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When asymmetry mimics zygomorphy: flower development in Chamaelirium japonicum (Melanthiaceae, Liliales) 当不对称模仿颧形:百合花的花发育(桔梗科,百合科)
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2023.12s01
M. Remizowa, A. Shipunov, D. Sokoloff
Pendent sessile flowers of Chamaelirium japonicum (Willd.) N. Tanaka appear zygomorpic, but they do not possess a bilateral symmetry. The flowers are subtended by a vestigial bract and lack a bracteole. The perianth consists of two small tepals on the abaxial side of the flower and four large tepals, none of which is median. Because the short tepals belong to different whorls, there is no symmetry plane. Despite the absence of a bracteole, the shape of the floral meristem before perianth inception resembles that of bracteolate monocot flowers. At early stages, all six tepals are equal in shape and size, and the flower is actinomorphic. The difference between the dorsal and ventral sides and the pendent nature of the flower become expressed during the gynoecium development. The absence of median organs allows to avoid collision of floral organs with the flower-subtending bract during flower curvature. Species of Chamaelirium reveal a set of different flower groundplans, which makes the genus a perfect model to investigate evolutionary changes in flower symmetry accompanied by differential tepal reduction.
日本chamaelium japonicum(野生)悬垂无梗花N. Tanaka看起来是颧骨,但他们不具有两侧对称。花被一个退化的苞片包围并且缺乏小苞片。花被由花背面的两个小花被片和四个大花被片组成,其中没有一个在中间。由于短花被片分属不同的轮生,所以没有对称平面。尽管没有小苞片,花被形成前的花分生组织的形状类似于小苞片的单子叶花。在早期阶段,所有的六个花被片在形状和大小上是相等的,花是辐射胚性的。在雌蕊发育过程中,花的背侧和腹侧的差异以及花的垂坠特性得以表达。中间器官的缺失可以避免花器官与花的苞片在花弯曲时发生碰撞。chamaelium属揭示了一组不同的花地平面图,这使得该属成为研究花对称与不同花被片减少的进化变化的完美模型。
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引用次数: 1
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of the Tolmachev reservoir (Kamchatka, Russia) 俄罗斯堪察加托尔马切夫水库硅藻(硅藻门)
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2023.12101
S. Genkal, E. Lepskaya
A study of diatoms from the Tolmachev Reservoir (Kamchatka) was carried out using electron microscopy. As a result, 45 species and varieties of Bacillariophyta from 28 genera were identified, and 4 algae were identified only to the genus level. 12 species from 11 genera, new for the flora of Kamchatka diatoms, were found. Most of the new taxa for Kamchatka flora are rare species, and our study expanded their range.
用电子显微镜对堪察加托尔马切夫水库的硅藻进行了研究。结果表明,鉴定出硅藻门28属45种和变种,仅属鉴定的藻类4种。发现了堪察加硅藻区系新属11属12种。堪察加植物区系的新分类群多为稀有物种,扩大了其分布范围。
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引用次数: 1
Phylogenetics of the Paleartic model grass Brachypodium sylvaticum uncovers two divergent oriental and occidental micro-taxa lineages 古北区模式草短茅的系统发育揭示了两个不同的东方和西方微分类群谱系
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2023.12119
Pilar Catalán, María Ángeles Decena, R. Sancho, J. Viruel, E. Pérez-Collazos, L. A. Inda, N. Probatova
Brachypodium sylvaticum has been selected as a model for perennial grasses, and considerable genomic resources have been generated and a reference genome and several resequenced pangenome accessions are available for this species. Despite these genomic advances, the evolution and systematics of diploid B. sylvaticum s. l. is almost unknown. The B. sylvaticum complex is formed by up to seven taxonomically close micro-taxa which differentiate from typical B. sylvaticum s. s. based on a few morphological features. Moreover, some of them show some largely disjunct geographic distributions on both sides of their native Palearctic region. In this study, we used a phylogenomic approach including representative populations from the oriental and occidental distribution range of B. sylvaticum micro-taxa to elucidate their evolutionary relationships and assess the systematic value of the morphological features that separate them. A combined plastome and nuclear phylogenetic tree supports an early split and high divergence of the oriental lineage, showing the close relationship of the Himalayan B. sylvaticum var. breviglume lineages to the Pacific B. miserum / B. kurilense clade, and the contrasting large homogeneity and low divergence of the occidental European, N African and SW and C Asian lineage, with several B. sylvaticum s. s., B. spryginii, and B. glaucovirens samples showing identical or similar sequences. Divergence time estimate analysis suggests that the oriental lineage diverged from the common ancestor in the early Pleistocene (2.0 Ma), followed by subsequent colonization and isolations in the Himalayas (2.0 – 1.7 Ma) and the Far East (0.36 Ma) in more recent times, while the occidental lineage split in the Mid-Late Pleistocene (0.97 Ma), followed by rapid radiation and postglacial spread in the western Paleartic during the last thousand years.
Brachypodium sylvatium被选为多年生禾本科植物的模型植物,目前已有大量的基因组资源,包括参考基因组和一些重测序的泛基因组资料。尽管基因组学取得了这些进展,但二倍体B. sylvaticum s.l.的进化和系统学几乎是未知的。该复合体由多达7个在分类上接近的微分类群组成,这些微分类群基于一些形态特征而与典型的B. sylvaticum s.s.有所区别。此外,它们中的一些在其原生古北区两侧显示出一些很大程度上不相交的地理分布。在本研究中,我们采用系统基因组的方法,包括来自东西部分布范围的代表性种群,阐明了它们的进化关系,并评估了区分它们的形态特征的系统价值。一个综合的体组和核系统发育树支持了东方谱系的早期分裂和高度分化,表明喜马拉雅B. sylvaticum var. breviglume谱系与太平洋B. miserum / B. kurilense分支的密切关系,而西欧、北非、西南和中亚的B. sylvaticum s.s、B. spryginii和B. glaucovirens的几个样本显示相同或相似的序列,形成了大的同质性和低分化。分离时间估计分析表明,东方谱系在更新世早期(2.0 Ma)从共同祖先分离出来,随后在喜马拉雅地区(2.0 - 1.7 Ma)和远东地区(0.36 Ma)殖民和分离,而西方谱系在中晚更新世(0.97 Ma)分裂,随后在近千年的古北宙西部快速辐射和冰川后扩散。
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引用次数: 0
Remarks on the spatial distribution of mycorrhiza in the roots of Epipactis papillosa (Orchidaceae) 兰科野菜根中菌根的空间分布
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2023.12s07
Lyudmila S. Kuzminova, M.M. Salnikova, Tatiana N. Vinogradova
The article provides a description of the mycorrhiza in the roots of a generative specimen of Epipactis papillosa Franch. et Sav. (Orchidaceae). The percentage of bark cells inhabited by fungi and the intensity of mycorrhizal infection were calculated in all roots formed in 2010, 2011 and 2012 along all their length. Fungi were distributed in the roots irregularly, being concentrated in one or more zones. The possible connection between mycorrhizal development and weather conditions in corresponding years are discussed. Whereas according to the literature data E. papillosa is considered to be weakly mycotrophic species, with an average intensity of mycorrhizal infection of only 15 %, we found much higher average intensity in the studied specimen, up to 54 %. The possibility of secondary colonization of older roots by fungi in studied specimen was not confirmed.
这篇文章提供了在根的一个生殖标本乳头状芽孢杆菌的描述。等干腊肠。(兰科)。计算了2010年、2011年和2012年形成的所有根沿其长度方向的真菌侵染率和真菌侵染强度。真菌在根内分布不规则,集中在一个或多个区域。讨论了相应年份菌根发育与气候条件的可能联系。而根据文献资料,E. papillosa被认为是弱真菌营养物种,菌根感染的平均强度仅为15%,我们发现研究标本的平均强度要高得多,高达54%。在研究的标本中,真菌次生定植老根的可能性尚未得到证实。
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引用次数: 0
New varieties of Elymus ciliaris (Poaceae: Triticeae) from the Russian Far East 标题俄罗斯远东地区毛榆属新变种(禾科:小麦科)
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2023.12102
E. Shabanova, A. Agafonov
According to the results of an experimental study of the closely related species Elymus ciliaris and E. amurensis growing in the Russian Far East, Elymus ciliaris should be considered as a single polymorphic species comprising four varieties, including var. amurensis. Two varieties are described for the first time. Descriptions and photographs of the typal specimens are given.
根据对生长在俄罗斯远东地区的近缘种毛毡毡草(Elymus ciliaris)和毛毡毡草(E. amurenis)的实验研究结果,毛毡毡草应该被认为是一个由4个变种组成的单一多态物种,包括变种。其中两个品种为首次描述。给出了典型标本的说明和照片。
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引用次数: 0
Amendments to the description of Chloromonas actinochloris (Chlorophyta) inferred from the study of the South Siberian finding 根据西伯利亚南部发现对放线藻绿单胞菌(Chloromonas actinochloris)描述的修正
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2023.12105
I. Egorova, N. Kulakova, O. Boldina
Chlamydomonas-like green microalgae are unicellular biflagellate organisms from the order Volvocales, which are widely distributed in terrestrial ecosystems. Recent studies have shown that they belong to different phylogenetic lineages. The exact establishment of the taxonomic affiliation of these representatives is based on integrative approach, including multigene phylogeny along with light and electron microscopy, which also allows us to get the most accurate information about their biogeography. In this study, we examined the terrestrial green Chlamydomonas-like microalga, isolated from soil of the South-Eastern Altai Mountains in Russia. Based on molecular data of the nuclear 18S and plastid rbcL gene, we refer this alga to Chloromonas actinochloris within a robust clade of the genus Chloromonas, the phylogroup Chloromonadinia. This species was described from North America (USA). It is the first discovery of C. actinochloris in the mountains of Southern Siberia, as well as the first record of the species in Russia confirmed by molecular phylogeny and microscopy methods. The description of C. actinochloris, information on its biology and geography was supplemented. It is generally accepted that the phylogenetic clade including C. actinochloris should be revised and reassigned to a new genus soon. Our study shows that vegetative cells of Chloromonadinia algae can have ornamented cell wall that was mainly known for resting cells (cysts/zygotes) in a number of chlamydomonads, more rarely for vegetative cells. The structures on the wall of vegetative cells of Chlamydomonaslike microalgae can serve as an additional diagnostic criterion.
类衣藻绿色微藻是一种广泛分布于陆地生态系统的单细胞双鞭毛虫生物,属于藻目。最近的研究表明,它们属于不同的系统发育谱系。这些代表植物的分类归属是基于综合方法,包括多基因系统发育以及光学和电子显微镜,这也使我们能够获得最准确的生物地理信息。在这项研究中,我们研究了从俄罗斯阿尔泰山脉东南部土壤中分离出来的陆生绿色衣藻样微藻。根据核18S和质体rbcL基因的分子数据,我们认为该藻属于绿单胞菌属的一个强大分支,即绿单胞菌群。本种来自北美(美国)。这是在西伯利亚南部山区首次发现放线酸氯藻,也是该物种在俄罗斯首次通过分子系统发育和显微镜方法得到证实的记录。补充了放线藻的描述、生物学和地理学资料。人们普遍认为,包括放线藻在内的系统发育分支应尽快修订并重新划分为一个新属。我们的研究表明,绿藻的营养细胞可以有纹饰细胞壁,这种纹饰细胞壁主要存在于许多衣原体的静止细胞(囊肿/合子)中,而营养细胞很少有纹饰细胞壁。衣藻样微藻营养细胞壁上的结构可以作为附加的诊断标准。
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引用次数: 1
Sacciolepis Nash (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) – a new genus to the flora of Russia 刺刺蕨(禾科:蕨总科:蕨科)-俄罗斯植物区系新属
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2023.12115
E. A. Chubar, N. Probatova
A new genus Sacciolepis (Poaceae), represented by S. indica (L.) Chase, was discovered in the vicinity of the Nature Monument "Golubinyi Utyos" (Dove Cliff), Khasan District, Primorye Territory, Russia. The description of the species is given, its habitat and ecological and cenotic features are characterized.
一新属(禾科),以麻属(L.)为代表Chase是在俄罗斯滨海边疆区Khasan区的自然纪念碑“Golubinyi Utyos”(鸽子悬崖)附近发现的。本文对该物种进行了描述,并对其生境和生态环境特征进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
Ephemeroid vegetation of the Kulan Plateau in the Badhyz Reserve (Turkmenistan) 土库曼斯坦Badhyz保护区库兰高原的蜉蝣状植被
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2023.12110
N. Polyakova, Y. Golovanov, S. Yamalov, M. Lebedeva, Z. Shigapov
The results of long-terms vegetation studies of the Kulan plateau, which is located in the Badhyz reserve in the southeastern Turkmenistan, are presented. The geographical position of the region and the diversity of landscapes promoted to the formation of the specific flora, represented by various groups of Mediterranean, Iranian, Turanian, as well as Middle and Central Asian species. Very specific ephemeroid plant communities with Poa bulbosa и Carex pachystylis dominated in lower layer were syntaxonomically studied for the first time. The upper layer includes the tall herbs, especially Ferula badrakema, an endemic species of Badhyz. Communities were classified as the suballiance Poo bulbosae– Ferulenion badrakemii suball. nov. of the alliance Vulpio persicae–Caricion pachystylidis Świerszcz et al. 2020 of the order Cymbopogono–Brachypodietalia ramosi Horvatič 1963 of the class Lygeo sparti–Stipetea tenacissimae Rivas-Mart. 1978 nom. conserv. propos. Сommunities of grasses on slight turf sands are classified as part of the provisional alliance Stipagrostion pennati prov. The position of the alliance in the system of high-rank syntaxa has not yet been determined. The 5 new associations and 6 subassociations were allocated.
本文介绍了位于土库曼斯坦东南部Badhyz保护区的Kulan高原长期植被研究的结果。该地区的地理位置和景观的多样性促进了特定植物群的形成,以地中海、伊朗、图兰以及中亚的各种物种为代表。本文首次对下层以粗柱头草(Poa bulbosa丶Carex pachystylis)为主的非常特殊的蜉蝣类植物群落进行了分类学研究。上层包括高大的草本植物,特别是阿魏,Badhyz的特有物种。群落划分为蒲草亚群-阿魏亚群。1963年,Lygeo spartis - stipetea tenacissimae Rivas-Mart目,Cymbopogono-Brachypodietalia ramosi horvatii。1978年诺姆·保守。言之凿凿。Сommunities在轻微的草皮沙地上的草被归类为临时联盟Stipagrostion pennati prov的一部分。该联盟在高级句法系统中的地位尚未确定。分配了5个新关联和6个子关联。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic diversity of the Rhododendron subsection Ledum species in Sakhalin Island: data from chloroplast DNA markers variability 库页岛杜鹃花亚段Ledum种的遗传多样性:叶绿体DNA标记变异的数据
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2023.12209
Diana R. Iunusova, Maria A. Polezhaeva, Elena A. Marchuk
A high genetic variability was revealed in the populations of the Rhododendron subsection Ledum species complex in Sakhalin. In total, 94 individuals from natural populations of the four sympatric species of Labrador tea (R. tomentosum, R. subarcticum, R. tolmachevii and R. hypoleucum) were analyzed to evaluate the genetic variation in the territory of the Sakhalin Island and in two mainland populations. The haplotype diversity of five chloroplast intergenic spacers (trnH–psbA, petB–petD, 3’trnV (UAC)–ndhC, K2R–K707, atpB–rbcL) was quite high. There were 16 haplotypes (h1–h16) identified; h1, h2 and h4 are the most common, the rest were rare and no species-specific ones were found. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) indicate that about 37 % of the genetic diversity is due to among population differences (FST = 0.37, p < 0.001). Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast DNA data did not reveal a clear species structure, but revealed a trend towards the isolation of two genetic groups: including a group of samples from the southern and the middle parts of Sakhalin Island.
库页岛杜鹃花子种群具有较高的遗传变异性。利用拉布拉多茶4个同域种(毛毛茶、亚北极茶、托马切夫茶和亚北极茶)自然居群的94个个体,分析了库页岛地区和2个大陆居群的遗传变异。5个叶绿体基因间间隔物trnH-psbA、petB-petD、3'trnV (UAC) -ndhC、K2R-K707、atpB-rbcL的单倍型多样性较高。共鉴定出16个单倍型(h1 ~ h16);H1, h2和h4是最常见的,其余的是罕见的,没有发现物种特异性。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,约37%的遗传多样性是由群体间差异造成的(FST = 0.37, p <0.001)。基于叶绿体DNA数据的分子系统发育分析没有显示出明确的物种结构,但显示出两个遗传群体的分离趋势:包括来自萨哈林岛南部和中部的一组样本。
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引用次数: 0
Syntaxonomic notes on the order Ledo palustris–Laricetalia (Siberian boreal cryo-mesophilous larch forests): validation and description Ledo palustri - laricetalia目(西伯利亚寒冰中温落叶松林)的分类学注释:验证与描述
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2023.12108
N. Ermakov
Validation and description of new syntaxa of the boreal light coniferous forests of North Asia in the Braun-Blanquet system was carried out in accordance with the latest 4th edition of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. These are the alliance Ledo palustris–Laricion cajanderi Ermakov all. nov. and the order Ledo palustris–Laricetalia cajanderi Ermakov ord. nov. For all these syntaxa, the diagnostic species, peculiarities of ecology and phytocenotic structure, as well as geographical area are indicated. Prodromus of the validated order Ledo palustris–Laricetalia cajanderi is presented.
根据最新的第4版《国际植物社会学命名法》,对北亚北方轻针叶林在Braun-Blanquet系统中的新句法进行了验证和描述。这些都是雷多·帕卢斯特-拉里松·卡詹安德里·埃尔马科夫的联盟。指出了所有这些句法群的诊断种、生态特点、植物群落结构和地理区域。提出了一种经证实的龙眼目——黄叶松目的前驱病。
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引用次数: 2
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Botanica Pacifica
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