Norteamerica最新文献

This article looks at different events marking Canada’s foreign policy under Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s government. It aims to explain the origins and dynamics that have allowed Canada to take up new stances in the international arena, steering away from its traditional positions that favored multilateralism and environmental protection. A great many polemics have resulted from this, giving rise to challenges leveled at the Conservative government in Ottawa, particularly in the wake of its departure from the Kyoto Protocol or its unqualified support for Israel. Similarly, its severing of diplomatic relations with Iran has added further controversy to Stephen Harper’s administration.

This article examines the relationship between acts of violence or criminal activity and economic activity in Mexico, using an econometric time series. With estimates of co-integration and common cycle equations, it assesses whether the series share a trend and if they respond similarly to transitory shocks. The results indicate that over the long term, economic activity co-integrates with three measures for insecurity: homicides, kidnappings, and robberies. The relationship among them is negative: hikes in criminal activity are associated with drops in the dynamism of the economy. For the short term, evidence exists of a common cycle between economic activity and robbery, but not for homicides and kidnappings.

As an expression of the specificity of the multidimensional integration of Mexico and the United States, migration has economic causes linked to wage differences, as well as mutual effects. It offers a way out to a significant portion of the Mexican labor force employed at comparatively attractive wages in the United States, which in turn satisfies the demand for labor in certain sectors of the U.S. economy. This mass of workers contributes to producing goods and services in a significant number of U.S. states.

This article examines wage disparities among U.S. workers between 1980 and 2010. The author analyzes wage differences by sex, place of origin, and type of job. In general, wage differences between men and women and the native-born and immigrants persist over time and increase in both cases. There is a greater concentration of earnings among men than among women. Wage inequality increased in 2010 with the economic crisis, above all in certain groups: non-Hispanic white native-born workers concentrate more income, whereas inequality is less among jobs requiring higher qualifications.

This article analyzes the difficulties in incorporating the stipulations set forth in the International Convention on the Protection of All Migratory Workers and Their Families into the Mexican Migration Law passed in May 2011 and the regulatory norms of the National Migration Institute and the Ministry for the Development of the Southern Border and Liaison for International Cooperation of the Chiapas government. Using a constructivist, multinational approach, this article looks at the rights set forth in the un convention and Mexico’s migratory legislation, as well as the experiences and opinions of civil society organizations about these bodies’; actions in Chiapas and their limitations.

The central idea of this article is to show how the Academy, a new educational system created exclusively for young people in U.S. foster care, helps in dealing with personal and educational problems. It centers specifically on the case of young Mexican-American or Mexican-origin youth in foster care nationwide. We use the case of the Academy to study the viability of this kind of educational institution.

The United States is the biggest energy consumer in the world, accentuating its energy security priorities in twenty-first century geopolitics. As an alternative to oil, shale gas has modified today’s economic and global political scenario, providing Washington with new capabilities for redesigning its national and foreign energy policies toward innovative, self-sufficient development. The U.S. economy is highly dependent on energy resources; however, in the last decade, the shale revolution has aided it in gaining relative economic stability in a volatile global economy. Shale gas has encouraged economic development in the North American region, while raising important environmental concerns about the extraction process called hydraulic fracturing or “fracking.”

This article analyzes the relationship between exports and output using econometric multivariate time series techniques (the Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality analysis). Using an error-correction model estimate, the authors show the long-term relationship between Mexico’s exports and gdp as well as the causality between these variables. This makes it possible to elucidate the kind of trade the country carries out and the causes of its low growth over the last three decades.