Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.2992
Anka Zakościelna
Remains of a monumental structure linked with the Funnel Beaker culture were discovered in Strzeszkowice Duże (Lublin District, Poland) during a rescue excavation carried out prior to investment works (building expressway S19 from Lublin to Kraśnik). The structure did not contain any burial chamber or burial. In one of ditches forming the outline of the construction, there was a hoard of nine artefacts made of Świeciechów flint.
{"title":"Prepared/abandoned/symbolic? – a monumental grave of the Funnel Beaker culture from Site 3 in Strzeszkowice Duże, Lublin District","authors":"Anka Zakościelna","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.2992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.2992","url":null,"abstract":"Remains of a monumental structure linked with the Funnel Beaker culture were discovered in Strzeszkowice Duże (Lublin District, Poland) during a rescue excavation carried out prior to investment works (building expressway S19 from Lublin to Kraśnik). The structure did not contain any burial chamber or burial. In one of ditches forming the outline of the construction, there was a hoard of nine artefacts made of Świeciechów flint. ","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41705830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3015
M. Szubski, J. Niebylski, W. Grużdź, M. Jakubczak, J. Budziszewski
We know that on the Polish territories that belonged to Austrian and Russian Empires, from the second partof the 18th till the 19th centuries, gunflint workshops were operating. One of the workshop centres were situatedin the Kraków region (southern Poland) and others were located in the regions of Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukraine,former Austrian monarchy) and Kremenets (Ukraine, former Russian monarchy). The number of workshops,the quantity of products and their export gave them significance on a European scale. We used several methodsto preliminary investigate the area near Kraków using LiDAR and field verification. We analysis three modernflint mines in this region – Zelków, Karniowice and Mników which have preserved anthropogenic relief andwell-preserved flint workshops on the surface. Flints obtained during field verification (studies included a setof cores and technological blanks) were analyzed. Our efforts allowed us to attempt to recreate the chaîne opératoirefor Polish gunflint workshops as well to determine differences between particular sites.
{"title":"Modern flint mining landscapes and flint knapping evidence from the Kraków Gunflint Production Centre – What we know from LiDAR and field survey","authors":"M. Szubski, J. Niebylski, W. Grużdź, M. Jakubczak, J. Budziszewski","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3015","url":null,"abstract":"We know that on the Polish territories that belonged to Austrian and Russian Empires, from the second partof the 18th till the 19th centuries, gunflint workshops were operating. One of the workshop centres were situatedin the Kraków region (southern Poland) and others were located in the regions of Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukraine,former Austrian monarchy) and Kremenets (Ukraine, former Russian monarchy). The number of workshops,the quantity of products and their export gave them significance on a European scale. We used several methodsto preliminary investigate the area near Kraków using LiDAR and field verification. We analysis three modernflint mines in this region – Zelków, Karniowice and Mników which have preserved anthropogenic relief andwell-preserved flint workshops on the surface. Flints obtained during field verification (studies included a setof cores and technological blanks) were analyzed. Our efforts allowed us to attempt to recreate the chaîne opératoirefor Polish gunflint workshops as well to determine differences between particular sites.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48257592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3055
P. Jarosz, Mirosław Mazurek, A. Szczepanek
The article describes a small cemetery of the Mierzanowice culture discovered at site 42 in Rozbórz, Przeworsk district, Podkarpackie Voivodship. The necropolis analysed is an example of the diversity of funeral rituals in the area between the Vistula and San rivers in the early Bronze Age. The analysis of the graves’ inventories enabled them to be connected with at least two phases of the cemetery’s utilisation. They can be synchronized with the early (features 668, 1891, 1978, 3141) and classical or late (1834, 2003, 2005) phases of the Mierzanowice culture. The strontium isotopes analyses performed on two individuals indicate that they spent their childhood in the area of the Rzeszów Foothills.
{"title":"The funeral rite of the Mierzanowice Culture in the Vistula and San river basins – graves from Rozbórz, Przeworsk district","authors":"P. Jarosz, Mirosław Mazurek, A. Szczepanek","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3055","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes a small cemetery of the Mierzanowice culture discovered at site 42 in Rozbórz, Przeworsk district, Podkarpackie Voivodship. The necropolis analysed is an example of the diversity of funeral rituals in the area between the Vistula and San rivers in the early Bronze Age. The analysis of the graves’ inventories enabled them to be connected with at least two phases of the cemetery’s utilisation. They can be synchronized with the early (features 668, 1891, 1978, 3141) and classical or late (1834, 2003, 2005) phases of the Mierzanowice culture. The strontium isotopes analyses performed on two individuals indicate that they spent their childhood in the area of the Rzeszów Foothills.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47131573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3010
J. Baron, Aleksandra Hrynkiewicz-Bogenryter
We analysed a small collection of three arrowheads and one piece of spearhead. They were made of flint and metal andcome from the Bronze and Early Iron Age settlement at Ruszowice in today SW Poland. Although only one comesfrom a settlement pit, we argue they were used by the community occupying the site at the beginning of the Urnfieldperiod which starts around 1300 BC. All four objects bear clear traces of use including hafting and sharpening provingthey use in every-day life.
{"title":"Flint and bronze spear and arrowheads from the Bronze and Iron Age settlement at Ruszowice in SW Poland","authors":"J. Baron, Aleksandra Hrynkiewicz-Bogenryter","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3010","url":null,"abstract":"We analysed a small collection of three arrowheads and one piece of spearhead. They were made of flint and metal andcome from the Bronze and Early Iron Age settlement at Ruszowice in today SW Poland. Although only one comesfrom a settlement pit, we argue they were used by the community occupying the site at the beginning of the Urnfieldperiod which starts around 1300 BC. All four objects bear clear traces of use including hafting and sharpening provingthey use in every-day life. ","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44567350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3009
A. Přichystal, J. M. Burdukiewicz, A. Wiśniewski
Until recently it was thought that all the erratic flints found at the Stone Age sites in the upper part of the Odra Valley were considered as silicites from the Baltic Sea. Their age of Baltic flints is associated with the Cretaceous, more precisely with the Maastrichtian or Palaeogene. However, it turns out that among these rocks, there are also silicites that are of different age and origin. They were first found in outcrops of sands and gravels around Opole-Groszowice, SW Poland. So far, these flints have not been distinguished in archaeological assemblages. Petrographic analysis presented in this article proves that these silicites of brown colour are of Jurassic age. They entered the glacial sediments via the lobes of the Drenthe glaciation. They were used in the same way as raw materials of Baltic origin. In this paper we show some examples of Palaeolithic and younger sites, where artifacts made of brown silicite occurred. In the past, these kind of flints from this region were often regarded as imports from the Kraków-Częstochowa Plateau.
{"title":"Silicite („flint”) from Opole-Groszowice: Contribution to recognition of the raw materials used during prehistory in the Odra River valley","authors":"A. Přichystal, J. M. Burdukiewicz, A. Wiśniewski","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3009","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently it was thought that all the erratic flints found at the Stone Age sites in the upper part of the Odra Valley were considered as silicites from the Baltic Sea. Their age of Baltic flints is associated with the Cretaceous, more precisely with the Maastrichtian or Palaeogene. However, it turns out that among these rocks, there are also silicites that are of different age and origin. They were first found in outcrops of sands and gravels around Opole-Groszowice, SW Poland. So far, these flints have not been distinguished in archaeological assemblages.\u0000Petrographic analysis presented in this article proves that these silicites of brown colour are of Jurassic age. They entered the glacial sediments via the lobes of the Drenthe glaciation. They were used in the same way as raw materials of Baltic origin. In this paper we show some examples of Palaeolithic and younger sites, where artifacts made of brown silicite occurred. In the past, these kind of flints from this region were often regarded as imports from the Kraków-Częstochowa Plateau.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43641816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3051
S. Kadrow, Anka Zakościelna
The technique of trough retouch played a key role in the Lublin-Volhynia culture as the most expressive technology of co-shaping the edges of flint tools. An important role is played by the so-called retouched blade-daggers, produced using this retouching technique. They werepart of the equipment for the graves of men considered to be members of the local elite.They appeared in a similar context only in the early Eneolithic Skelya culture in the Black Sea steppes and are dated from at least 4500 to 4100 BC. Specimens from the steppes must have been a source and act as a model for imitation in the production of analogous artefacts in the latter culture. The lack of retouched blade-daggers in Trypillia and Malice culture proves that the Lublin-Volhynia culture population took them directly from the Skelya culture. This adaptation took place no later than 4100 BC, when the Lublin-Volhynia culture population already had their own elite, ready to use retouched blade-daggers.
{"title":"The origin of the trough retouch in the Lublin-Volhynian culture","authors":"S. Kadrow, Anka Zakościelna","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3051","url":null,"abstract":"The technique of trough retouch played a key role in the Lublin-Volhynia culture as the most expressive technology of co-shaping the edges of flint tools. An important role is played by the so-called retouched blade-daggers, produced using this retouching technique. They werepart of the equipment for the graves of men considered to be members of the local elite.They appeared in a similar context only in the early Eneolithic Skelya culture in the Black Sea steppes and are dated from at least 4500 to 4100 BC. Specimens from the steppes must have been a source and act as a model for imitation in the production of analogous artefacts in the latter culture. The lack of retouched blade-daggers in Trypillia and Malice culture proves that the Lublin-Volhynia culture population took them directly from the Skelya culture. This adaptation took place no later than 4100 BC, when the Lublin-Volhynia culture population already had their own elite, ready to use retouched blade-daggers.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46435318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3072
P. Chachlikowski
This article focuses on a section of studies on the Globular Amphorae Culture (GAC) stone production in Kuyavia. The source materials from this area provide evidence of heretofore unknown activity of stone workers of this culture engaged in production of adzes that copied the forms typical of Late Band Pottery Culture. The resulting observations challenge the view that GAC communities did not produce stone adzes of their own, but allegedly restricted themselves only to using ready-made adzes of other Neolithic cultures. The sources under discussion also provide documented information on an innovative contribution of Kuyavian GAC stone workers in the assortment of tool products. This assortment includes polishing plates with the shapes and dimensions that essentially differentiated them from the corresponding tools used in the area in the Neolithic. Nevertheless, the claim that the local GAC communities did not produce type of the stone adze that would be characteristic of their own still remains as valid as ever.
{"title":"Between the use, copying and innovation. A contribution to the studies on the stone tool industry in Neolithic societies of the Globular Amphora Culture in the Polish Lowland (Kuyavia)","authors":"P. Chachlikowski","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3072","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on a section of studies on the Globular Amphorae Culture (GAC) stone production in Kuyavia. The source materials from this area provide evidence of heretofore unknown activity of stone workers of this culture engaged in production of adzes that copied the forms typical of Late Band Pottery Culture. The resulting observations challenge the view that GAC communities did not produce stone adzes of their own, but allegedly restricted themselves only to using ready-made adzes of other Neolithic cultures. The sources under discussion also provide documented information on an innovative contribution of Kuyavian GAC stone workers in the assortment of tool products. This assortment includes polishing plates with the shapes and dimensions that essentially differentiated them from the corresponding tools used in the area in the Neolithic. Nevertheless, the claim that the local GAC communities did not produce type of the stone adze that would be characteristic of their own still remains as valid as ever.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48777534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3073
B. Sałacińska, Sławomir Sałaciński
The analysis of the Middle and Late Neolithic settlement pattern confirms the thesis of the significant role of the middle Kamienna river basin in the region of the Sandomierz Upland and the Iłża Forehills as the settlement base for banded flint mines in the area of Krzemionki Opatowskie. Some of the settlements of the Funnel Beaker culture located in the northern and central part of the Sandomierz Upland could be related to exploitation and processing of the: banded and the Świeciechów flint raw materials. The area of the right-bank tributaries of the Kamienna river is considered a settlement base for the prehistoric banded flint mines of the Globular Amphora culture. The surface survey and test excavation carried out in the middle course of the Kamienna river in the Iłża Forehills, as well as archaeological excavations in the mining field, showed the existence of quite numerous sites from the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.
{"title":"Settlement base of the Neolithic banded flint mines in Krzemionki Opatowskie – an outline of the issues","authors":"B. Sałacińska, Sławomir Sałaciński","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3073","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the Middle and Late Neolithic settlement pattern confirms the thesis of the significant role of the middle Kamienna river basin in the region of the Sandomierz Upland and the Iłża Forehills as the settlement base for banded flint mines in the area of Krzemionki Opatowskie. Some of the settlements of the Funnel Beaker culture located in the northern and central part of the Sandomierz Upland could be related to exploitation and processing of the: banded and the Świeciechów flint raw materials. The area of the right-bank tributaries of the Kamienna river is considered a settlement base for the prehistoric banded flint mines of the Globular Amphora culture. The surface survey and test excavation carried out in the middle course of the Kamienna river in the Iłża Forehills, as well as archaeological excavations in the mining field, showed the existence of quite numerous sites from the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age. ","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48951789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3012
Magdalena Sudoł-procyk
Tzw. „krzemień czekoladowy” jest jednym z najpopularniejszych i najwyższej jakości surowcem krzemiennym, używanym w czasach prehistorycznych w Europie Środkowej. Znany i użytkowany był od środkowego paleolitu aż do epoki żelaza. Jest przedmiotem badań od prawie 100 lat, ale pytania związane z wydobyciem, przetwarzaniem i dystrybucją krzemienia czekoladowego są wciąż aktualne i podejmowane przez wielu badaczy. W dużej mierze jest to efekt odkrycia złóż krzemienia czekoladowego i miejsc jego wydobycia na terenie Wyżyny Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej, co znacząco zmieniło obecny stan wiedzy. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą uporządkowania wiedzy na temat tego surowca o niewątpliwie wyjątkowej jakości, szeroko wykorzystywanego przez społeczności prehistoryczne.
{"title":"One century of studies on chocolate flint. And what do we really know about it ...?","authors":"Magdalena Sudoł-procyk","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3012","url":null,"abstract":"Tzw. „krzemień czekoladowy” jest jednym z najpopularniejszych i najwyższej jakości surowcem krzemiennym, używanym w czasach prehistorycznych w Europie Środkowej. Znany i użytkowany był od środkowego paleolitu aż do epoki żelaza. Jest przedmiotem badań od prawie 100 lat, ale pytania związane z wydobyciem, przetwarzaniem i dystrybucją krzemienia czekoladowego są wciąż aktualne i podejmowane przez wielu badaczy. W dużej mierze jest to efekt odkrycia złóż krzemienia czekoladowego i miejsc jego wydobycia na terenie Wyżyny Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej, co znacząco zmieniło obecny stan wiedzy. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą uporządkowania wiedzy na temat tego surowca o niewątpliwie wyjątkowej jakości, szeroko wykorzystywanego przez społeczności prehistoryczne.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42257027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3221
P. Włodarczak
Studies of artefacts from Corded Ware culture graves in western Lesser Poland have demonstrated that raw materials originating from the eastern Świętokrzyskie region take a leading role: Świeciechów flint (for the production of axes), and chocolate flint (for making flake and blade tools). New data obtained through the study of settlement sites in the vicinity of Kraków have highlighted the significant role of another hitherto little-noticed raw material: K-type flint (otherwise known as the Wielka Wieś type). This raw material was used mainly for the production of core tools. Workshops producing axes from this flint were discovered on the right bank of the Vistula River in the area between Kraków-Bieżanow and Zakrzów. Tools made from K-type flint appear in Final Eneolithic graves north of Kraków as well, and another production centre is known from this region, near Ojców. The provenance of the raw materials used in the vicinity of Ojców and in the Kraków-Bieżanów - Zakrzów area remains undetermined. Hypothetically, two deposits with different locations were used. In light of new discoveries made during large-scale rescue research projects, the raw material preferences in Final Eneolithic Lesser Poland seem more complex than previously believed, and they varied from micro-region to micro-region.
{"title":"K-type flint in Final Eneolithic Lesser Poland","authors":"P. Włodarczak","doi":"10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.1.3221","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of artefacts from Corded Ware culture graves in western Lesser Poland have demonstrated that raw materials originating from the eastern Świętokrzyskie region take a leading role: Świeciechów flint (for the production of axes), and chocolate flint (for making flake and blade tools). New data obtained through the study of settlement sites in the vicinity of Kraków have highlighted the significant role of another hitherto little-noticed raw material: K-type flint (otherwise known as the Wielka Wieś type). This raw material was used mainly for the production of core tools. Workshops producing axes from this flint were discovered on the right bank of the Vistula River in the area between Kraków-Bieżanow and Zakrzów. Tools made from K-type flint appear in Final Eneolithic graves north of Kraków as well, and another production centre is known from this region, near Ojców. The provenance of the raw materials used in the vicinity of Ojców and in the Kraków-Bieżanów - Zakrzów area remains undetermined. Hypothetically, two deposits with different locations were used. In light of new discoveries made during large-scale rescue research projects, the raw material preferences in Final Eneolithic Lesser Poland seem more complex than previously believed, and they varied from micro-region to micro-region.","PeriodicalId":37678,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42297886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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