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Two flint axes from Sadłowice, Opatów District, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship: Contribution to the research of the Globular Amphora settlement in the Sandomierz Upland 两把燧石斧来自省奥帕托沃区Sadłowice:对Sandomierz高地Globula Amphora定居点研究的贡献
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.2858
M. Florek, Monika Bajka
Two axes made of striped flint were discovered in Sadłowice (Opatów District), located in the central part of the Sandomierz Upland, by the Opatówka River. One of them is exceptionally large. These artefacts probably come from a damaged grave (or graves) attributed to the Globular Amphora culture.
在Sadłowice(Opatów区)发现了两把由条纹燧石制成的斧头,这两把斧头位于Sandomierz高地的中部,靠近Opató的wka河。其中一个特别大。这些文物可能来自一个或多个被认为是球形双耳瓶文化损坏的坟墓。
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引用次数: 0
Backed bladelet production among Magdalenian groups in south-eastern Poland - selected examples 波兰东南部抹大拉人群体支持的膀胱生产——选定的例子
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3016
W. Grużdź, K. Pyżewicz
In the presented article, we attempted to interpret Magdalenian backed bladelets in terms of recognizing the methods of their production. For this purpose, we studied the microblade technology, the intentional fracturing of blanks using specific procedures, including the microburin technique, and retouching. We applied typological, morphometrical, and morphological studies. We based our conclusions on the results of technological studies of 154 artefacts – backed bladelets and microburins, coming from three sites – Ćmielów 95 “Mały Gawroniec”, Podgrodzie 16, and Maszycka Cave. As a result, we obtained preliminary data on the final stages of the chaîne opératoire in the production of backed bladelets.
在本文中,我们试图从认识其生产方法的角度来解释抹大拉人支持的膀胱。为此,我们研究了微刀片技术,即使用特定程序有意压裂坯料,包括微尿蛋白技术和修整。我们应用了类型学、形态计量学和形态学研究。我们的结论是基于对154件文物的技术研究结果得出的,这些文物来自三个地点——łmielów 95“Mał; y Gawroniec”、Podgrodzie 16和Maszycka洞穴。因此,我们获得了关于生产背衬膀胱的最后阶段的初步数据。
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引用次数: 0
Flint products from a Globular Amphora culture grave in Stefankowice-Kolonia, Hrubieszów District, site 33 in the light of the latest considerations 根据最新考虑,来自Hrubieszów区Stefankowice Kolonia的Globula Amphora文化坟墓的Flint产品
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3067
Piotr Mączyński
The aim of this article is to present considerations on the technological and functional aspects of flint tools produced by the community of the Globular Amphora culture. These reflections are based on discoveries made in a box grave from site No. 33 in Stefankowice-Kolonia (southeastern Poland). During the exploration of the funerary feature, a skeleton was found. It belonged to a man in the Maturus age. The body was accompanied by an abundant set of flint products composed of five blades and three axes (including one half-product). These artefacts were subjected to a technological analysis aimed at determining the techniques employed in the production of the blades and core tools. The analysis was complemented with microscopic examination performed in order to determine the functions of the discovered products. As a result, it was stated that the grave had been furnished with a collection of blades and an axe half-product that probably had never been used. This was not the case for the other two axes. On one of them, there were patterns indicating that it had been used for a long time to process wood. The patterns found on the other one were the result of hafting only. This fact is interesting, since there are no traces of use damage on the cutting edge. It appears that this artefact was abraded (sharpened anew) before being deposited in the grave.
这篇文章的目的是提出对球形双耳瓶文化社区生产的燧石工具的技术和功能方面的考虑。这些反映是基于在波兰东南部Stefankowice Kolonia 33号遗址的一个箱形坟墓中发现的。在对陪葬品特征的探索过程中,发现了一具骨架。它属于马图鲁时代的一个人。机身上有一套丰富的燧石产品,由五把刀片和三把斧头组成(包括一半产品)。对这些人工制品进行了技术分析,旨在确定叶片和核心工具生产中使用的技术。为了确定所发现产品的功能,对分析进行了显微镜检查。因此,有人说,坟墓里有一批刀片和一件可能从未使用过的半斧产品。其他两个轴的情况并非如此。在其中一个上面,有图案表明它已经被用来加工木材很长时间了。在另一个上发现的图案只是锻造的结果。这个事实很有趣,因为在刀刃上没有使用损坏的痕迹。这件文物似乎是在被放入坟墓之前被磨损(重新磨尖)的。
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引用次数: 0
Krummesser-type knives from the settlement of the Trzciniec culture in Tur Dolny-Busina, site 3, district Pińczów Pińczów区Tur Dolny Busina的Trzciniec文化定居点的Krummesser型刀具
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3096
J. Górski, Mikołaj Orzechowski, Damian Stefański
The paper discusses four Krummesser knives discovered on a multiphase settlement in Tur Dolny-Busina, site 3, Pińczów area, which is dated from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. Until now, finds of these types of knives have not often come from safe archaeological contexts, which has fuelled discussions about their chronology. Two of the presented knives come from archaeological features linked with the Trzciniec culture, which provides valuable information on their chronology. The article presents a detailed description of the morphology of the artefacts. The geological analysis allowed us to identify the raw material. In addition, all artefacts were subjected to microscopic examination to determine the method of their production and documented traces of use on their surfaces. As a result of the conducted analysis, it was found that three of the knives were made from local raw materials with minimal modification, while the fourth seems to be made in a specialized workshop and is probably imported.
本文讨论了在Pińczów地区Tur Dolny Busina遗址3的多期定居点发现的四把Krummesser刀,其年代为青铜时代早期至铁器时代早期。到目前为止,这些类型的刀具的发现通常不是来自安全的考古环境,这引发了关于其年代的讨论。展出的两把刀来自与Trzciniec文化有关的考古特征,这为它们的年代提供了宝贵的信息。这篇文章详细描述了这些文物的形态。地质分析使我们能够确定原材料。此外,所有人工制品都接受了显微镜检查,以确定其生产方法,并记录了其表面的使用痕迹。根据所进行的分析,发现其中三把刀是由当地原材料制成的,改动很小,而第四把刀似乎是在专业车间制造的,可能是进口的。
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引用次数: 0
Micro-regional variants of the flint knapping traditions in the Late Neolithic from the perspective of Prokopiak's Mount 从普罗科皮亚克山看新石器时代晚期打火石传统的微观区域变异
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3049
L. Domańska
The distinctive sandy structure of Prokopiak’s Mount in Opatowice stands out from the surrounding black soils of the Kujawy Upland, and therefore attracted the interest among the Late Neolithic communities of the region. A program of comprehensive archaeological research was conducted here in 1985-1998, eleven sites were  investigated and the materials obtained from five of them were published. These sites all produced rich flint assemblages.Three of these assemblages, being relatively homogeneous, (Opatowice 33, 36 and 42), were selected for research on the formation of local traditions of flint production in the Late Neolithic in Kujawy. The presented assemblages cover the entire chronological span from3650 BC to 2600 BC. And chronologically correspond to the classic Wiórek horizon (Opatowice 33), the Luboń-Radziejów horizon (Opatowice 42) and the classic GAC horizon (Opatowice 36).
Opatowice的Prokopiak山独特的沙质结构从Kujawy高地周围的黑色土壤中脱颖而出,因此吸引了该地区新石器时代晚期社区的兴趣。1985-1998年,在这里进行了一项全面的考古研究,调查了11个遗址,并公布了从其中5个遗址获得的材料。这些遗址都产生了丰富的燧石组合。其中三个相对同质的组合(Opatowice 33、36和42)被选择用于研究Kujawy新石器时代晚期当地燧石生产传统的形成。所展示的组合涵盖了从公元前3650年到公元前2600年的整个时间跨度。按时间顺序对应于经典的Wiórek地平线(Opatowice 33)、Luboń-Radziejów地平线(Opetowice 42)和经典的GAC地平线(Opotowice 36)。
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引用次数: 0
New insights into the use of “imported” flint raw materials in the younger phases of the Funnel Beaker culture in the Starogard Lake District 在斯塔洛加德湖区漏斗烧杯文化的年轻阶段,对使用“进口”燧石原料的新见解
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.2984
Jolanta Małecka-Kukawka, S. Kukawka, Kamil Adamczak
In recent years, the region of Starogard Lake District in northern Poland has seen a growing interest in the Funnel Beaker culture, including the research on local flintworking, which has fed the discussion on the traffic in “exotic” flint in the younger phases of the Funnel Beaker settlement in the region (3650-3100 calBC). In this study, lithic assemblages from the Starogard Lake District are screened for “imported” flint artefacts to determine the parent rock material used for their production and monitor their frequencies in the local assemblages. By exploring the use-wear analysis results, we also investigate the production and consumption patterns of the local and “imported” flint artefacts from the Chełmno land and the Starogard Lake District. The obtained results were confronted with comparative data from other parts of the Eastern Group and confirming the marginal position of the Eastern Pomerania region in the “exotic” flint trading network during the Funnel Beaker era in Poland.
近年来,波兰北部的斯塔洛加德湖区地区对漏斗烧杯文化的兴趣日益浓厚,包括对当地燧石加工的研究,这为该地区漏斗烧杯定居时期(公元前3650-3100 calBC)“外来”燧石的交易提供了讨论。在本研究中,对来自Starogard湖区的岩石组合进行了筛选,以寻找“进口”的燧石人工制品,以确定其生产所用的母岩材料,并监测其在当地组合中的频率。通过对使用磨损分析结果的探索,我们还研究了来自Chełmno土地和Starogard湖区的本地和“进口”燧石制品的生产和消费模式。所获得的结果与来自东部集团其他部分的比较数据进行了比较,并证实了东波美拉尼亚地区在波兰漏斗烧杯时代的“外来”燧石贸易网络中的边缘地位。
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引用次数: 0
Eastern periphery of the Magdalenian world. Wierzawice 31 hunting campsite (SE Poland) 抹大拉世界的东部边缘。Wierzawice 31狩猎营地(波兰东南部)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.2913
D. Bobak, M. Łanczont, A. Nowak, P. Mroczek, M. Połtowicz-Bobak, K. Standzikowski
Wierzawice 31 site is one of the easternmost Magdalenian sites, situated in the south-eastern corner of the Kolbuszowa Plateau surrounded, to the east, by the broad San River valley and, on the south, by the sub-Carpathian ice-marginal valley. This archaeological site lies in an area with surface deposits developed as periglacial stratified silty-sandy sediments about 10 m thick, adjoined in the NW by an isolated patch of loess of the island type. The lithic artefacts occur in a small area of about 40 sqm, with the main concentration of artefacts centred around the focus. Almost 70% of the tools are hunting weapon elements. Both technology and tool typology are typical for Magdalenian assemblages. Absolute dating (14C and TL) indicates a very young, Allerød age for the site. The raw materials used indicate connections with the northern part of the Sandomierz Upland. Imports of “Volhynian flint” suggest possible contacts with areas beyond the limits of the Magdalenian range.
Wierzawice 31遗址是马格达莱尼亚最东端的遗址之一,位于Kolbuszowa高原的东南角,东面环绕着广阔的San River河谷,南面是次喀尔巴阡山脉边缘的冰谷。这个考古遗址所在的地区表面沉积为冰缘层状粉砂质沉积物,厚度约为10米,在西北方向与孤立的岛型黄土相连。石器人工制品出现在一个大约40平方米的小区域,人工制品的主要集中在焦点周围。几乎70%的工具都是狩猎武器。技术和工具类型都是典型的马格达莱纳组合。绝对测年(14C和TL)表明该遗址的年龄非常年轻。所用的原料表明与桑多梅日高地北部有关。进口的“Volhynian燧石”表明可能与马格达莱纳时期范围以外的地区有接触。
{"title":"Eastern periphery of the Magdalenian world. Wierzawice 31 hunting campsite (SE Poland)","authors":"D. Bobak, M. Łanczont, A. Nowak, P. Mroczek, M. Połtowicz-Bobak, K. Standzikowski","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.2913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.2913","url":null,"abstract":"Wierzawice 31 site is one of the easternmost Magdalenian sites, situated in the south-eastern corner of the Kolbuszowa Plateau surrounded, to the east, by the broad San River valley and, on the south, by the sub-Carpathian ice-marginal valley. This archaeological site lies in an area with surface deposits developed as periglacial stratified silty-sandy sediments about 10 m thick, adjoined in the NW by an isolated patch of loess of the island type. The lithic artefacts occur in a small area of about 40 sqm, with the main concentration of artefacts centred around the focus. Almost 70% of the tools are hunting weapon elements. Both technology and tool typology are typical for Magdalenian assemblages. Absolute dating (14C and TL) indicates a very young, Allerød age for the site. The raw materials used indicate connections with the northern part of the Sandomierz Upland. Imports of “Volhynian flint” suggest possible contacts with areas beyond the limits of the Magdalenian range.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47090590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flints of the Chełm Hills (Rejowiec flints) – origin, sedimentation environment and exploitation in prehistory – a case study from the Lechówka site Chełm山的燧石——起源、沉积环境和史前开采——以Lechówka遗址为例
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3110
R. Dobrowolski, Sławomir Terpiłowski, M. Szeliga, Tadeusz Wiśniewski
Rejowiec flint from the Chełm Hills occur among glacigenic sediments of the Odranian glaciation and is referred to as erratic flints. The authors, based on the analysis of the sedimentary succession of a kame in Lechówka – within the boundaries of the largest outcrop, in so-called ‘Region I’ (Rejowiec region) – indicate that: (1) the probable source of the flints were older series of glacigenic sediments – from before the Odranian glaciation, (2) their great accumulation directly under the surface and – as a result – their considerable accessibility for exploitation in prehistory were caused by the ‘upfreezing of stones’ in the conditions of a periglacial environment during successive glacial periods (Odranian, Wartanian and Vistulian glaciations). The analysis of archaeological data confirmed the use of the local flints as early as in the Middle Palaeolithic and their most intense exploitation during two main periods – the final stage of the Palaeolithic and a period from the Late Neolithic to the Early Iron Age.
来自Chełm山的雷韦茨燧石出现在奥德兰冰川的冰川沉积物中,被称为不稳定燧石。作者根据对Lechówka地区(在所谓的“I区”(regiwiec地区)最大露头的边界内)一个kame的沉积演序的分析表明:(1)燧石的可能来源是更古老的冰期沉积物系列——来自奥德良冰期之前;(2)它们在地表下的大量堆积,因此在史前时期它们相当容易被开采,这是由连续冰期(奥德良、瓦塔尼亚和维斯图良冰期)冰周环境条件下的“石头上冻”造成的。对考古数据的分析证实,早在旧石器时代中期就开始使用当地的燧石,并且在两个主要时期——旧石器时代的最后阶段和新石器时代晚期到早期铁器时代——它们的开采最为激烈。
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引用次数: 0
Obvious non-obviousness. Bifacial sickles of striped flint 明显的非显而易见的。条纹燧石双面镰刀
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3028
W. Migal
The article presents results of refittings of two half-products of bifacial sickles made from banded flint. Theseitems are typical for the Mierzanowice culture but usually had been made from different kind of raw material. Banded flint was extracted in the Borownia mine and used mainly for the production of bifacial axes. Nine kilometers away from site is Ożarów where production was focused on sickles made from Turonian flint. Banded flint is very difficult to work with and is unlikely to be suitable for the production of thin bifaces. To deal with that and make more elaborate product such as sickles, the flintknappers in Borownia used only a certain part of raw material just underneath the cortex layer. Although the presented sickles seem to by something extraordinary when it comes to selection of raw material they don’t contradict the relation between the physical properties of flints and the types of tools known from Mierzanowice culture.
本文介绍了由带状燧石制成的双面镰刀的两个半成品的改装结果。这些陶器是米尔扎诺维奇文化的典型代表,但通常是由不同种类的原材料制成的。带状燧石是在Borownia矿提取的,主要用于生产双面斧头。距离现场9公里的是Ożarów,生产的重点是用土仑燧石制成的镰刀。带状燧石很难加工,不太可能适用于生产薄的双平面。为了解决这一问题,并生产更精细的产品,如镰刀,Borownia的燧发枪只使用了皮层下的特定部分原材料。尽管在原材料的选择方面,所展示的镰刀似乎与众不同,但它们与燧石的物理特性和米尔扎诺维奇文化中已知的工具类型之间的关系并不矛盾。
{"title":"Obvious non-obviousness. Bifacial sickles of striped flint","authors":"W. Migal","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3028","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents results of refittings of two half-products of bifacial sickles made from banded flint. Theseitems are typical for the Mierzanowice culture but usually had been made from different kind of raw material. Banded flint was extracted in the Borownia mine and used mainly for the production of bifacial axes. Nine kilometers away from site is Ożarów where production was focused on sickles made from Turonian flint. Banded flint is very difficult to work with and is unlikely to be suitable for the production of thin bifaces. To deal with that and make more elaborate product such as sickles, the flintknappers in Borownia used only a certain part of raw material just underneath the cortex layer. Although the presented sickles seem to by something extraordinary when it comes to selection of raw material they don’t contradict the relation between the physical properties of flints and the types of tools known from Mierzanowice culture.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47681179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kamenets-Podolskiy (Tatarysky) in the Middle Tripolye flint networks of Forest-Steppe Ukraine 卡梅涅茨-波多尔斯基(Tatarysky)在森林-草原乌克兰中部的黎波里燧石网络
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.2981
I. Sobkowiak-Tabaka, Bernardeta Kufel-Diakowska, A. Diachenko
The paper presents results of technological, typological, raw material and use-wear analyses of stone assemblage from the Kamenets-Podolskiy (Tatarysky) site, dated to 3950-3900 BC (the late Tripolye BII). The assemblage is presented against a broad comparative background of sites from Forest-Steppe Ukraine. Flint processing focused on blades production, intended subsequently for the making of tools, produced of good quality of raw material (mainly of Turonian Age). However, preferences in the use of raw material changed, depending on the region and the site.
本文介绍了公元前3950-3900年Kamenets Podolskiy(Tatarysky)遗址(Tripolye BII晚期)石头组合的技术、类型学、原材料和使用磨损分析结果。该组合是在乌克兰森林草原遗址的广泛比较背景下呈现的。弗林特加工专注于刀片生产,随后用于制造工具,生产的原材料质量良好(主要是土仑时代)。然而,根据地区和地点的不同,对原材料使用的偏好发生了变化。
{"title":"Kamenets-Podolskiy (Tatarysky) in the Middle Tripolye flint networks of Forest-Steppe Ukraine","authors":"I. Sobkowiak-Tabaka, Bernardeta Kufel-Diakowska, A. Diachenko","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.2981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.2981","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents results of technological, typological, raw material and use-wear analyses of stone assemblage from the Kamenets-Podolskiy (Tatarysky) site, dated to 3950-3900 BC (the late Tripolye BII). The assemblage is presented against a broad comparative background of sites from Forest-Steppe Ukraine. Flint processing focused on blades production, intended subsequently for the making of tools, produced of good quality of raw material (mainly of Turonian Age). However, preferences in the use of raw material changed, depending on the region and the site.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46869451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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