One of the constraints to cabbage production is pest infestation. Cabbage caterpillars, including Plutella xylostella, are pests that must be considered. The pests can reduce the yield by up to 90%. One of the causes of the decline in cabbage production is the attack of P. xylostella. Until now, control measures against P. xylostella still rely on synthetic insecticides, whose application can have negative effects. For this reason, alternative environment-friendly technologies are needed. One of these alternative technologies is citronella oil as a botanical pesticide. This research activity aims to evaluate the potential of citronella oil as a pest control agent for P. xylostella. The research activities were carried out in two stages: laboratory research and field research. Laboratory experiments aim to understand citronella oil's mode of action to reduce the population of P. xylostella. Field experiments aimed to determine the potential of citronella oil to suppress the population of P. xylostella in cabbage plantations during one growing season. The treatment of this study was the frequency of citronella oil application. The results showed that citronella oil could suppress the population of P. xylostella in the field and harm the growth and behavior of this pest. The mode of action of citronella oil to suppress the P. xylostella population includes feeding inhibitors, egg-laying inhibitors, repellents, and insecticides. Citronella oil has no adverse effect on the natural enemy, Diadegma eucerophaga. These results indicate that citronella oil has the potential as a botanical pesticide that could help implement environment-friendly technology.
{"title":"The effectiveness of citronella oil to control main pest on cabbage <em>Plutella xylostella</em> in the field","authors":"Rudi Cahyo Wicaksono, Mizu Istianto, Wiwin Setiawati, Rasiska Tarigan, Unun Triasih, Otto Endarto, Bagus Kukuh Udiarto, Ahsol Hasyim, Diding Rachmawati, Ita Yustina, Affandi Affandi, Lyli Mufidah, Susi Wuryantini, Riska Riska, Jumjunidang Jumjunidang, Dwi Setyorini","doi":"10.4081/jear.2023.11751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2023.11751","url":null,"abstract":"One of the constraints to cabbage production is pest infestation. Cabbage caterpillars, including Plutella xylostella, are pests that must be considered. The pests can reduce the yield by up to 90%. One of the causes of the decline in cabbage production is the attack of P. xylostella. Until now, control measures against P. xylostella still rely on synthetic insecticides, whose application can have negative effects. For this reason, alternative environment-friendly technologies are needed. One of these alternative technologies is citronella oil as a botanical pesticide. This research activity aims to evaluate the potential of citronella oil as a pest control agent for P. xylostella. The research activities were carried out in two stages: laboratory research and field research. Laboratory experiments aim to understand citronella oil's mode of action to reduce the population of P. xylostella. Field experiments aimed to determine the potential of citronella oil to suppress the population of P. xylostella in cabbage plantations during one growing season. The treatment of this study was the frequency of citronella oil application. The results showed that citronella oil could suppress the population of P. xylostella in the field and harm the growth and behavior of this pest. The mode of action of citronella oil to suppress the P. xylostella population includes feeding inhibitors, egg-laying inhibitors, repellents, and insecticides. Citronella oil has no adverse effect on the natural enemy, Diadegma eucerophaga. These results indicate that citronella oil has the potential as a botanical pesticide that could help implement environment-friendly technology.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agus Kardinan, Paramita Maris, Ireng Darwati, Zakiah Mustapha, Norhayati Ngah
Callosobruchus maculatus is the most pernicious pest of stored grain worldwide. Even though synthetic insecticides are commonly used to eliminate this insect pest, the negative effect of this pest management method on humans and the environment raises concern among people around the world. This study was done to identify the active ingredient of essential oils in Eucalyptus citriodora and Syzygium aromaticum and to evaluate the effectiveness of those essential oils in controlling C. maculatus. The results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the essential oil extracted from the leaves of S. aromaticum are rich in Eugenol and β caryophyllene as much as 81% and 14.65% consecutively, while E. citriodora oil contains 86% of Citronella. According to the bioassay results, increasing the essential oil concentration from 1% to 3% resulted in a significant increase in insect mortality rate, oviposition deterrence, and fumigant toxicity. Additionally, S. aromaticum has significantly shown a higher insecticidal performance compared to E. citriodora. However, there are no synergistic effects observed on the use of essential oil of both plant species on C. maculatus. These results suggest that S. aromaticum and E. citriodora essential oils could be potential candidates as a natural insecticide in managing C. maculatus in stored products.
{"title":"Efficacy of <em>Eucalyptus citriodora</em> and <em>Syzygium aromaticum</em> essential oil as insecticidal, antiovipositant, and fumigant against <em>Callosobruchus maculatus</em> F (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)","authors":"Agus Kardinan, Paramita Maris, Ireng Darwati, Zakiah Mustapha, Norhayati Ngah","doi":"10.4081/jear.2023.11670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2023.11670","url":null,"abstract":"Callosobruchus maculatus is the most pernicious pest of stored grain worldwide. Even though synthetic insecticides are commonly used to eliminate this insect pest, the negative effect of this pest management method on humans and the environment raises concern among people around the world. This study was done to identify the active ingredient of essential oils in Eucalyptus citriodora and Syzygium aromaticum and to evaluate the effectiveness of those essential oils in controlling C. maculatus. The results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the essential oil extracted from the leaves of S. aromaticum are rich in Eugenol and β caryophyllene as much as 81% and 14.65% consecutively, while E. citriodora oil contains 86% of Citronella. According to the bioassay results, increasing the essential oil concentration from 1% to 3% resulted in a significant increase in insect mortality rate, oviposition deterrence, and fumigant toxicity. Additionally, S. aromaticum has significantly shown a higher insecticidal performance compared to E. citriodora. However, there are no synergistic effects observed on the use of essential oil of both plant species on C. maculatus. These results suggest that S. aromaticum and E. citriodora essential oils could be potential candidates as a natural insecticide in managing C. maculatus in stored products.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135831372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bella, R. Catania, Pierluigi La Greca, V. Nobile, Giuseppe Fabrizio Turrisi, V. D'Urso
The present study analyses the ecological connectivity of four bee communities in fragmented areas in the foothills of Volcano Etna (Catania province, Sicily, Italy). The surveys were carried out in four sites under different land management regimes from 2007 to 2010. The selected areas include two different urban parks in the city of Catania (Parco Gioeni and Parco degli Ulivi), a Nature Reserve (Complesso Immacolatelle e Micio Conti, San Gregorio di Catania), and an agroecosystem (a citrus orchard, Aci Catena). The well-known bee community of a suburban park (Timpa di Leucatia, north of Catania) was considered as a control site. The bee communities include 163 species, belonging to the families Colletidae (10 species), Andrenidae (27 spp.), Halictidae (31 spp.), Melittidae (1 sp.), Megachilidae (49 spp.), and Apidae (45 spp.). Comparative zoocenotic analyses have been carried out, by calculating the main diversity indices and different methods of multivariate analysis. The ecological connectivity was evaluated through cartographic instruments by mapping the level of biopermeability of the foothills of Etna, to highlight how the level of naturality and ecological corridors could affect bee diversity. Furthermore, the degree of environmental fragmentation was evaluated through the biogeographic model of islands under the linear regression species-area, considering the examined sites as “ecological islands”. The data obtained highlight that reliable conservation strategies should consider firstly the maintenance of adequate ecological connectivity among environmental patches as well a high degree of local biodiversity, especially a high diversity of flowering plants.
本研究分析了意大利西西里岛卡塔尼亚省埃特纳火山山麓破碎区四个蜜蜂群落的生态连通性。调查于2007年至2010年期间在四个不同土地管理制度的地点进行。选定的区域包括卡塔尼亚市的两个不同的城市公园(Parco Gioeni和Parco degli Ulivi)，一个自然保护区(compesso Immacolatelle e Micio Conti, San Gregorio di Catania)和一个农业生态系统(Aci Catena的柑橘果园)。一个著名的郊区公园(Timpa di Leucatia，卡塔尼亚北部)的蜜蜂群落被认为是一个控制地点。蜂群共有163种，隶属于蜂科(Colletidae) 10种、蚁科(Andrenidae) 27种、Halictidae (Halictidae) 31种、Melittidae (Melittidae) 1种、Megachilidae (Megachilidae) 49种和蜜蜂科(Apidae) 45种。通过计算主要多样性指数和不同的多元分析方法，进行了动物群落对比分析。通过绘制埃特纳山麓的生物可操作性水平，通过制图工具评估生态连通性，以突出自然水平和生态走廊如何影响蜜蜂多样性。基于物种-面积线性回归的岛屿生物地理模型，将研究点视为“生态岛屿”，对环境破碎化程度进行了评价。这些数据表明，可靠的保护策略应首先考虑保持环境斑块之间足够的生态连通性，以及高度的局部生物多样性，特别是高度的开花植物多样性。
{"title":"Ecological connectivity of bee communities in fragmented areas of Volcano Etna (Sicily, Italy) at different degrees of anthropogenic disturbance (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila)","authors":"S. Bella, R. Catania, Pierluigi La Greca, V. Nobile, Giuseppe Fabrizio Turrisi, V. D'Urso","doi":"10.4081/jear.2023.11360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2023.11360","url":null,"abstract":"The present study analyses the ecological connectivity of four bee communities in fragmented areas in the foothills of Volcano Etna (Catania province, Sicily, Italy). The surveys were carried out in four sites under different land management regimes from 2007 to 2010. The selected areas include two different urban parks in the city of Catania (Parco Gioeni and Parco degli Ulivi), a Nature Reserve (Complesso Immacolatelle e Micio Conti, San Gregorio di Catania), and an agroecosystem (a citrus orchard, Aci Catena). The well-known bee community of a suburban park (Timpa di Leucatia, north of Catania) was considered as a control site. The bee communities include 163 species, belonging to the families Colletidae (10 species), Andrenidae (27 spp.), Halictidae (31 spp.), Melittidae (1 sp.), Megachilidae (49 spp.), and Apidae (45 spp.). Comparative zoocenotic analyses have been carried out, by calculating the main diversity indices and different methods of multivariate analysis. The ecological connectivity was evaluated through cartographic instruments by mapping the level of biopermeability of the foothills of Etna, to highlight how the level of naturality and ecological corridors could affect bee diversity. Furthermore, the degree of environmental fragmentation was evaluated through the biogeographic model of islands under the linear regression species-area, considering the examined sites as “ecological islands”. The data obtained highlight that reliable conservation strategies should consider firstly the maintenance of adequate ecological connectivity among environmental patches as well a high degree of local biodiversity, especially a high diversity of flowering plants.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44700775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite their potential as indicators of water quality and their key role in river ecosystems, Chironomidae is still poorly studied in Neotropical rivers. This lack of knowledge is especially relevant for rivers subjected to intense human activities, such as many rivers in Mexico. The aim of this investigation is to contribute to the knowledge of the midges of the Pesquería River (Mexico) along its main courses and relate the composition and abundance to river health. Thirty samples were collected during two different periods (August 2015 and February 2016) using a D-frame and kick sampling. Thirty-five taxa were found in total, with four taxa found in more than 50% of the sites and 19 only found once. Midges accounted for more than 50% of the total macroinvertebrate abundance. Chironomus gr. plumosus, Rheotanytarsus spp. and Cricotopus gr. bicinctus were the most abundant species. Collector-gatherers dominated in August (71% of individuals), whereas collector-filterers dominated in February (43,2%). The major factor explaining the midge distribution and abundance is pollution, while the structure of riparian area does not explain much of the midge richness. This is most likely related to the organic pollution coming from untreated or poorly treated sewage in the city of Monterrey and its surroundings. Three main sectors are distinguished along the river: i) the upper part section with higher biodiversity and presence of intolerant taxa; ii) the middle sewage polluted area with the presence of large red midges very tolerant to pollution (Chironomus, Dicrotendipes); iii) the lower section in the agricultural zone where the community is dominated by red, small midges (Rheotanytarsus). Overall, our study shows that Chironomidae can be useful as better indicators of water quality when genera or species levels are used instead of family or subfamily, as is usually found in most papers on river pollution.
{"title":"Chironomidae as indicators of water pollution in Pesquería River (México)","authors":"N. Prat, Daniel Castro‐López","doi":"10.4081/jear.2023.10861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2023.10861","url":null,"abstract":"Despite their potential as indicators of water quality and their key role in river ecosystems, Chironomidae is still poorly studied in Neotropical rivers. This lack of knowledge is especially relevant for rivers subjected to intense human activities, such as many rivers in Mexico. The aim of this investigation is to contribute to the knowledge of the midges of the Pesquería River (Mexico) along its main courses and relate the composition and abundance to river health. Thirty samples were collected during two different periods (August 2015 and February 2016) using a D-frame and kick sampling. Thirty-five taxa were found in total, with four taxa found in more than 50% of the sites and 19 only found once. Midges accounted for more than 50% of the total macroinvertebrate abundance. Chironomus gr. plumosus, Rheotanytarsus spp. and Cricotopus gr. bicinctus were the most abundant species. Collector-gatherers dominated in August (71% of individuals), whereas collector-filterers dominated in February (43,2%). The major factor explaining the midge distribution and abundance is pollution, while the structure of riparian area does not explain much of the midge richness. This is most likely related to the organic pollution coming from untreated or poorly treated sewage in the city of Monterrey and its surroundings. Three main sectors are distinguished along the river: i) the upper part section with higher biodiversity and presence of intolerant taxa; ii) the middle sewage polluted area with the presence of large red midges very tolerant to pollution (Chironomus, Dicrotendipes); iii) the lower section in the agricultural zone where the community is dominated by red, small midges (Rheotanytarsus). Overall, our study shows that Chironomidae can be useful as better indicators of water quality when genera or species levels are used instead of family or subfamily, as is usually found in most papers on river pollution.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42967869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agrius convolvuli (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) is a pest that feeds on young sweet potato leaves causing severe plant defoliation. This study was designed to report for the first time on the occurrence of the pest in the Haut-Katanga province in DR Congo. Survey and observations were conducted during the growing season in ten cities of the Haut Katanga province to detect the presence of A. convolvuli. Fifty-two sweet potato fields were inspected during the season. Larvae and pupae were collected in each city and reared in the laboratory at the University of Lubumbashi, DR Congo. Results revealed that the pest occurs in the province with Lubumbashi and Kasumbalesa being the most highly infested with 18.80±11.36 and 18.71±8.13% of infestation, respectively. The highest number of larvae per field and per plant was recorded in Lubumbashi alone with 18.80±8.04 and 3.80±1.48, respectively. Classification of sweet potato leaf damage indicated that Kasumbalesa, Sakania and Lubumbashi had high levels of damage. Positive relationships were observed between infestation rate and number of larvae per field (R2=0.3069; t=4.705; p<0.0001) but also between infestation rate and number of larvae per plant (R2=0.4478; t=6.368; p<0.0001). The findings of the current study suggest that A. convolvuli could be a potential threat to sweet potato production in the Haut-Katanga province.
{"title":"Occurrence of the sweet potato hornworm Agrius convolvuli (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in the Haut-Katanga province, Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"S.M. Ntambo, M. Cokola, M. Chiona, O. M. Kankonda","doi":"10.4081/jear.2022.10424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2022.10424","url":null,"abstract":"Agrius convolvuli (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) is a pest that feeds on young sweet potato leaves causing severe plant defoliation. This study was designed to report for the first time on the occurrence of the pest in the Haut-Katanga province in DR Congo. Survey and observations were conducted during the growing season in ten cities of the Haut Katanga province to detect the presence of A. convolvuli. Fifty-two sweet potato fields were inspected during the season. Larvae and pupae were collected in each city and reared in the laboratory at the University of Lubumbashi, DR Congo. Results revealed that the pest occurs in the province with Lubumbashi and Kasumbalesa being the most highly infested with 18.80±11.36 and 18.71±8.13% of infestation, respectively. The highest number of larvae per field and per plant was recorded in Lubumbashi alone with 18.80±8.04 and 3.80±1.48, respectively. Classification of sweet potato leaf damage indicated that Kasumbalesa, Sakania and Lubumbashi had high levels of damage. Positive relationships were observed between infestation rate and number of larvae per field (R2=0.3069; t=4.705; p<0.0001) but also between infestation rate and number of larvae per plant (R2=0.4478; t=6.368; p<0.0001). The findings of the current study suggest that A. convolvuli could be a potential threat to sweet potato production in the Haut-Katanga province.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46380298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palmetto weevil, Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is considered the giant weevil in North America (Weissling & Giblin-Davis, 1997). It is a severe pest of palm trees, especially cabbage palms (Sabal palmetto). Larval stages feed heavily on the internal palm soft tissues causing total palm loss (Hunsberger et al., 2000). We know that reports about controlling this pest are very scarce. This research project focuses, for the first time, on controlling Rhynchophorus cruentatus via plant-based insecticides. This study examined the potential of using neem oil extract®, a commercial product, against the third-instar larvae of palmetto weevil (R. cruentatus). Impacts of neem oil extract® on mortality, larval weight, the activity of detoxification enzymes, and thei gene expression levels were examined. Neem oil extract® manifested dose-dependent larvicidal activity against the third-instar larvae of R. cruentatus. Investigations revealed higher mortality and reduction in weight 24 hours post-treatment. LC50 and LC90 values were estimated 24 h post-treatment to be 12.04% and 26.48%, respectively. Biochemical analysis revealed increasing activities of three detoxification enzymes (Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione S-transferase, and Superoxide dismutase) in the third-instar larvae after 8 h of treatment with LC50. A significant elevation in the expression levels of detoxification genes (Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione S-transferase, Cytochrome P450, and Superoxide dismutase) was recorded in the treated larva. Our findings help to underline the detoxification mechanisms of R. cruentatus larva against neem oil extract® at both biochemical and molecular levels. Thus, neem oil extract® had a lethal potential against third-instar larvae of R. cruentatus and is suggested as a safe bioinsecticide that may be used in IPM of palm trees as an alternative to chemical insecticides.
{"title":"Potential of neem oil extract® against Palmetto weevil larvae, Rhynchophorus cruentatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its impact on some detoxification enzymes","authors":"B. Gabr, J. M. Lemmons, M. M. El-Bokl","doi":"10.4081/jear.2022.10470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2022.10470","url":null,"abstract":"Palmetto weevil, Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is considered the giant weevil in North America (Weissling & Giblin-Davis, 1997). It is a severe pest of palm trees, especially cabbage palms (Sabal palmetto). Larval stages feed heavily on the internal palm soft tissues causing total palm loss (Hunsberger et al., 2000). We know that reports about controlling this pest are very scarce. This research project focuses, for the first time, on controlling Rhynchophorus cruentatus via plant-based insecticides. This study examined the potential of using neem oil extract®, a commercial product, against the third-instar larvae of palmetto weevil (R. cruentatus). Impacts of neem oil extract® on mortality, larval weight, the activity of detoxification enzymes, and thei gene expression levels were examined. Neem oil extract® manifested dose-dependent larvicidal activity against the third-instar larvae of R. cruentatus. Investigations revealed higher mortality and reduction in weight 24 hours post-treatment. LC50 and LC90 values were estimated 24 h post-treatment to be 12.04% and 26.48%, respectively. Biochemical analysis revealed increasing activities of three detoxification enzymes (Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione S-transferase, and Superoxide dismutase) in the third-instar larvae after 8 h of treatment with LC50. A significant elevation in the expression levels of detoxification genes (Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione S-transferase, Cytochrome P450, and Superoxide dismutase) was recorded in the treated larva. Our findings help to underline the detoxification mechanisms of R. cruentatus larva against neem oil extract® at both biochemical and molecular levels. Thus, neem oil extract® had a lethal potential against third-instar larvae of R. cruentatus and is suggested as a safe bioinsecticide that may be used in IPM of palm trees as an alternative to chemical insecticides.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42797760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Vijaykumar, B. Shivanna, S. U. Patil, C. Reddy, M. S. Kitturmath
Virulence composition of traditionally designated biotype 2 field population of Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood- Mason) (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera) was conducted a decade after in 2019 and 2020 at coastal Karnataka, India using three standard differentials viz., W1263 (Gm1 gene for resistance), Phalguna (Gm2 gene for resistance) and TN1 (susceptible without any gene). The local population of gall midge was virulent against all 16 standard rice gene differentials representing four groups identified to characterize the prevailing rice gall midge biotypes in India. The local gall midge populations in the test locations expressed their virulence against all three rice gene differentials with varied female to male sex ratio of their F1 progenies. This confirms the prevalence of genetically heterogeneous population in coastal regions of Karnataka. Clearly, a progressive change in the virulence spectrum of local gall midge biotype 2 was noticed a decade after observations. In south coast, 73.33 to 87.27% population showed virulent attributes of traditional biotype 2 designated in 1989. Whereas in north coast, 79.69 to 86.36% population exhibited virulence attributes towards new biotype 3 for the first time in the state of Karnataka, India. These results suggested a progressive change in the traditionally designated population of biotype 2 capable of damaging resistant varieties in the region for over three decades. Further, the single female test for their F1 progenies in all endemic locations indicated an evolution of new biotype of rice gall midge in the region.
{"title":"A progressive change in the virulence spectrum of Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) biotype 2 after a decade in Coastal Karnataka, India","authors":"L. Vijaykumar, B. Shivanna, S. U. Patil, C. Reddy, M. S. Kitturmath","doi":"10.4081/jear.2022.10764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2022.10764","url":null,"abstract":"Virulence composition of traditionally designated biotype 2 field population of Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood- Mason) (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera) was conducted a decade after in 2019 and 2020 at coastal Karnataka, India using three standard differentials viz., W1263 (Gm1 gene for resistance), Phalguna (Gm2 gene for resistance) and TN1 (susceptible without any gene). The local population of gall midge was virulent against all 16 standard rice gene differentials representing four groups identified to characterize the prevailing rice gall midge biotypes in India. The local gall midge populations in the test locations expressed their virulence against all three rice gene differentials with varied female to male sex ratio of their F1 progenies. This confirms the prevalence of genetically heterogeneous population in coastal regions of Karnataka. Clearly, a progressive change in the virulence spectrum of local gall midge biotype 2 was noticed a decade after observations. In south coast, 73.33 to 87.27% population showed virulent attributes of traditional biotype 2 designated in 1989. Whereas in north coast, 79.69 to 86.36% population exhibited virulence attributes towards new biotype 3 for the first time in the state of Karnataka, India. These results suggested a progressive change in the traditionally designated population of biotype 2 capable of damaging resistant varieties in the region for over three decades. Further, the single female test for their F1 progenies in all endemic locations indicated an evolution of new biotype of rice gall midge in the region.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47083266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two new species and a new record of blood sucking biting midges of the subgenus Lasiohelea Kieffer, 1921 of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 are described after the morphological and molecular data. The new species. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) peditata and F. (L.) falcata were fetched from the Sub-Himalayan region, and F. (L.) parvitas (Liu and Yu, 1996) from both the Gangetic plain and western plateau regions of West Bengal. The DNA barcoding of Mitochondrial COX I gene has also been used as molecular evidence.
{"title":"Addition of species to the hematophagous biting midges of Forcipomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from West Bengal, India","authors":"G. Pal, N. Hazra","doi":"10.4081/jear.2022.10429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2022.10429","url":null,"abstract":"Two new species and a new record of blood sucking biting midges of the subgenus Lasiohelea Kieffer, 1921 of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 are described after the morphological and molecular data. The new species. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) peditata and F. (L.) falcata were fetched from the Sub-Himalayan region, and F. (L.) parvitas (Liu and Yu, 1996) from both the Gangetic plain and western plateau regions of West Bengal. The DNA barcoding of Mitochondrial COX I gene has also been used as molecular evidence.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42821536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Abuldahab, M. Abd-Elaziz, Y. El-Sayed, M. Abdallah, S. H. Mahmoud
The present work aims to investigate the midgut bacteria of honey bee (Apis mellifera lamarckii) workers and larvae infested with Varroa destructor. To achieve this task, uninfested and infested honey bee larvae and workers with the parasitic mites were obtained from natural bees apiaries in Qaliubiya Governorate, Egypt. Aerobic bacteria were isolated from the midgut of uninfested and infested A. mellifera on nutrient agar medium and identified using a culture-dependent isolation along with 16S rRNA sequences. The results revealed that both uninfested and V. destructor infested workers and larvae harbored gut bacteria belonging to Gamma-proteobacteria strains. The uninfested workers contained Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia nematodiphila, while V. destructor infested workers harbored Enterobacter species. Uninfested larvae contained E. hormaechei and Klebsiella variicola. V. destructor infested larvae harbored K. oxytoca as a result of infection. We concluded that the honeybee microbiome composition is likely to be impacted through isolates variation by stage and diversity disruption of isolates by V. destructor infection.
{"title":"Infestation of Apis mellifera workers and larvae with Varroa destructor affects gut bacterial diversity","authors":"F. Abuldahab, M. Abd-Elaziz, Y. El-Sayed, M. Abdallah, S. H. Mahmoud","doi":"10.4081/jear.2022.10316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2022.10316","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aims to investigate the midgut bacteria of honey bee (Apis mellifera lamarckii) workers and larvae infested with Varroa destructor. To achieve this task, uninfested and infested honey bee larvae and workers with the parasitic mites were obtained from natural bees apiaries in Qaliubiya Governorate, Egypt. Aerobic bacteria were isolated from the midgut of uninfested and infested A. mellifera on nutrient agar medium and identified using a culture-dependent isolation along with 16S rRNA sequences. The results revealed that both uninfested and V. destructor infested workers and larvae harbored gut bacteria belonging to Gamma-proteobacteria strains. The uninfested workers contained Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia nematodiphila, while V. destructor infested workers harbored Enterobacter species. Uninfested larvae contained E. hormaechei and Klebsiella variicola. V. destructor infested larvae harbored K. oxytoca as a result of infection. We concluded that the honeybee microbiome composition is likely to be impacted through isolates variation by stage and diversity disruption of isolates by V. destructor infection.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45665926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper reports 19 species to be added to the list of Lepidoptera Tortricidae of the Italian fauna. The new data come from entomologists living in Central and Eastern Europe and from the webpage of “https://lepiforum.org”.
{"title":"New taxa for the Italian Lepidoptera Tortricidae fauna","authors":"P. Trematerra","doi":"10.4081/jear.2022.10419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2022.10419","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports 19 species to be added to the list of Lepidoptera Tortricidae of the Italian fauna. The new data come from entomologists living in Central and Eastern Europe and from the webpage of “https://lepiforum.org”.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48744105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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