Abstract This paper aims to discuss the place of environmental right in the system of the 1950 European Convention – a fundamental Council of Europe treaty on protection of human rights. Interestingly, it does not explicitly guarantee the environmental right, it needs to be determined; therefore, if individuals can cite violations of this right in their complaints to the European Court of Human Rights – the authority guarding obedience to the European Convention. Analysis of the Strasbourg decisions implies the environmental right can be applied to highly diverse situations. In practice, complainants cite its infringements in connection with violations of the right to private and family life as incorporated in Article 8 of the European Convention. This does not mean, however, every time a complainant cites Article 8 of the European Convention to accuse a state of breaching their environmental rights, the European Court is going to accept such a charge.
{"title":"The environmental right in the system of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms – selected aspects","authors":"A. Dąbrowska","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aims to discuss the place of environmental right in the system of the 1950 European Convention – a fundamental Council of Europe treaty on protection of human rights. Interestingly, it does not explicitly guarantee the environmental right, it needs to be determined; therefore, if individuals can cite violations of this right in their complaints to the European Court of Human Rights – the authority guarding obedience to the European Convention. Analysis of the Strasbourg decisions implies the environmental right can be applied to highly diverse situations. In practice, complainants cite its infringements in connection with violations of the right to private and family life as incorporated in Article 8 of the European Convention. This does not mean, however, every time a complainant cites Article 8 of the European Convention to accuse a state of breaching their environmental rights, the European Court is going to accept such a charge.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45795573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Legal regulations concerning the structure and functioning of the Management Board of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management are presented in this article. The analysis is based on the doctrine and judicial practice addressing interpretation of regulations concerning the authority. Membership, the procedures of appointing and dismissing the Fund’s Management Board, its tasks, modes of sitting and resolving, as well as documentation of its activities are discussed.
{"title":"Legal regulation of the Management Board of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management","authors":"T. Dąbrowski","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Legal regulations concerning the structure and functioning of the Management Board of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management are presented in this article. The analysis is based on the doctrine and judicial practice addressing interpretation of regulations concerning the authority. Membership, the procedures of appointing and dismissing the Fund’s Management Board, its tasks, modes of sitting and resolving, as well as documentation of its activities are discussed.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47118533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the last decades, Poland has become the leader in mushroom Agaricus bisporus production in Europe. Mushroom production generates large amounts of spent substrate, which as a waste material must be recycled. Significant in this macronutrient content, inducing nitrogen, encourages the use of this organic waste material to fertilize, especially light soils. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of spent mushroom substrate fertilization on the properties of A horizon of the Stagnic Luvisol, especially for the variation in the nitrogen fraction, in the two-year cultivation period. The following laboratory analyses were performed: soil pH, organic carbon content, total content of nitrogen and sorption properties. The sequential extraction of nitrogen compounds was performed with a 0.25 M KCl solution (for the extraction of mineral nitrogen forms and the most labile organic nitrogen compounds) and with 0.25 and 2.5 M H2SO4 (hot hydrolysis for sequencing of organic nitrogen compounds that are easily hydrolysing and difficult to hydrolyse). The application of spent mushroom substrate to the A horizons of the experimental objects had an effect on differentiation of soil properties and increased their value (pH, Corg, N-tot, Hh, CEC) in comparison to the control object to a greater degree after the first, then after the second year of cultivation. As the content of nitrogen mineral forms was differentiated, more nitrogen was found in an ammonium form (N-NH4) than in a nitrate form (N-NOx). The organic nitrogen content formed the following series of increasing amounts: soluble organic nitrogen NOS < NOEH < NODH < NONH.
{"title":"The Influence of Spent Mushroom Substrate Fertilization on The Selected Properties of Arable Soil","authors":"A. Majchrowska-Safaryan, K. Pakuła, M. Becher","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the last decades, Poland has become the leader in mushroom Agaricus bisporus production in Europe. Mushroom production generates large amounts of spent substrate, which as a waste material must be recycled. Significant in this macronutrient content, inducing nitrogen, encourages the use of this organic waste material to fertilize, especially light soils. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of spent mushroom substrate fertilization on the properties of A horizon of the Stagnic Luvisol, especially for the variation in the nitrogen fraction, in the two-year cultivation period. The following laboratory analyses were performed: soil pH, organic carbon content, total content of nitrogen and sorption properties. The sequential extraction of nitrogen compounds was performed with a 0.25 M KCl solution (for the extraction of mineral nitrogen forms and the most labile organic nitrogen compounds) and with 0.25 and 2.5 M H2SO4 (hot hydrolysis for sequencing of organic nitrogen compounds that are easily hydrolysing and difficult to hydrolyse). The application of spent mushroom substrate to the A horizons of the experimental objects had an effect on differentiation of soil properties and increased their value (pH, Corg, N-tot, Hh, CEC) in comparison to the control object to a greater degree after the first, then after the second year of cultivation. As the content of nitrogen mineral forms was differentiated, more nitrogen was found in an ammonium form (N-NH4) than in a nitrate form (N-NOx). The organic nitrogen content formed the following series of increasing amounts: soluble organic nitrogen NOS < NOEH < NODH < NONH.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46539138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study presents the results of nine-year-long monitoring of the population size of amphibians (Amphibia) as one of the indicator communities used to assess the biological diversity level. The study was conducted in the Masurian Landscape Park located in Warmińsko-MazurskieVoivodeship. The obtained results demonstrated that 13 out of the 18 domestic amphibian species occurred in the area selected for research activities, including the species entered in the IUCN Red List. No clear correlation was found between the dynamics of population changes and the environmental, primarily climatic, determinants.
{"title":"The Dynamics of Changes in the Amphibian (Amphibia) Population Size in the Masurian Landscape Park Monitoring Results of Spring Migration Monitoring from the Years 2011–2019","authors":"W. Gotkiewicz, Krzysztof Wittbrodt, E. Dragańska","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study presents the results of nine-year-long monitoring of the population size of amphibians (Amphibia) as one of the indicator communities used to assess the biological diversity level. The study was conducted in the Masurian Landscape Park located in Warmińsko-MazurskieVoivodeship. The obtained results demonstrated that 13 out of the 18 domestic amphibian species occurred in the area selected for research activities, including the species entered in the IUCN Red List. No clear correlation was found between the dynamics of population changes and the environmental, primarily climatic, determinants.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44682381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Iskra, Łukasz Krawczyk, Jan M. Miodoński, Dominika Wierzbicka-Kopertowska
Abstract The article presents an assessment of the possibilities of using the heterotrophic denitrification process to remove nitrates from wastewater produced in wet flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) installations and also its optimization in the scope of basic technological parameters. This kind of wastewater is characterized by high salinity (even up to 40,000 g/m3), high temperature (up to 50°C) and low biodegradability, which is expressed by the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The experimental rig consisted of a storage tank and a bioreactor in the form of a bed with an apparatus for measuring basic parameters (temperature, pH, nitrate nitrogen). After an initial adaptation period, a high degree of nitrate nitrogen removal from wastewater (exceeding 95% reduction) was obtained with a reaction time of 180 minutes during the denitrification rate test (NUR). It was also determined that the optimal loading range of the active surface of the bed of 300 m2/m3 should be between 1.5–2.5 gN-NO3/m2·d. The results of the study show that when the required conditions for the development of microorganisms are provided, it is possible to fully adapt the denitrification biomass to the adverse composition of wastewater from wet FGD unit.
{"title":"Nitrate removal from wastewater generated in wet Flue Gas Desulphurisation Systems (FGD) in coal-fired power generation using the heterotrophic denitrification method","authors":"K. Iskra, Łukasz Krawczyk, Jan M. Miodoński, Dominika Wierzbicka-Kopertowska","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents an assessment of the possibilities of using the heterotrophic denitrification process to remove nitrates from wastewater produced in wet flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) installations and also its optimization in the scope of basic technological parameters. This kind of wastewater is characterized by high salinity (even up to 40,000 g/m3), high temperature (up to 50°C) and low biodegradability, which is expressed by the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The experimental rig consisted of a storage tank and a bioreactor in the form of a bed with an apparatus for measuring basic parameters (temperature, pH, nitrate nitrogen). After an initial adaptation period, a high degree of nitrate nitrogen removal from wastewater (exceeding 95% reduction) was obtained with a reaction time of 180 minutes during the denitrification rate test (NUR). It was also determined that the optimal loading range of the active surface of the bed of 300 m2/m3 should be between 1.5–2.5 gN-NO3/m2·d. The results of the study show that when the required conditions for the development of microorganisms are provided, it is possible to fully adapt the denitrification biomass to the adverse composition of wastewater from wet FGD unit.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49562551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Most waters in Poland are classified as medium or very hard. In case of industrial waters, their chemical composition and physical parameters play an essential role. The water ought to be soft and should not contain dissolved salts and gases. This water, which has not undergone a softening process, may cause damage to heating devices and boiler scale within a few years. Therefore, water softening is mainly used for heating and energy purposes. However, an important issue is technological processes in which water is used both as a product additive or as an agent in exchange of heat and mass [Reference Document…2001; Nawrocki, Biłozor 2000; Kiedryńska, Papciak, Granops 2006; Biłozor 2012]. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of changes in the proportion of decarbonised water in the process water stream on its parameters (oxidability, general hardness) and parameters of cooling water in water cycles. The possibility of limiting the consumption of raw water to the processes carried out on the premises of the plant and the possibilities of improving energy efficiency in the area of water and wastewater management with a variable stream of decarbonised water in the technological water was checked. It was found that the increase in the share of decarbonised water in the technological and cooling water stream is important in the implementation of process solutions in this area and has a positive effect on reducing costs related to the operational functioning of the water and wastewater management area.
{"title":"Innovative process solutions in the field of water decarbonisation as an element of integrated management in environmental protection – A case study","authors":"A. Kamiński, Michał Nadrowski","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most waters in Poland are classified as medium or very hard. In case of industrial waters, their chemical composition and physical parameters play an essential role. The water ought to be soft and should not contain dissolved salts and gases. This water, which has not undergone a softening process, may cause damage to heating devices and boiler scale within a few years. Therefore, water softening is mainly used for heating and energy purposes. However, an important issue is technological processes in which water is used both as a product additive or as an agent in exchange of heat and mass [Reference Document…2001; Nawrocki, Biłozor 2000; Kiedryńska, Papciak, Granops 2006; Biłozor 2012]. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of changes in the proportion of decarbonised water in the process water stream on its parameters (oxidability, general hardness) and parameters of cooling water in water cycles. The possibility of limiting the consumption of raw water to the processes carried out on the premises of the plant and the possibilities of improving energy efficiency in the area of water and wastewater management with a variable stream of decarbonised water in the technological water was checked. It was found that the increase in the share of decarbonised water in the technological and cooling water stream is important in the implementation of process solutions in this area and has a positive effect on reducing costs related to the operational functioning of the water and wastewater management area.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43668699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract History and legal regulations concerning the structure and functioning of the Supervisory Board of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management are presented in this article. The introduction discusses the historical background of the Fund. Composition and appointment and dismissal of the Supervisory Board members, their rights and responsibilities, as well as the Board's tasks are described in the successive sections. Procedures of the Board's sessions and resolutions and documentation of its activities are presented. The statistics contained in the reports that the Fund's Supervisory Board submits annually to the competent minister are analysed in the final section. The paper concludes with an assessment of legal regulations applying to the Board.
{"title":"Legal Regulation of the Supervisory Board of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management","authors":"T. Dąbrowski","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract History and legal regulations concerning the structure and functioning of the Supervisory Board of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management are presented in this article. The introduction discusses the historical background of the Fund. Composition and appointment and dismissal of the Supervisory Board members, their rights and responsibilities, as well as the Board's tasks are described in the successive sections. Procedures of the Board's sessions and resolutions and documentation of its activities are presented. The statistics contained in the reports that the Fund's Supervisory Board submits annually to the competent minister are analysed in the final section. The paper concludes with an assessment of legal regulations applying to the Board.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43408318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper presents results of research on the dynamics of changes in the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in selected lotic water bodies. Samples were collected in four time frames. The research involved surface water samples collected from three rivers in Poland: the Liwiec, the Muchawka and the Bug. The largest of them is the Bug River, which comprises the Liwiec River. The Liwiec River, in turn, encompasses the Muchawka River. The research was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest mean total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration of 184.4 ± 58.3 ng dm−3 was obtained in January in water samples collected from the Bug River, while the lowest concentration was recorded in September in water collected from the Muchawka River and was 46.5 ± 18.1 ng dm−3. The obtained values do not exceed the permissible limits for surface water used as a source of drinking water for human consumption in accordance with the regulation of the Minister of Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation of 29 August 2019.
摘要本文介绍了选定的洗剂水体中多环芳烃浓度变化的动力学研究结果。在四个时间框架内收集样本。这项研究涉及从波兰的三条河流采集的地表水样本：利韦茨河、穆查卡河和布格河。其中最大的是Bug河，由Liviec河组成。利韦茨河，反过来，包括穆查卡河。本研究采用高效液相色谱法进行。1月份在Bug河采集的水样中获得了184.4±58.3 ng dm−3的最高平均总多环芳烃（PAH）浓度，而9月份在Muchawka河采集的水中获得了最低浓度，为46.5±18.1 ng dm−3。根据海事经济和内河航运部长2019年8月29日的规定，获得的值不超过用作人类饮用水源的地表水的允许限值。
{"title":"Dynamics of changes in the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in selected Polish surface water","authors":"M. Kluska","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents results of research on the dynamics of changes in the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in selected lotic water bodies. Samples were collected in four time frames. The research involved surface water samples collected from three rivers in Poland: the Liwiec, the Muchawka and the Bug. The largest of them is the Bug River, which comprises the Liwiec River. The Liwiec River, in turn, encompasses the Muchawka River. The research was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest mean total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration of 184.4 ± 58.3 ng dm−3 was obtained in January in water samples collected from the Bug River, while the lowest concentration was recorded in September in water collected from the Muchawka River and was 46.5 ± 18.1 ng dm−3. The obtained values do not exceed the permissible limits for surface water used as a source of drinking water for human consumption in accordance with the regulation of the Minister of Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation of 29 August 2019.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47874564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) significantly affects the growth, development and yield of cultivated plants. In the era of increasing agriculture intensification and adverse changes in the crop structure as well as climate change, it is important to know the processes affecting the accumulation and degradation of SOM. This paper aims to assess the quality of organic matter in Stagnic Luvisol fertilised with bovine manure to varying degrees. Soil samples were taken in spring from topsoil after pre-sowing treatments. Three soil profiles were selected: soil fertilised with manure annually at a dose of 30 t ha−1, soil fertilised with manure every 4 years at the same dose and soil deprived of organic fertilisation in the past several years. The following laboratory analyses were performed (soil pH, total carbon content). Sequential fractionation of organic matter was carried out based on the Schnitzer method. In humic acid preparations, the elemental composition (CHNO and H/C ratio) was determined and spectrophotometric properties were measured. The conducted tests revealed a significant impact of manure fertilisation on the quantity and quality of organic matter. In the soil fertilised with manure annually, a much larger amount of SOM was found with a greater share of labile forms. In addition, humic acids extracted from the soil were characterised by lower maturity as well as molecular weight and condensation of the aromatic part of their structure.
土壤有机质(SOM)对栽培植物的生长发育和产量有重要影响。在农业集约化程度不断提高、作物结构发生不利变化以及气候变化的时代，了解影响土壤有机质积累和降解的过程具有重要意义。本文旨在评价不同程度牛粪施肥后的陆维醇的有机质质量。春季采播前处理后表土样品。选取三种土壤剖面:每年施用30 t ha - 1有机肥的土壤，相同施用剂量每4年施用一次有机肥的土壤和过去几年未施用有机肥的土壤。进行了以下实验室分析(土壤pH值，总碳含量)。采用Schnitzer法对有机质进行序贯分馏。在腐植酸制剂中，测定了元素组成(CHNO和H/C比)，并测定了分光光度法性质。所进行的试验表明，粪肥施肥对有机质的数量和质量有显著影响。在每年施肥的土壤中，发现大量的SOM和更大比例的不稳定形式。此外，从土壤中提取的腐植酸具有成熟度低、分子量大、芳香部分缩合等特点。
{"title":"Soil Organic Matter Quality in Soils With Different Levels of Manure Fertilisation","authors":"M. Becher, K. Pakuła, K. Czapliński","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) significantly affects the growth, development and yield of cultivated plants. In the era of increasing agriculture intensification and adverse changes in the crop structure as well as climate change, it is important to know the processes affecting the accumulation and degradation of SOM. This paper aims to assess the quality of organic matter in Stagnic Luvisol fertilised with bovine manure to varying degrees. Soil samples were taken in spring from topsoil after pre-sowing treatments. Three soil profiles were selected: soil fertilised with manure annually at a dose of 30 t ha−1, soil fertilised with manure every 4 years at the same dose and soil deprived of organic fertilisation in the past several years. The following laboratory analyses were performed (soil pH, total carbon content). Sequential fractionation of organic matter was carried out based on the Schnitzer method. In humic acid preparations, the elemental composition (CHNO and H/C ratio) was determined and spectrophotometric properties were measured. The conducted tests revealed a significant impact of manure fertilisation on the quantity and quality of organic matter. In the soil fertilised with manure annually, a much larger amount of SOM was found with a greater share of labile forms. In addition, humic acids extracted from the soil were characterised by lower maturity as well as molecular weight and condensation of the aromatic part of their structure.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47787120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Małgorzata Czarny-Działak, B. Wójtowicz, B. Gworek, I. Żeber-Dzikowska, Magdalena Działak, Jarosław Szajner, M. Bartyzel, I. Stanisławska, E. Kosowska
Abstract Medical waste is mostly generated by health care centres and veterinary, research and pharmacological facilities as well as laboratories. As the number people using home treatment rises from year to year, and the number of aesthetic medicine offices increases, the problem of potentially hazardous waste affects an increasingly larger population, and can no longer be restricted to the qualified hospital staff. Medical waste falls within the group of hazardous waste since it poses environmental threat of epidemiological contamination with pathogens and pathogenic bacteria. The article presents the classification and properties of medical waste and their impact on the environment. The legal status regarding the utilization of such waste in Poland was discussed as well.
{"title":"Management of medical and veterinary waste - legal regulations, threats to people and the environment and methods of disposal","authors":"Małgorzata Czarny-Działak, B. Wójtowicz, B. Gworek, I. Żeber-Dzikowska, Magdalena Działak, Jarosław Szajner, M. Bartyzel, I. Stanisławska, E. Kosowska","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Medical waste is mostly generated by health care centres and veterinary, research and pharmacological facilities as well as laboratories. As the number people using home treatment rises from year to year, and the number of aesthetic medicine offices increases, the problem of potentially hazardous waste affects an increasingly larger population, and can no longer be restricted to the qualified hospital staff. Medical waste falls within the group of hazardous waste since it poses environmental threat of epidemiological contamination with pathogens and pathogenic bacteria. The article presents the classification and properties of medical waste and their impact on the environment. The legal status regarding the utilization of such waste in Poland was discussed as well.","PeriodicalId":37767,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43046537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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