recent excavations have also provided the opportunity to make a comprehensive study of all of the artifacts, including those that have remained unpublished and to carry out use wear analysis on chipped stone tools, radiocarbon dating and analyses on cuprous elements and organic residues. The site located on the coast could be a short term and extensive domestic occupation. The geographical situation favors specialized activities such as metalworking and a possible salt production and/or subsistence on foreshore with access to lithic (pebbles, etc.), and fishing resources (shells, fish, etc.), as well as to a navigable network that has undoubtedly fostered trade. It is noteworthy that the few Bell Beaker sites with attested metalworking are located in coastal areas, with the hypothesis that copper ores originated from the Iberian Peninsula. These sites would also have been settlements as metalworking was generally carried out within a domestic context. At Republic, the main domestic area seems to lie outside of the perimeter of the various excavations, unless it has simply disappeared due to coastal erosion, the cliff face having retreated more than 8 meters in the last 30 years.
{"title":"Cinquante ans après la découverte : état des connaissances et apport des fouilles récentes sur le site campaniforme de la République à Talmont- Saint-Hilaire (Vendée)","authors":"L. Rousseau, Henri Gandois, Quentin Favrel, David Cuenca Solana, C. Dupont, N. Garnier, C. Guéret, Marine Laforge, B. Poissonnier, Thomas Vigneau","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2020.15078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2020.15078","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThe Republic site is located on the edge of a small coastal cliff at Talmont-Saint-Hilaire in Vendee (France). It is part of an extensive Bell Beaker settlement along the Vendee coast comprising of almost fifteen sites or possible sites over several kilometers. After the discovery of the Republic site in 1968 by Roger Joussaume, several archaeological excavations have been conducted between 1988 and 2015 (Bertrand Poissonnier in 1988, Jean-Maurice Gilbert in 1990, Henri Gandois and Lolita Rousseau in 2014 and 2015). Due to its geographical location, archaeological remains appear regularly on the surface or in cliff sections because of erosion. This paper is an overview of discoveries made in the last 50 years relating to this Bell Beaker settlement area (dated from the end of the late Neolithic to the beginning of the Early Bronze Age), which is characterized by a significant pottery corpus. One of the largest of north-west France, it comprises of 2044 sherds and 13.5 kilograms, at least 140 vessels. This includes 59 Bell Beaker vessels decorated with shell and comb printing, 35 cordoned vessels, two bowls and one spoon. 2 582 lithic artifacts made from small coastal pebbles and vein quartz using bipolar flaking as well as ground stone tools attest to knapping and domestic activities with several small knapping areas being identified. The site also shows some evidence of early copper metalworking including metallic slags and two possible features (although these could also have been features relating to salt production) during the early surveys and excavations. The latest archaeological excavation has shown that the metalworking took place on the site using a previously undocumented technique for the Atlantic facade, namely the smelting of ore in a furnace-vessel. Recent excavations have also provided the opportunity to make a comprehensive study of all of the artifacts, including those that have remained unpublished and to carry out use wear analysis on chipped stone tools, radiocarbon dating and analyses on cuprous elements and organic residues. The site located on the coast could be a short term and extensive domestic occupation. The geographical situation favors specialized activities such as metalworking and a possible salt production and/or subsistence on foreshore with access to lithic (pebbles, etc.), and fishing resources (shells, fish, etc.), as well as to a navigable network that has undoubtedly fostered trade. It is noteworthy that the few Bell Beaker sites with attested metalworking are located in coastal areas, with the hypothesis that copper ores originated from the Iberian Peninsula. These sites would also have been settlements as metalworking was generally carried out within a domestic context. At Republic, the main domestic area seems to lie outside of the perimeter of the various excavations, unless it has simply disappeared due to coastal erosion, the cliff face having retreated more than 8 meters in the last 30 years. ","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"213 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113998571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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