Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2015-3-14
P. Panarese
The article reports the results of a content analysis of 78 Italian toy commercials and 142 characters. The research aims to determine the level of sex typing in Italian television advertising directed to children. The analysis reveals a considerable difference in the portrayals of boys and girls, though more nuanced than in the past. Boys outnumber girls and are depicted in both major and minor roles, involved mostly in competitive group activities, accompanied only by male voice-over. They are dressed in various colours, are mainly in bright outdoor locations and play mostly with action figures, built games, and transportation and construction toys. Girls, instead, are still mostly dressed in pastel coloured clothes, are indoors and play mainly with dolls and animals, in collaborative interactions. They only build things in the presence of boys and are sometimes accompanied by a male voice-over. However, they are also more active, independent and in major roles than the boys. Hence, there are some differences in the representation of girls and boys compared to the findings of earlier studies. A, the portrayals of male and female characters in Italian commercials are still quite differentiated and are used to give gendered meaning to products, characters and viewers.
{"title":"Selling Gender. The Representation of Boys and Girls in the Italian Toy Commercials","authors":"P. Panarese","doi":"10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2015-3-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2015-3-14","url":null,"abstract":"The article reports the results of a content analysis of 78 Italian toy commercials and 142 characters. The research aims to determine the level of sex typing in Italian television advertising directed to children. The analysis reveals a considerable difference in the portrayals of boys and girls, though more nuanced than in the past. Boys outnumber girls and are depicted in both major and minor roles, involved mostly in competitive group activities, accompanied only by male voice-over. They are dressed in various colours, are mainly in bright outdoor locations and play mostly with action figures, built games, and transportation and construction toys. Girls, instead, are still mostly dressed in pastel coloured clothes, are indoors and play mainly with dolls and animals, in collaborative interactions. They only build things in the presence of boys and are sometimes accompanied by a male voice-over. However, they are also more active, independent and in major roles than the boys. Hence, there are some differences in the representation of girls and boys compared to the findings of earlier studies. A, the portrayals of male and female characters in Italian commercials are still quite differentiated and are used to give gendered meaning to products, characters and viewers.","PeriodicalId":37576,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Sociology of Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66792810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2015-3-4
Eugenia Roussou
Catholic Christianity, the official religion of Portugal, has always played a central role in the formation of Portuguese religious identity, offering a medium through which people could express their beliefs collectively. In the last decades, however, and especially during the recent socio-economic crisis, Portuguese religiosity is going through a process of individualization, where new forms of spirituality have become an active part of people’s everyday religious practice. Based on ethnographic field research in Lisbon, this article investigates the new challenge Portuguese religiosity has to face, while it gradually becomes disengaged from religious tradition, namely Catholicism, as it is learned through core social institutions (family, school), and moves towards non-denominational trajectories. It furthermore shows how, through this process of individualization, traditional religious webs and ties are rendered obsolete, while a novel form of spiritual socialization is developed.
{"title":"From socialization to individualization: a new challenge for Portuguese religiosity","authors":"Eugenia Roussou","doi":"10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2015-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2015-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"Catholic Christianity, the official religion of Portugal, has always played a central role in the formation of Portuguese religious identity, offering a medium through which people could express their beliefs collectively. In the last decades, however, and especially during the recent socio-economic crisis, Portuguese religiosity is going through a process of individualization, where new forms of spirituality have become an active part of people’s everyday religious practice. Based on ethnographic field research in Lisbon, this article investigates the new challenge Portuguese religiosity has to face, while it gradually becomes disengaged from religious tradition, namely Catholicism, as it is learned through core social institutions (family, school), and moves towards non-denominational trajectories. It furthermore shows how, through this process of individualization, traditional religious webs and ties are rendered obsolete, while a novel form of spiritual socialization is developed.","PeriodicalId":37576,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Sociology of Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66792859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-15DOI: 10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2014-2-2
M. Emira
This article aims to analyse the policy shifts in higher education (HE) in Egypt since World War II in terms of the key policies, ideologies, competing policies and consequences of these policies over four policy eras: (1944-1952), (1952- 1970), (1970-1981) and (1981-present). The analytical policy framework used in this article is adapted from the work of Hodgson and Spours (2006). The policy documents referred to in the analysis, where appropriate, are Acts of parliament, influential reports and strategic decisions driven by political and international agendas. Despite the policy shifts in these policy eras, i.e. from ‘education of the elite’, ‘education for all’ to ‘privatisation of education’, the analysis seems to suggest that none of these shifts has been a complete success. This might be the result of the underlying challenges for HE, which the article attempts to unpack. It concludes with a number of suggestions to develop HE in Egypt.
{"title":"Higher education in Egypt since World War II: development and challenges","authors":"M. Emira","doi":"10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2014-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2014-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to analyse the policy shifts in higher education (HE) in Egypt since World War II in terms of the key policies, ideologies, competing policies and consequences of these policies over four policy eras: (1944-1952), (1952- 1970), (1970-1981) and (1981-present). The analytical policy framework used in this article is adapted from the work of Hodgson and Spours (2006). The policy documents referred to in the analysis, where appropriate, are Acts of parliament, influential reports and strategic decisions driven by political and international agendas. Despite the policy shifts in these policy eras, i.e. from ‘education of the elite’, ‘education for all’ to ‘privatisation of education’, the analysis seems to suggest that none of these shifts has been a complete success. This might be the result of the underlying challenges for HE, which the article attempts to unpack. It concludes with a number of suggestions to develop HE in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":37576,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Sociology of Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66792954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2014-3-5
Luca Mori
As suggested by M. Foucault, neoliberal governamental form of power is a very effective pedagogical tool able to produce a specific form of subjectivity. This paper is aimed at empirically investigating this kind of identity from the particular viewpoint of drug consumption. Through an analysis of the empirical material gathered through the qualitative techniques of the in-depth interview, the group interview and participant observation, the article will explore the individual subjectivities of a number of young drug users. The focus of the analysis will be prevalently on the way in which the interviewees handle their own and their peers’ consumption, as well as the criteria they adopt to decide where the line lies between recreational drug-taking and drug abuse. The issue of drug use was not chosen at random. As it stands on the crossroads between freedom and addiction, pleasure and pain, autonomous action and neurochemical conditioning, it constitutes (as we shall argue below) probably one of the most controversial elements of the governmental culture, one that can shed light on many of the characteristics of subjectivity that it produces.
{"title":"A Momentary Lapse of Reason. Neoliberal Subjectivity and Recreational Drug Use","authors":"Luca Mori","doi":"10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2014-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2014-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"As suggested by M. Foucault, neoliberal governamental form of power is a very effective pedagogical tool able to produce a specific form of subjectivity. This paper is aimed at empirically investigating this kind of identity from the particular viewpoint of drug consumption. Through an analysis of the empirical material gathered through the qualitative techniques of the in-depth interview, the group interview and participant observation, the article will explore the individual subjectivities of a number of young drug users. The focus of the analysis will be prevalently on the way in which the interviewees handle their own and their peers’ consumption, as well as the criteria they adopt to decide where the line lies between recreational drug-taking and drug abuse. The issue of drug use was not chosen at random. As it stands on the crossroads between freedom and addiction, pleasure and pain, autonomous action and neurochemical conditioning, it constitutes (as we shall argue below) probably one of the most controversial elements of the governmental culture, one that can shed light on many of the characteristics of subjectivity that it produces.","PeriodicalId":37576,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Sociology of Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66793045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-28DOI: 10.1787/HEMP-24-5K3W5PDWKX0X
Cahterine Yan Wang
China has made huge strides in expanding access to higher education since the 1980s. The main approach to achieve mass higher education was cost-sharing reforms of tertiary education. This article examines the policy reforms that affected tuition, fees and subsidies for tertiary students since the end of the 1980s and looks at the effects in terms of equity and access. It also examines institutional responses to the various policy changes as they competed for state funds. Using relevant literature, officially published statistical data and results from the related surveys, it identifies the patterns of inequality among four disadvantaged groups. Finally, it analyses the major determinants/contributors to inequality of access to higher education including state and institutional policies and practices, and tuition-related and student-support related factors.
{"title":"Cost-sharing reform of tertiary education in China and its equity impact","authors":"Cahterine Yan Wang","doi":"10.1787/HEMP-24-5K3W5PDWKX0X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/HEMP-24-5K3W5PDWKX0X","url":null,"abstract":"China has made huge strides in expanding access to higher education since the 1980s. The main approach to achieve mass higher education was cost-sharing reforms of tertiary education. This article examines the policy reforms that affected tuition, fees and subsidies for tertiary students since the end of the 1980s and looks at the effects in terms of equity and access. It also examines institutional responses to the various policy changes as they competed for state funds. Using relevant literature, officially published statistical data and results from the related surveys, it identifies the patterns of inequality among four disadvantaged groups. Finally, it analyses the major determinants/contributors to inequality of access to higher education including state and institutional policies and practices, and tuition-related and student-support related factors.","PeriodicalId":37576,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Sociology of Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67579058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2011-3-6
A. Bonanomi, E. Rinaldi
The paper investigates teenage students’ values in contemporary risk society and what things they consider to be important to improve their future, with a special focus on materialism (measured by the importance they attach to money). Drawing from Inglehart’s scarcity hypothesis and socialization hypothesis, the paper looks at materialistic and post-materialistic values among young Europeans across two levels: at the first level, it describes general results on values and significant resources for one’s future on a sample of 2.529 European students who participated in an online survey as part of the “Pathways for Carbon Transitions” (PACT) project. At the second level, the paper discusses the results of more indepth analyses on the economic socialisation of a specific subsample of 1.126 Italian students in order to see what factors differentiate respondents’ attitudes towards money as a value and towards money as a tool (using tree model analyses). The empirical support for the scarcity and socialization hypothesis is discussed in the last section, where the importance of directing future research on specific clusters of teenagers is highlighted.
{"title":"Adolescents and money: values and tools to handle the future","authors":"A. Bonanomi, E. Rinaldi","doi":"10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2011-3-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14658/PUPJ-IJSE-2011-3-6","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates teenage students’ values in contemporary risk society and what things they consider to be important to improve their future, with a special focus on materialism (measured by the importance they attach to money). Drawing from Inglehart’s scarcity hypothesis and socialization hypothesis, the paper looks at materialistic and post-materialistic values among young Europeans across two levels: at the first level, it describes general results on values and significant resources for one’s future on a sample of 2.529 European students who participated in an online survey as part of the “Pathways for Carbon Transitions” (PACT) project. At the second level, the paper discusses the results of more indepth analyses on the economic socialisation of a specific subsample of 1.126 Italian students in order to see what factors differentiate respondents’ attitudes towards money as a value and towards money as a tool (using tree model analyses). The empirical support for the scarcity and socialization hypothesis is discussed in the last section, where the importance of directing future research on specific clusters of teenagers is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":37576,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Sociology of Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66792833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.5040/9781472552884.ch-013
Peter Mayo
This paper focuses on the work of Henry Giroux and attempts to provide a coherent overview and critical analysis of his extremely large output spanning almost thirty years. It traces the evolution of his thought throughout this period and discusses such aspects of his work and themes as his engagement with Freire's work, his treatment of social class and race, his contribution to cultural studies, his trenchant critique of the Bush Jr years as well as of the corporisation of various aspects of the public sphere including schooling and higher education, his notion and analysis of different forms of 'public pedagogy,' his contibution to a politics of Educated Hope and to the development of a substantive democracy, and his treatment of the recurring theme of the war being waged on different fronts against youth and children. Key-words: cultural politics, public pedagogy, educated hope, substantive democracy ________________________________________________________ When focusing on contemporary critical pedagogy, reference to the work of Henry Giroux is de rigueur. He is, after all, a founding figure in the critical pedagogy movement. A most prolific writer, one of whose works is recently being translated into Italian, Giroux explores resources of hope when, as indicated in a book title of his, democracy is being ‘eclipsed’ by a new 1 Department of Education Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Malta, Malta. Email: peter.mayo@um.edu.mt Italian Journal of Sociology of Education, 3, 2009.
{"title":"Striving against the Eclipse of Democracy Henry A. Giroux’s Critical Pedagogy for Social Justice","authors":"Peter Mayo","doi":"10.5040/9781472552884.ch-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472552884.ch-013","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the work of Henry Giroux and attempts to provide a coherent overview and critical analysis of his extremely large output spanning almost thirty years. It traces the evolution of his thought throughout this period and discusses such aspects of his work and themes as his engagement with Freire's work, his treatment of social class and race, his contribution to cultural studies, his trenchant critique of the Bush Jr years as well as of the corporisation of various aspects of the public sphere including schooling and higher education, his notion and analysis of different forms of 'public pedagogy,' his contibution to a politics of Educated Hope and to the development of a substantive democracy, and his treatment of the recurring theme of the war being waged on different fronts against youth and children. Key-words: cultural politics, public pedagogy, educated hope, substantive democracy ________________________________________________________ When focusing on contemporary critical pedagogy, reference to the work of Henry Giroux is de rigueur. He is, after all, a founding figure in the critical pedagogy movement. A most prolific writer, one of whose works is recently being translated into Italian, Giroux explores resources of hope when, as indicated in a book title of his, democracy is being ‘eclipsed’ by a new 1 Department of Education Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Malta, Malta. Email: peter.mayo@um.edu.mt Italian Journal of Sociology of Education, 3, 2009.","PeriodicalId":37576,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Sociology of Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781861348739.003.0002
M. Carpenter, Barbara Merrill, P. Cleaver, Inga Šniukaitė
This article explores two major themes from a structure-agency perspective. First it focuses centrally on how access to the labour market has been influenced by divisions and identities, which it seeks to examine concretely through the case study of Coventry, a city that has undergone a rapid change from a manufacturing to a post-industrial city in the last two decades. Initially the remit of the Warwick University Sequal research team was to focus on class and gender, but given the multicultural character of the city we added “race” and ethnicity, and in practice could not ignore the messages in relation to age, health and disability that were coming through our research. Rather than seek to resolve long standing debates about how class, gender, race, age, etc. relate together and which are most significant, we have simply (1) emphasized the role of class relations because there are now in danger of being overlooked, (2) taken an integrated and holistic approach by adopting biographical methods which show how these play out in the lives of real people. Hopefully, this enables to follow C. Wright Mills (1959) and link “biography and history overall”, at least at the level of the city, the major influences examined over time are structural in their effects.
{"title":"Beyond the Ghost Town? The \"promising practices\" of community based initiatives in Coventry","authors":"M. Carpenter, Barbara Merrill, P. Cleaver, Inga Šniukaitė","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781861348739.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781861348739.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores two major themes from a structure-agency perspective. First it focuses centrally on how access to the labour market has been influenced by divisions and identities, which it seeks to examine concretely through the case study of Coventry, a city that has undergone a rapid change from a manufacturing to a post-industrial city in the last two decades. Initially the remit of the Warwick University Sequal research team was to focus on class and gender, but given the multicultural character of the city we added “race” and ethnicity, and in practice could not ignore the messages in relation to age, health and disability that were coming through our research. Rather than seek to resolve long standing debates about how class, gender, race, age, etc. relate together and which are most significant, we have simply (1) emphasized the role of class relations because there are now in danger of being overlooked, (2) taken an integrated and holistic approach by adopting biographical methods which show how these play out in the lives of real people. Hopefully, this enables to follow C. Wright Mills (1959) and link “biography and history overall”, at least at the level of the city, the major influences examined over time are structural in their effects.","PeriodicalId":37576,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Sociology of Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66319069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning to Learn","authors":"Martina Visentin","doi":"10.4324/9780203078044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203078044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37576,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Sociology of Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70574812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：