Ars Aeterna最新文献

英文中文

Misleading minds and playing with senses in the works of H.G. Wells h·g·威尔斯作品中的误导思想和玩弄感官

Q4 Arts and Humanities

Ars Aeterna

Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/aa-2016-0004

Veronika Briatková

Abstract Wings flapping in the dark, a scientist who is able to be present in two places at once as a result of an accident in the laboratory, and unknown creatures hiding in the shadows. This paper focuses on those works of English writer H.G. Wells (1866-1946) which create mystery by playing with human perception and the human senses. In these stories, the mysteries might have a real cause, or they might be a result of confusion. Either way, it certainly makes the characters question the reliability of their minds. They shudder with fear, and sometimes they are on the verge of losing their sanity. These phenomena are examined from the perspective of cognitive approaches. The analysis focuses on mental processing and how it influences the mental stability of the characters in question. One of the questions asked is what kinds of responses are elicited by these mysteries involving potentially misled senses.

在黑暗中扇动的翅膀，在实验室发生事故后能够同时出现在两个地方的科学家，以及隐藏在阴影中的未知生物。本文主要研究英国作家威尔斯(H.G. Wells, 1866-1946)通过玩弄人的知觉和感官来制造神秘感的作品。在这些故事中，这些谜团可能有一个真正的原因，也可能是困惑的结果。不管怎样，它肯定会让角色质疑他们思想的可靠性。他们害怕得发抖，有时他们处于失去理智的边缘。这些现象从认知方法的角度进行了研究。分析的重点是心理加工及其如何影响所讨论的人物的心理稳定性。其中一个问题是，这些涉及潜在误导感官的谜团会引发什么样的反应。

引用次数: 0

Mystery or not? Quantum cognition and the interpretation of the fantastic in Neil Gaiman 神秘与否?量子认知和对尼尔·盖曼幻想的诠释

Q4 Arts and Humanities

Ars Aeterna

Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/aa-2016-0003

Ivan Čipkár

Abstract The present paper describes a reader-response experiment focusing on the perception of the genre of the fantastic. It also proposes an update of the genre’s structuralist definition to better conform to contemporary cognitive research. Participants answered questions relating to the interpretation of events and important symbols in a Neil Gaiman short story and were also asked if they considered the story “fantasy” or “realistic fiction.” Tzvetan Todorov characterized the fantastic as a hesitation between the uncanny (realistic interpretation) and the marvelous (supernatural interpretation). Neil Gaiman, a popular contemporary author of genre fiction, has utilized this hesitation between psychological and supernatural explanations of his stories to great effect. The results show a consistently higher degree of enjoyment in readers who were aware of the dual interpretation and partook in the hesitation. This paper also introduces the concept of quantum cognition into literary theory and explains the benefit of using terminology from this discipline in a reader-response context. The findings of this study could be the first step towards a better understanding of the different ways in which readers cognitively approach the fantastic or genre in general.

摘要:本文描述了一个读者反应实验，重点是对奇幻小说类型的感知。它还提出了对该类型的结构主义定义的更新，以更好地符合当代认知研究。参与者回答了有关尼尔·盖曼短篇小说中事件和重要符号的解释的问题，并被问及他们认为这个故事是“幻想”还是“现实主义小说”。茨维坦·托多罗夫(Tzvetan Todorov)将幻想描述为在神秘(现实主义的解释)和奇妙(超自然的解释)之间的犹豫。尼尔·盖曼是当代颇受欢迎的类型小说作家，他利用了这种心理解释和超自然解释之间的犹豫，给他的故事带来了巨大的影响。结果显示，意识到双重解释并参与犹豫的读者享受程度始终较高。本文还将量子认知的概念引入文学理论，并解释了在读者-反应语境中使用该学科术语的好处。这项研究的发现可能是更好地理解读者认知奇幻小说或一般类型小说的不同方式的第一步。

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引用次数: 0

Violence as art experience 作为艺术体验的暴力

Q4 Arts and Humanities

Ars Aeterna

Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/aa-2016-0001

A. Smiešková

Abstract The article discusses Nicolas Winding Refn’s film Only God Forgives (2013), and focuses on questions of artistic representation and reception in relation to such cinematic elements as genre film, style, mise-en-scène, graphic violence and art experience. The arguments for the analyses are supported by John Dewey’s theory of art as experience where he claims that aesthetic experience is essentially infused with emotions that provide for a unifying quality cementing diverse constituent parts of the artwork. The article also takes into consideration Refn’s standpoint on the use of violence in art. While violence is a way of externalizing emotions, as Refn claims, it may not necessarily be the real experience viewers want to entertain; however, through an art experience, which is integral and complete as Dewey asserts, they are able to perceive and detect meanings that were “scattered and weakened in the material of other experiences”.

摘要本文探讨了尼古拉斯·温宁·雷芬的电影《唯神宽恕》(2013)，重点探讨了类型片、风格、场景设定、画面暴力和艺术体验等电影元素在艺术表现和接受方面的问题。这些分析的论点得到了约翰·杜威作为经验的艺术理论的支持，他声称美学经验本质上是充满了情感的，这种情感提供了一种统一的品质，巩固了艺术作品的不同组成部分。文章还考虑了Refn在艺术中使用暴力的立场。正如Refn所言，暴力是一种将情感外化的方式，但不一定是观众想要娱乐的真实体验;然而，通过杜威所主张的完整的艺术体验，他们能够感知和探测到“在其他体验的材料中分散和削弱”的意义。

引用次数: 1

The Relationship Between Child Anxiety Related Disorders and Primary Nocturnal Enuresis. 儿童焦虑相关障碍与原发性夜间遗尿症之间的关系。

IF 1 Q4 Arts and Humanities

Ars Aeterna

Pub Date : 2016-05-17 eCollection Date: 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.17795/ijpbs-4462

Bahman Salehi, Parsa Yousefichaijan, Mohammad Rafeei, Mahssa Mostajeran

Background: Nocturnal enuresis, often called bedwetting or sleep wetting, is a common problem in children after the age of five and may lead to symptoms such as infection, incontinence and frequent urination. This problem refers to a state in which children after the age of five have no control of their urine for six continuous months and it cannot be attributed to any organic factors or drug use.

Objectives: In this study we aimed to study generalized anxiety disorder as one of the possible causes of primary nocturnal enuresis.

Materials and methods: In this case-control study 180 children with primary nocturnal enuresis and same number of healthy children with a mean age of 7 - 17 years old with the same demographic characteristics were selected. The study took place at Amir Kabir hospital of Arak, Iran during year 2014. After collecting the information, diagnosis was verified based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) IV-TR criteria. Results were analyzed using the SPSS software (IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.).

Results: Frequency of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, school phobia, social anxiety, separation anxiety, history of anxiety in mother, history of primary nocturnal enuresis in parent's family and body mass index had a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.005).

Conclusions: With the results obtained from this study we could say that there was a clear significant difference between the two control and patient groups for all subgroups of anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder and their relationship with primary nocturnal enuresis. Given the higher prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, school phobia, social anxiety, separation anxiety and comparison with healthy children, it is recommended for all children with primary nocturnal enuresis to be investigated and treated for generalized anxiety disorder.

背景：夜间遗尿症通常被称为尿床或睡眠遗尿，是五岁以后儿童的常见问题，可能导致感染、尿失禁和尿频等症状。这个问题指的是五岁以后的儿童在连续六个月内无法控制自己的尿液，而且不能归咎于任何器质性因素或药物使用：本研究旨在将广泛性焦虑症作为原发性夜间遗尿症的可能原因之一进行研究：在这项病例对照研究中，我们选择了 180 名患有原发性夜间遗尿症的儿童和相同数量的健康儿童，这些儿童的平均年龄为 7-17 岁，具有相同的人口统计学特征。研究于 2014 年在伊朗阿拉克的阿米尔-卡比尔医院进行。收集信息后，根据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（DSM）IV-TR 标准进行了诊断。结果使用 SPSS 软件（IBM Corp.2011 年发布。IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20.0.Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.）：结果：广泛性焦虑症、恐慌症、学校恐惧症、社交焦虑、分离焦虑、母亲焦虑史、父母家族原发性夜间遗尿史和体重指数的发生率在两组之间存在显著差异（P = 0.005）：根据本研究得出的结果，我们可以说，在所有焦虑症（如广泛性焦虑症）亚群及其与原发性夜间遗尿症的关系方面，对照组和患者组之间存在明显的显著差异。鉴于广泛性焦虑症、惊恐障碍、学校恐惧症、社交焦虑、分离焦虑的发病率较高，以及与健康儿童的比较，建议对所有患有原发性夜间遗尿症的儿童进行广泛性焦虑症的调查和治疗。

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引用次数: 0

On the dehumanizing universe of Henry Miller’s Tropic of Cancer: the code of obscenity and its interaction with other elements 论亨利·米勒《北回归线》中非人性化的宇宙:淫秽代码及其与其他元素的相互作用

Q4 Arts and Humanities

Ars Aeterna

Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/aa-2016-0009

M. Duleba

Abstract The following article shows why Henry Miller’s novel Tropic of Cancer should not be labelled as a pornographic nor dehumanizing novel through the prism of a scientific and nonsentimental approach. The author of the article argues that even though Henry Miller creates in his novel a certain project of dehumanization, the article explains how usage of poetic language prevents Tropic of Cancer being a sexist insult to woman as often claimed by the feministic discourse of the 1980s and 1990s. Reacting to the popular and standardized interpretational traditions, the article contributes to the discourse about the dehumanizing aspects of Henry Miller’s novel by analysing the code of obscenity present in the materia of literary text. The code of obscenity is put into context with other features of materia of Miller’s text in order to explain how its specific “energy” functions. The author of the article applies the thinking of influential Russian literary scholars such as Mikhail Bakhtin and Yuri Lotman on the autonomous world of a literary text.

下面的文章通过科学和非情感的方式来说明为什么亨利·米勒的小说《北回归线》不应该被贴上色情或非人性化小说的标签。本文作者认为，尽管亨利·米勒在其小说中创造了某种非人性化的项目，但文章解释了诗歌语言的使用如何防止北回归线成为对女性的性别歧视侮辱，这是20世纪80年代和90年代女权主义话语经常声称的。本文通过对文学文本材料中存在的淫秽代码的分析，对亨利·米勒小说非人性化方面的论述做出了贡献，以回应流行的和标准化的解释传统。将淫秽代码与米勒文本的其他材料特征联系起来，以解释其特定的“能量”是如何发挥作用的。本文作者运用巴赫金、洛特曼等颇具影响力的俄罗斯文学学者对文学文本自治世界的思考。

引用次数: 0

Desire under the tribe in Nuruddin Farah’s A Naked Needle and Ken N. Kamoche’s “Secondhand Wife” 努鲁丁·法拉的《赤裸的针》和肯·卡莫切的《二手妻子》中部落下的欲望

Q4 Arts and Humanities

Ars Aeterna

Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/aa-2016-0002

Helmi Ben Meriem

Abstract This paper will address the notion of desire in Ken N. Kamoche’s “Secondhand Wife” and Nuruddin Farah’s A Naked Needle; it will be centered on the idea of men’s and women’s sexual desire as caught between being controlled and willing to be free. Desire will be studied as being controlled by the tribe in Kenya and Somalia, which channels men’s and women’s desire into pre-made forms. These channels of desire approved by the tribe are contested in Kenya and Somalia by both men and women. Desire is then situated between collective manipulation and individual freedom. On the one hand, desire will be linked to the idea of power relations that is desire as a tool to establish and support the power of the tribe. Desire is no longer a matter of natural instinct and feeling but that of a constructed dialectic of power. On the other hand, desire under the tribe is also about a refusal of the tribal control of desire and a yearn for liberating desire, which manifests itself in different manners such as the refusal of restrictions on marriage with non-Muslims in Somalia, the rejection of arranged marriage for both men and women, or prostitution as the body avenging itself through itself.

本文将探讨Ken N. Kamoche的《二手妻子》和Nuruddin Farah的《一根赤裸的针》中的欲望概念;它将集中在男人和女人的性欲被控制和愿意自由之间的想法。欲望将被研究为由肯尼亚和索马里的部落控制，它将男人和女人的欲望引导成预先制作的形式。在肯尼亚和索马里，这些被部落认可的欲望渠道受到男人和女人的争夺。于是，欲望被置于集体操纵和个人自由之间。一方面，欲望将与权力关系的概念联系起来，即欲望作为建立和支持部落权力的工具。欲望不再是一种自然的本能和感觉，而是一种建构的权力辩证法。另一方面，部落下的欲望也是一种对欲望的部落控制的拒绝，一种对解放欲望的渴望，这种欲望表现在不同的方式上，比如在索马里拒绝限制与非穆斯林的婚姻，拒绝男女包办婚姻，或者卖淫作为身体通过自身来报复自己。

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引用次数: 0

Documentary film as historical narrative 作为历史叙事的纪录片

Q4 Arts and Humanities

Ars Aeterna

Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/AA-2015-0009

Marek Urban

Abstract The submitted study describes the documentary film as a historical narrative that carries within it problems documented by historians such as Paul Veyne and Hayden White. It argues on behalf of the thesis that a documentary film in itself does not classify historical clues according to historical truth but according to a selected purpose (e.g. despite aesthetic conventions or in the case of a narrative film - according to the story). The study refutes the argument of Noël Carroll, who deals with the popularizing documentary film - specifically, connecting scientific “truth” with the tropological character of a documentary film narrative can create at best an approximate picture of a historical event.

提交的研究将纪录片描述为一种历史叙事，其中包含保罗·维恩和海登·怀特等历史学家所记录的问题。它代表论文认为，纪录片本身并没有根据历史真相对历史线索进行分类，而是根据选定的目的对历史线索进行分类(例如，尽管审美惯例，或者在叙事电影的情况下-根据故事)。该研究反驳了Noël Carroll关于纪录片大众化的观点，具体来说，将科学的“真相”与纪录片叙事的修辞特征联系起来，最多只能创造出一个历史事件的大致图景。

引用次数: 1

Adaptation or escapism? The British Royals’ tribulations and the crisis of personal identity in Sue Townsend’s The Queen and I 适应还是逃避?苏·汤森《女王与我》中英国皇室的苦难与个人身份的危机

Q4 Arts and Humanities

Ars Aeterna

Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/AA-2015-0010

Mihaela Culea

Abstract In The Queen and I (1992), English writer Sue Townsend (1946-2014) satirically imagines the abolition of the British monarchy and the subsequent social, political and even personal trials generated by their new situation. This paper1 focuses on the hardships experienced by the royal family in their demoted condition, with special focus on aspects related to personal identity, such as emotional remoteness, displacement, disputes over the reputation of the (royal) name, re-naming, falsifying one’s name and the invention of another identity, illness, escape mechanisms and struggles to adapt to a new life - all of these fictitious tribulations depicting the royal family in a state of crisis

在《女王与我》(The Queen and I, 1992)中，英国作家Sue Townsend(1946-2014)讽刺地想象了英国君主制的废除以及由此产生的社会、政治甚至个人的考验。本文1着重描写了王室在被降格状态下所经历的苦难，特别关注了与个人身份有关的方面，如情感的疏离、流离失所、对(王室)姓氏声誉的争议、改名换姓、伪造姓名和编造另一个身份、疾病、逃避机制和适应新生活的挣扎，这些虚构的苦难描绘了处于危机状态的王室

引用次数: 0

The fight between right and wrong: Exploring morality in M. L. Stedman’s novel The Light between Oceans 对与错之间的斗争:探索m·l·斯特德曼小说《大洋之间的光》中的道德

Q4 Arts and Humanities

Ars Aeterna

Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/AA-2015-0011

N. Čechová

Abstract The paper explores the eternal theme of morality and its effects on human thoughts and actions as depicted in M. L. Stedman’s debut novel The Light between Oceans (2012). The aim is to study how her characters, facing a demanding post-war environment, deal with morally challenging events in their lives and how they are able to fight the socially accepted concepts of what is right and what is wrong as well as the consequences of the serious decisions they make. Tom Sherbourne, a WWI veteran, settles down to his new job as lighthouse keeper and marriage with Isabel, but instead of finding peace, he faces several moral dilemmas which create a cold distance between him and his wife, as well as between his pre-war and actual self. In this sense, the paper tries to describe what Stedman has to say - through Tom’s character - about the nature of human morality and decision-making and how tragic their consequences might be.

本文探讨了斯特德曼的处女作《大洋之间的光》(2012)中永恒的道德主题及其对人类思想和行为的影响。她的目的是研究她的角色如何面对战后苛刻的环境，处理生活中具有道德挑战性的事件，以及他们如何能够与社会公认的是非观念以及他们所做的严肃决定的后果作斗争。第一次世界大战的老兵汤姆·舍伯恩安顿下来，开始了灯塔看守人的新工作，并与伊莎贝尔结婚，但他并没有找到平静，而是面临着几个道德困境，这在他和妻子之间，以及战前的自己和真实的自己之间造成了冰冷的距离。从这个意义上讲，本文试图通过汤姆的角色来描述斯特德曼对人类道德和决策的本质以及它们可能带来的悲剧性后果的看法。

引用次数: 0

Mimesis, interpretation and the human condition 模仿，解释和人类状况

Q4 Arts and Humanities

Ars Aeterna

Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/aa-2015-0007

Mária Kiššová

Abstract One of the most fundamental questions in the discourse on artistic creativity and interpretation is that of mimesis or representation; the relation and the ‘tension’ between experiential reality on one hand and an artistic construct on the other hand. In the present study, mimesis and the discussion about the connection between the experiential and the imaginary are understood as major characteristics by which man and the human condition are defined. From the context of the visual arts, the study proceeds to literature and, specifically, to an analysis of the novel The Real Life of Sebastian Knight (1941) by Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977). The main aim of the study is to show the questions of representation and interpretation as part of the universal inquiry about humanity and the human condition.

在艺术创作和艺术阐释的讨论中，最基本的问题之一是模仿或再现的问题;一方面是经验现实，另一方面是艺术建构之间的关系和“张力”。在本研究中，模仿和关于经验和想象之间联系的讨论被理解为定义人和人类状况的主要特征。从视觉艺术的背景出发，研究进入文学，特别是对弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫(1899-1977)的小说《塞巴斯蒂安·奈特的真实生活》(1941)的分析。这项研究的主要目的是展示作为关于人性和人类状况的普遍探究的一部分的再现和解释问题。

引用次数: 0

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