Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20514530.2022.2131321
M. Barke, H. King, D. Welsh
ABSTRACT Using data from six sample parishes, this article examines the migration of predominantly agricultural labour across the Anglo-Scottish border in the mid-nineteenth century. The main purpose is to establish the extent to which the Border formed a barrier to movement at this time. A largely similar agricultural system within the Border region, with a specific character to its employment processes, appears to have been significant in reducing any negative impact upon the movement of labour. Furthermore, an examination of features such as religion, co-habitation and marriage patterns, suggests that for many Border residents, being born in the neighbouring country but living in the other one does not appear to have constituted any significant deterrent to social interaction.
{"title":"Mid-Nineteenth-Century Population Movement in the Anglo-Scottish Border Region","authors":"M. Barke, H. King, D. Welsh","doi":"10.1080/20514530.2022.2131321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20514530.2022.2131321","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using data from six sample parishes, this article examines the migration of predominantly agricultural labour across the Anglo-Scottish border in the mid-nineteenth century. The main purpose is to establish the extent to which the Border formed a barrier to movement at this time. A largely similar agricultural system within the Border region, with a specific character to its employment processes, appears to have been significant in reducing any negative impact upon the movement of labour. Furthermore, an examination of features such as religion, co-habitation and marriage patterns, suggests that for many Border residents, being born in the neighbouring country but living in the other one does not appear to have constituted any significant deterrent to social interaction.","PeriodicalId":37727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regional and Local History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44739354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20514530.2022.2131320
Nagendra Rao
ABSTRACT The Kadambas of Goa of south India emerged as a notable ruling power in Goa in the tenth century CE. This article discusses the nature of the interaction between the rulers and the ruled, utilising the early state theory of Henri J.M. Claessen. To achieve political and social authority, the kings of this early state employed diverse strategies. Some of these schemes involved elaborating a genealogy and entering into matrimonial alliances with the dominant powers of the region. But reciprocity and distribution of power also played an important role in achieving legitimacy for the rulers. The creation of brahmana settlements resulted in agrarian expansion and the establishment of the puranic order, which went a long way in achieving legitimacy for the ruling class, allowing the temporal and spiritual authorities to interact with each other.
{"title":"Reciprocity and Political Authority: An Early State in South India","authors":"Nagendra Rao","doi":"10.1080/20514530.2022.2131320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20514530.2022.2131320","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Kadambas of Goa of south India emerged as a notable ruling power in Goa in the tenth century CE. This article discusses the nature of the interaction between the rulers and the ruled, utilising the early state theory of Henri J.M. Claessen. To achieve political and social authority, the kings of this early state employed diverse strategies. Some of these schemes involved elaborating a genealogy and entering into matrimonial alliances with the dominant powers of the region. But reciprocity and distribution of power also played an important role in achieving legitimacy for the rulers. The creation of brahmana settlements resulted in agrarian expansion and the establishment of the puranic order, which went a long way in achieving legitimacy for the ruling class, allowing the temporal and spiritual authorities to interact with each other.","PeriodicalId":37727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regional and Local History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41973813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20514530.2022.2149198
A. Walker
{"title":"The Orchards of Eastern England: history, ecology and place","authors":"A. Walker","doi":"10.1080/20514530.2022.2149198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20514530.2022.2149198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regional and Local History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47146795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20514530.2022.2131322
A. Walker
ABSTRACT The dialect literature of Lancashire and Yorkshire during the second half of the nineteenth century and early years of the twentieth century attracted many devoted readers, and has been examined by scholars interested in literature, linguistics and social and cultural history. Having given some consideration to this work the article focuses upon the performance element of this literary phenomenon. The article examines in particular the experiences of two prominent performers of their own work, Lancashire-born Edwin Waugh and Yorkshire native John Hartley. Consideration is given to the content and delivery of their performances, the nature and size of their audiences and the spaces in which these events took place. Finally, consideration is given to the fact that many performances of this dialect material were given by other people in localities far beyond the counties of Lancashire and Yorkshire, and on occasion in completely different dialects.
{"title":"“In Roars of Laughter” and “Moved to Tears” Performing the Work of Lancashire and Yorkshire Dialect Writers, c. 1850–1915","authors":"A. Walker","doi":"10.1080/20514530.2022.2131322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20514530.2022.2131322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The dialect literature of Lancashire and Yorkshire during the second half of the nineteenth century and early years of the twentieth century attracted many devoted readers, and has been examined by scholars interested in literature, linguistics and social and cultural history. Having given some consideration to this work the article focuses upon the performance element of this literary phenomenon. The article examines in particular the experiences of two prominent performers of their own work, Lancashire-born Edwin Waugh and Yorkshire native John Hartley. Consideration is given to the content and delivery of their performances, the nature and size of their audiences and the spaces in which these events took place. Finally, consideration is given to the fact that many performances of this dialect material were given by other people in localities far beyond the counties of Lancashire and Yorkshire, and on occasion in completely different dialects.","PeriodicalId":37727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regional and Local History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42958108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20514530.2022.2131324
Michael Reeve
{"title":"Beyond Trawlertown: memory, life and legacy in the wake of the Cod Wars","authors":"Michael Reeve","doi":"10.1080/20514530.2022.2131324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20514530.2022.2131324","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regional and Local History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42638541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20514530.2022.2057774
T. Thornton
ABSTRACT The Anglo-Scottish treaties of York (1464) and Nottingham (1484) include exceptions for Lorn (Scotland) and Lundy island (Bristol Channel) in the provisions they made for peace between the parties. The exception for Lundy allows for explorations of lordship and local privilege across the territories of the crown in the fifteenth century. In 1464, Lundy had recently passed from the control of the Lancastrian Butler family, and the exception reflects contests in the Irish Sea similar to those that led to the exemption for Lorn. In 1484, one of those negotiating was Henry, earl of Northumberland, and his contested claim to the lordship of the island explains his response to claims from other interests, interacting with the politics of Richard III’s reign and relationships with France and Brittany. Local and regional lordship could still manifest on the diplomatic stage, which was not yet the preserve of specialist servants of centralised states.
{"title":"The Island of Lundy and the Treaties of York (1464) and Nottingham (1484): Lordship, Sovereignty, and Politics in Fifteenth-Century International Relations","authors":"T. Thornton","doi":"10.1080/20514530.2022.2057774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20514530.2022.2057774","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Anglo-Scottish treaties of York (1464) and Nottingham (1484) include exceptions for Lorn (Scotland) and Lundy island (Bristol Channel) in the provisions they made for peace between the parties. The exception for Lundy allows for explorations of lordship and local privilege across the territories of the crown in the fifteenth century. In 1464, Lundy had recently passed from the control of the Lancastrian Butler family, and the exception reflects contests in the Irish Sea similar to those that led to the exemption for Lorn. In 1484, one of those negotiating was Henry, earl of Northumberland, and his contested claim to the lordship of the island explains his response to claims from other interests, interacting with the politics of Richard III’s reign and relationships with France and Brittany. Local and regional lordship could still manifest on the diplomatic stage, which was not yet the preserve of specialist servants of centralised states.","PeriodicalId":37727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regional and Local History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43253739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20514530.2022.2058207
C. Balsas
ABSTRACT The history of industry in Portugal is tangled. In the early 1990s, the government was letting non-viable, uncompetitive companies collapse while targeting those bolstered by European funds for their “success stories.” One of the findings of a study on Portugal’s competitive advantages emphasised the importance of the country’s traditional industries for the development of new technologies and industrial sectors. This article is a historical account of community innovation in Portugal during the 1990s. It analyses two illustrative case studies: the Portuguese automobile cluster and the AutoEuropa development in Setúbal; and the Portuguese science and technology sector exemplified by the Taguspark – a science and technology park in Oeiras near Lisbon. It is argued that Portuguese industry had to develop strong links and establish viable R&D relationships with science and technology institutions in order to help strengthen the country’s competitive advantages in an increasingly globalised economy.
{"title":"Community Responsible Innovation in Portugal: Building the Country’s Competitive Advantages","authors":"C. Balsas","doi":"10.1080/20514530.2022.2058207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20514530.2022.2058207","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The history of industry in Portugal is tangled. In the early 1990s, the government was letting non-viable, uncompetitive companies collapse while targeting those bolstered by European funds for their “success stories.” One of the findings of a study on Portugal’s competitive advantages emphasised the importance of the country’s traditional industries for the development of new technologies and industrial sectors. This article is a historical account of community innovation in Portugal during the 1990s. It analyses two illustrative case studies: the Portuguese automobile cluster and the AutoEuropa development in Setúbal; and the Portuguese science and technology sector exemplified by the Taguspark – a science and technology park in Oeiras near Lisbon. It is argued that Portuguese industry had to develop strong links and establish viable R&D relationships with science and technology institutions in order to help strengthen the country’s competitive advantages in an increasingly globalised economy.","PeriodicalId":37727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regional and Local History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42512365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20514530.2022.2059972
Maria Marta Lobo de Araújo
ABSTRACT This analysis of the military hospitals of Minho in 1801, is based on memoirs written in September of that year by the physician Bernardo Abrantes Almeida, inspector of the Entre Douro and Minho Army, in the aftermath of the War of Laranjas (War of the Oranges) between Portugal and Spain. After this conflict and foreseeing a new invasion, Portugal sought to audit its available health provision, to properly plan its defences. This report provides an important insight into the existing hospitals in Minho, the patients and the diseases treated in them, as well as the attitude of its author towards the hospitals of Misericórdias and those managed by the Order of São João de Deus. As a defender of the creation of State military hospitals, the author made a number of criticisms of the places of treatment used by the Crown and supplied a new model to treat military personnel.
{"title":"Health and War: The Memoirs of Military Hospitals from Minho, Portugal in 1801","authors":"Maria Marta Lobo de Araújo","doi":"10.1080/20514530.2022.2059972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20514530.2022.2059972","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This analysis of the military hospitals of Minho in 1801, is based on memoirs written in September of that year by the physician Bernardo Abrantes Almeida, inspector of the Entre Douro and Minho Army, in the aftermath of the War of Laranjas (War of the Oranges) between Portugal and Spain. After this conflict and foreseeing a new invasion, Portugal sought to audit its available health provision, to properly plan its defences. This report provides an important insight into the existing hospitals in Minho, the patients and the diseases treated in them, as well as the attitude of its author towards the hospitals of Misericórdias and those managed by the Order of São João de Deus. As a defender of the creation of State military hospitals, the author made a number of criticisms of the places of treatment used by the Crown and supplied a new model to treat military personnel.","PeriodicalId":37727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regional and Local History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43762603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20514530.2022.2058210
Victoria Araj
parallel to a bequest to fund apprenticeships there) and money to build there a public library to house his own collection of books, running to nearly 5000 volumes and manuscripts. A series of chapters reconstruct Plume’s library and the vicissitudes through economic and architectural crises of the building, book and manuscript collection to its now important status as an architectural and bibliographical treasure house, on which ongoing work in cataloguing and digitising has extended and democratised access to the Library in accordance with Plume’s founding principle of public availability. Here several chapters, notably those by Doe, David Pearson and Helen Kemp successfully demonstrate the value of the volume’s emphasis on understanding through contextualisation. Placing the library’s foundation in the context of the contemporaneous establishment of parochial and other public libraries and the culture of book auctions, bequests and ‘borrowings’, this work underpins the argument that this was a library, as Pearson puts it, of a scholar-clergyman, not antiquarian, with two-thirds perhaps predictably devoted to theology and religion, but the other third to a wider variety of classical and other authors and subjects. Here as in other chapters, notably that by Thornton and Max Earnshaw, there is much fresh and important material on the local history of trusts, their membership and the important role they played (and play) in the establishment and maintenance of Plume’s bequests, on the numbers drawn into their running from his death to the present and the sometimes considerable demands this placed on local groups of trustees. Plume was perhaps unexceptionable in much of his (recorded) life, but for his philanthropy. Future work, stimulated by this volume, will help to answer the question that runs quietly through the volume as to where the balance between typical and exceptional lies in the scale of his philanthropy. As various chapters make approvingly clear, Plume did not seek fame, not wishing to have his many bequests named after him. Nevertheless, given the quality of this volume, it is to be hoped that future comparative work on the local history of early modern philanthropy will draw on the excellent work here and make the example of Thomas Plume, called by an eighteenth-century historian of Essex ‘this munificent person’, better known.
{"title":"Africans in East Anglia, 1467-1833","authors":"Victoria Araj","doi":"10.1080/20514530.2022.2058210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20514530.2022.2058210","url":null,"abstract":"parallel to a bequest to fund apprenticeships there) and money to build there a public library to house his own collection of books, running to nearly 5000 volumes and manuscripts. A series of chapters reconstruct Plume’s library and the vicissitudes through economic and architectural crises of the building, book and manuscript collection to its now important status as an architectural and bibliographical treasure house, on which ongoing work in cataloguing and digitising has extended and democratised access to the Library in accordance with Plume’s founding principle of public availability. Here several chapters, notably those by Doe, David Pearson and Helen Kemp successfully demonstrate the value of the volume’s emphasis on understanding through contextualisation. Placing the library’s foundation in the context of the contemporaneous establishment of parochial and other public libraries and the culture of book auctions, bequests and ‘borrowings’, this work underpins the argument that this was a library, as Pearson puts it, of a scholar-clergyman, not antiquarian, with two-thirds perhaps predictably devoted to theology and religion, but the other third to a wider variety of classical and other authors and subjects. Here as in other chapters, notably that by Thornton and Max Earnshaw, there is much fresh and important material on the local history of trusts, their membership and the important role they played (and play) in the establishment and maintenance of Plume’s bequests, on the numbers drawn into their running from his death to the present and the sometimes considerable demands this placed on local groups of trustees. Plume was perhaps unexceptionable in much of his (recorded) life, but for his philanthropy. Future work, stimulated by this volume, will help to answer the question that runs quietly through the volume as to where the balance between typical and exceptional lies in the scale of his philanthropy. As various chapters make approvingly clear, Plume did not seek fame, not wishing to have his many bequests named after him. Nevertheless, given the quality of this volume, it is to be hoped that future comparative work on the local history of early modern philanthropy will draw on the excellent work here and make the example of Thomas Plume, called by an eighteenth-century historian of Essex ‘this munificent person’, better known.","PeriodicalId":37727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regional and Local History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44561191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20514530.2022.2058209
J. Walter
of the separation between city and county or countryside. While almost all the IPMs look to the lands and resources (like water mills) of the countryside, there are three inquisitions talking of London property (114, 144, 147)) and one each for Bristol (162) and Norwich (137). But for the most part, property in a borough or town was held by different terms, if not necessarily by different men and women. In an overview of this volume – and covering a lot of people of property who died in a short span of years – it is the amount of precise information that could be offered the escheator that stands out. We talk today of a loss of privacy and of the possible intrusiveness of computer hacking. Perhaps an heir coming into property in the reign of Richard III, some of which may have had a shady genealogy, could have made the same charge, though the IPMs as we have them tell a very straightforward tale, perhaps one that had been cleaned up at some time in the past. As we have them, there is only that occasional nod to missing information or the uncertainty of an heir’s age, even if the inquisition might gloss over references to contested lands, disputed birth order and legitimacy, putative values of rents and terms of possession, and perhaps tales of fraud and even of outright theft. But the inquisitions served their purpose, as best we can judge, and we pay tribute to the level of record keeping established in medieval England, as we also do to the impressive labours of the volume’s editor. Gordon McKelvie has presented a worthy contribution to the world of scholarship and he has well-earned our gratitude.
{"title":"Dr Thomas Plume, 1630–1704: his life and legacies in Essex, Kent and Cambridge","authors":"J. Walter","doi":"10.1080/20514530.2022.2058209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20514530.2022.2058209","url":null,"abstract":"of the separation between city and county or countryside. While almost all the IPMs look to the lands and resources (like water mills) of the countryside, there are three inquisitions talking of London property (114, 144, 147)) and one each for Bristol (162) and Norwich (137). But for the most part, property in a borough or town was held by different terms, if not necessarily by different men and women. In an overview of this volume – and covering a lot of people of property who died in a short span of years – it is the amount of precise information that could be offered the escheator that stands out. We talk today of a loss of privacy and of the possible intrusiveness of computer hacking. Perhaps an heir coming into property in the reign of Richard III, some of which may have had a shady genealogy, could have made the same charge, though the IPMs as we have them tell a very straightforward tale, perhaps one that had been cleaned up at some time in the past. As we have them, there is only that occasional nod to missing information or the uncertainty of an heir’s age, even if the inquisition might gloss over references to contested lands, disputed birth order and legitimacy, putative values of rents and terms of possession, and perhaps tales of fraud and even of outright theft. But the inquisitions served their purpose, as best we can judge, and we pay tribute to the level of record keeping established in medieval England, as we also do to the impressive labours of the volume’s editor. Gordon McKelvie has presented a worthy contribution to the world of scholarship and he has well-earned our gratitude.","PeriodicalId":37727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regional and Local History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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