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A second‐order factor analysis of critical TQM factors 关键TQM因素的二阶因子分析
Pub Date : 1998-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/13598539810196886
N. Tamimi
The quality management literature prescribes various critical quality improvement strategies. However, there have been few empirical studies that tested for the synergy or the relationships among these critical quality constructs. This study develops a second‐order factor model to test whether a set of critical quality management factors load on an overall construct that may be termed “Total quality management”. Using survey data collected from 173 manufacturing and service firms, the LISREL VII computer program is used to estimate and validate the proposed model. The results provide an initial empirical evidence of the importance of implementing the quality management strategies holistically rather than piecemeal.
质量管理文献规定了各种关键的质量改进策略。然而,很少有实证研究检验这些关键质量结构之间的协同作用或关系。本研究开发了一个二阶因子模型来测试一组关键的质量管理因素是否会对一个整体结构产生影响,这个整体结构可以被称为“全面质量管理”。利用从173家制造和服务公司收集的调查数据,使用LISREL VII计算机程序来估计和验证所提出的模型。结果提供了一个初步的经验证据,证明整体实施质量管理战略的重要性,而不是零敲碎打。
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引用次数: 101
Progress in total quality management: evidence from Australasia 全面质量管理的进展:来自澳大利亚的证据
Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1108/13598539710192593
D. Samson
States that, although there has been considerable progress with the implementation of total quality management in Australia and New Zealand over the past 15 years since it was pioneered in the manufacturing sector, there is still not a widespread acceptance and implementation of it. As a result, while the best companies in these countries are achieving high levels of competitiveness, the bulk of companies are still reporting mediocre performance in critically important areas such as customer satisfaction. Details how some of Australia and New Zealand’s leading companies have implemented quality improvement initiatives. Reports on a large survey of companies showing that on average, self‐reported measures of employee morale, customer satisfaction and the extent of dissemination of customer requirements throughout a workforce are particular areas for improvement.
指出,尽管全面质量管理在澳大利亚和新西兰的制造业率先实施以来,在过去15年中取得了相当大的进展,但仍然没有得到广泛的接受和实施。因此,尽管这些国家最好的公司正在实现高水平的竞争力,但大多数公司在客户满意度等至关重要的领域仍然表现平平。详细介绍一些澳大利亚和新西兰的领先公司如何实施质量改进计划。对公司进行的一项大型调查报告显示,平均而言,员工士气、客户满意度和客户要求在整个员工队伍中的传播程度的自我报告措施是需要改进的特定领域。
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引用次数: 28
Quality function deployment’s impact on product development 质量功能部署对产品开发的影响
Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1108/13598539710192610
M. Vonderembse, T. Raghunathan
Posits that advocates of quality function deployment (QFD) claim that it leads to better product designs, lower product costs, and shorter development times. Presents a study which aims to learn if organizations that apply QFD to product development achieve these benefits. Data from a survey of 80 QFD projects undertaken by 40 firms are used to examine these critical relationships. When leaders from these project teams were asked to compare results from product development efforts without QFD to results with QFD, they claimed that product designs and customer satisfaction improved significantly with QFD. Product costs and time‐to‐market showed only modest improvements. Benefits in time and costs may increase as QFD teams get better training and more experience. Describes the development and costing of a model of QFD implementation issues, product development outcomes, and customer satisfaction. Concludes that QFD’s implementation issues, specifically the organizational dimensions, have a significant impact on product design outcomes and resource consumption.
假设质量功能部署(QFD)的倡导者声称它可以带来更好的产品设计、更低的产品成本和更短的开发时间。提出了一项研究,旨在了解将QFD应用于产品开发的组织是否实现了这些好处。来自40家公司开展的80个QFD项目的调查数据用于检查这些关键关系。当这些项目团队的领导被要求比较没有QFD的产品开发成果和有QFD的产品开发成果时,他们声称有了QFD,产品设计和客户满意度得到了显著改善。产品成本和产品上市时间仅略有改善。随着QFD团队得到更好的培训和更多的经验,时间和成本方面的收益可能会增加。描述QFD实施问题、产品开发结果和客户满意度模型的开发和成本计算。结论QFD的实施问题,特别是组织维度,对产品设计结果和资源消耗有重大影响。
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引用次数: 59
ISO 9000 series registration to total quality management: the transformation journey iso9000系列注册到全面质量管理:转型之旅
Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1108/13598539710192601
A. Wiele, B. Dale, A.R.T. Williams
Discusses the key actions which need to be taken by an organization if they wish to progress from ISO 9001 or ISO 9002 registration to a quality award prize winners status. There is a large gap between the ISO 9001 requirements and the European Foundation of Quality Management (EFQM) Model of Business Excellence or other award models. However, organizations wishing to develop to total quality management (TQM) from their ISO 9000 series registration would benefit from studying the award models. This would provide them with the necessary knowledge and understanding of what is involved in a process of continuous improvement. Recommends that having gained this insight that they use one of the traditional and well‐recognized methods to introduce the basics of TQM, before using self‐assessment methods in earnest. Also recommends this approach for those organizations whose development of TQM is immature. In this way self‐assessment would be employed to best advantage.
讨论组织如果希望从ISO 9001或ISO 9002注册进展到质量奖获奖者状态,需要采取的关键行动。ISO 9001要求与欧洲质量管理基金会(EFQM)的卓越业务模式或其他奖励模式之间存在很大差距。然而,希望从ISO 9000系列注册发展到全面质量管理(TQM)的组织将从研究奖励模型中受益。这将使他们对持续改进过程所涉及的内容有必要的了解和理解。建议他们在真正使用自我评估方法之前,先使用一种传统的、公认的方法来介绍TQM的基础。对TQM发展不成熟的组织也推荐采用这种方法。这样,自我评估就能发挥最大的作用。
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引用次数: 90
Quality management in developing economies 发展中经济体的质量管理
Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1108/13598539710192629
C. Madu
Explores the importance of quality management in achieving global competitiveness. Emphasizes the need for developing countries to revitalize their economies through quality management practice. Uses Deming principles of quality management and dialectical materialism inquiry system to demonstrate how the practice of quality can help developing countries to improve their national economies and, therefore, compete effectively in international markets.
探讨质量管理在实现全球竞争力中的重要性。强调发展中国家必须通过质量管理做法振兴其经济。运用戴明质量管理原理和辩证唯物主义探究体系,论证质量实践如何帮助发展中国家改善其国民经济,从而在国际市场上有效竞争。
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引用次数: 33
An experimental design for surface roughness and built‐up edge formation in lathe dry turning 车床干车削过程中表面粗糙度和累积边缘形成的实验设计
Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.1108/13598539710170803
J. Masounave, Youssef A. Youssef, Y. Beauchamp, M. Thomas
Investigates the effects of the most influential cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool nose radius, tool length and work piece length) on surface roughness quality and on the formation of built‐up edge in a lathe dry turning process of mild carbon steel samples. A full factorial design (384 experiments), taking into account the three‐level interactions between the independent variables has been conducted. The results show that the following three‐level interactions: feed rate × cutting speed × depth of cut, feed rate × cutting speed × tool nose radius and tool nose radius × depth of cut × tool length have significant effects on surface roughness in this type of machining operation. Shows that the analysis of main effects alone and even two‐level interactions could lead to a false interpretation of the results. The analysis of variance revealed that the best surface roughness is achieved with a low feed rate, a large tool nose radius and a high cutting speed. The results also show that the depth of cut has no significant effect on surface roughness when operating at cutting speeds higher than 160m/min. Furthermore, it is shown that built‐up edge formation deteriorates surface roughness when machining mild carbon steel at specific feed rate, tool nose radius and cutting speed levels. Proposes a new model for evaluating the limiting cutting speed to avoid the built‐up edge formation. Finally, shows through experimentation that an increase in depth of cut would lead to improved surface roughness when tool vibration is increased.
研究了低碳钢样品在车床干车削加工过程中最具影响的切削参数(切削速度、进给速度、切削深度、刀尖半径、刀具长度和工件长度)对表面粗糙度质量和堆积边形成的影响。考虑到自变量之间的三水平相互作用,进行了全因子设计(384个实验)。结果表明:进给量×切削速度×切削深度、进给量×切削速度×刀尖半径和刀尖半径×切削深度×刀具长度这三个层次的交互作用对此类加工的表面粗糙度有显著影响。表明单独分析主效应,甚至两级相互作用都可能导致对结果的错误解释。方差分析表明,在低进给速度、大刀头半径和高切削速度条件下,表面粗糙度最佳。当切削速度大于160m/min时,切削深度对表面粗糙度的影响不显著。此外,在特定进给量、刀鼻半径和切削速度水平下加工低碳钢时,堆积的边缘形成会使表面粗糙度恶化。提出了一种新的极限切削速度评估模型,以避免堆积边的形成。最后,通过实验表明,当刀具振动增加时,增加切削深度可以改善表面粗糙度。
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引用次数: 70
An empirical investigation of the association between quality management practices and organizational climate 质量管理实践与组织氛围之间关系的实证调查
Pub Date : 1997-06-01 DOI: 10.1108/13598539710167104
C. Kuei, C. Madu, Chinho Lin, M. Lu
Assesses the relationship between quality management practices and organizational climate. This study uses two well‐developed instruments to assess the relationship. A total of 386 questionnaires were mailed to managers drawn from a list of Taiwan’s top 500 manufacturing corporations. A total of 86 middle line managers returned the questionnaires for this study. Discriminant analysis was used to examine the relationship between quality management practices and organizational climate. The result indicates that high quality‐tendency groups perceive a loose organizational structure, while medium quality‐tendency groups perceive a more bureaucratic organizational structure. Regarding people orientation, finds that medium quality‐tendency groups tend to emphasize that more, followed by high quality‐tendency groups and then low quality‐tendency groups. Also identifies the organizational climate indicators that separate high, medium, and low quality‐tendency organizations.
评估质量管理实践和组织环境之间的关系。本研究使用两种完善的工具来评估这种关系。总共有386份问卷邮寄给台湾制造业500强企业的管理人员。共有86名中层管理人员为本研究提交了问卷。判别分析被用来检验质量管理实践和组织氛围之间的关系。结果表明,高质量倾向群体的组织结构较为松散,而中等质量倾向群体的组织结构较为官僚化。关于人的取向,研究发现中等素质倾向群体更倾向于强调这一点,其次是高素质倾向群体,然后是低素质倾向群体。还确定了区分高、中、低质量倾向组织的组织气候指标。
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引用次数: 30
A statistical process control approach to process diagnosis in discrete manufacturing environments 离散制造环境中过程诊断的统计过程控制方法
Pub Date : 1997-06-01 DOI: 10.1108/13598539710167087
Kerry D. Melton, J. English, G. Taylor
Suggests that there is justification for the use of a new methodology for process diagnosis which is simple to understand and realistic to implement. The control of quality of a process typically requires that multiple process variables be monitored simultaneously. Due to the multi‐dimensionality of the data collected, process diagnosis is complex and the data often are not efficiently integrated to capitalize on the wealth of available information. A two‐phased diagnostic approach for process diagnosis and identification of suspect causes for this multi‐dimensional problem is introduced in Krishnamurthi et al. (1993). Provides an in‐depth analysis of phase two of the statistical process control (SPC) diagnostic approach. Specifically, simulation is used to generate different cause and effect scenarios to determine the effectiveness of the SPC approach in correctly diagnosing a process disorder. The analysis utilizes analysis of variance to estimate the effect of various process variables, process steps, and associated out‐of‐control conditions on the performance of the SPC approach and its ability to diagnose correctly an out‐of‐control condition. As a result of these findings, the critical means are plotted and the findings are presented. Additionally, a comparison between the SPC approach and parsimonious covering theory (PCT) is made. Concludes that for the process scenarios considered, which are of practical size, the more simple approach of the SPC diagnostic approach is recommended.
建议有理由使用一种新的方法来进行过程诊断,这种方法易于理解和实际实施。一个过程的质量控制通常需要同时监控多个过程变量。由于所收集数据的多维性,过程诊断是复杂的,并且数据通常不能有效地集成以利用丰富的可用信息。Krishnamurthi等人(1993)介绍了一种两阶段诊断方法,用于过程诊断和识别这种多维问题的可疑原因。提供了统计过程控制(SPC)诊断方法的第二阶段的深入分析。具体来说,仿真用于生成不同的因果场景,以确定SPC方法在正确诊断过程障碍方面的有效性。该分析利用方差分析来估计各种过程变量、过程步骤和相关失控条件对SPC方法性能的影响及其正确诊断失控条件的能力。作为这些发现的结果,绘制了关键手段,并提出了这些发现。此外,本文还对SPC方法与简约覆盖理论(PCT)进行了比较。结论是,对于所考虑的实际规模的过程场景,建议使用更简单的SPC诊断方法。
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引用次数: 1
The Baldrige quality competition in New Zealand: a critical assessment 新西兰的Baldrige质量竞赛:一个关键的评估
Pub Date : 1997-06-01 DOI: 10.1108/13598539710167078
M. Perry
Examines the Baldrige criteria and their use in New Zealand. Government development agencies and private industry groups have recently promoted models of best practice in business organization and strategy. Across these initiatives there is a remarkable unanimity in the version of best practice being advocated, reflecting the influence of the Baldrige Award criteria. Contrasts the types of workplace reorganization advocated in the Baldrige criteria with sociotechnical systems, German diversified quality production, flexible specialization. Argues that each of these systems offers a route to best practice in its related market and business environment. Discusses the limits of reducing workplace change to a single one of these options and managerial action alone. Presents evidence of the value of industry co‐ordinated change, including contrasting case studies from the meat and dairy processing sectors.
考察Baldrige标准及其在新西兰的使用。政府发展机构和私营工业集团最近推广了商业组织和战略的最佳实践模式。在这些倡议中,对于所提倡的最佳实践的版本有着惊人的一致,这反映了鲍德里奇奖标准的影响力。将Baldrige标准中倡导的工作场所重组类型与社会技术系统、德国多样化的质量生产、灵活的专业化进行对比。论证了这些系统中的每一个都提供了在其相关市场和商业环境中实现最佳实践的途径。讨论了将工作场所的变化减少到这些选择中的一个和单独的管理行动的局限性。展示了行业协调变化的价值,包括来自肉类和乳制品加工部门的对比案例研究。
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引用次数: 3
Selection of optimal parameters in gas‐assisted injection moulding using a neural network model and the Taguchi method 利用神经网络模型和Taguchi方法选择气体辅助注射成型的最佳参数
Pub Date : 1997-06-01 DOI: 10.1108/13598539710167096
Chih-Chou Chiu, C. Su, Gong‐Shung Yang, Jeng-Sheng Huang, S. Chen, N. Cheng
Describes how a statistical Taguchi approach and a backpropagation neural network model were devised to evaluate the effect of various parameters and identify the optimal parameter setup values in a gas‐assisted injection moulding process. In applying the Taguchi approach, an L18 orthogonal array was employed to collect the observations, and the same collected data sets, with two additional inputs, were utilized to construct a neural network model to ascertain whether utilizing such a neural network would provide an improved generalization capability over a statistical method. The effect of the learning rate and the number of hidden nodes on the efficiency of the neural network learning algorithm was extensively studied to identify what provides the best forecasting of performance measure. In addition, to verify the generalization capability of the neural model, eight different parameter setups, which had not been included in the full factorial design, were constructed for network testing. The results rev...
描述了如何设计统计田口方法和反向传播神经网络模型来评估气体辅助注射成型过程中各种参数的影响并确定最佳参数设置值。在应用田口方法时,采用L18正交阵列来收集观测数据,并使用相同的收集数据集,并使用两个额外的输入来构建神经网络模型,以确定使用这种神经网络是否会提供优于统计方法的泛化能力。广泛研究了学习率和隐藏节点数对神经网络学习算法效率的影响,以确定什么提供了最佳的性能指标预测。此外,为了验证神经模型的泛化能力,构建了8个未包括在全因子设计中的不同参数设置进行网络测试。结果是……
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引用次数: 25
期刊
International Journal of Quality Science
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