Cybercrimes and the role of law enforcement agencies are important. In print and electronic media, we are intimated that real offenders are being acquitted from the courts and FIA (law enforcement institutions) not playing a vital role along with criticism on the criminal justice system in Pakistan. The paper highlights the flaws which are hindrances in the conviction of real offenders. This study is beneficial to point out the causes of lacking confidence of the public at large and that of gaining its confidence in the system of Pakistan regarding awarding sentences to criminals. The role the FIA investigation agency in the criminal justice system is not a fairy tale, but one needs utmost struggle to obtain the desired results to provide justice in the society to achieve the herculean task of peace. The search of further efforts are needed to obtain the desired results as the significance of the study.
{"title":"Cybercrimes and Role of Law Enforcement Agencies: A Critical Analysis","authors":"Shaukat Hussain Bhatti, S. Adnan, Abdul Khaliq","doi":"10.48112/jemss.v1i2.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/jemss.v1i2.219","url":null,"abstract":"Cybercrimes and the role of law enforcement agencies are important. In print and electronic media, we are intimated that real offenders are being acquitted from the courts and FIA (law enforcement institutions) not playing a vital role along with criticism on the criminal justice system in Pakistan. The paper highlights the flaws which are hindrances in the conviction of real offenders. This study is beneficial to point out the causes of lacking confidence of the public at large and that of gaining its confidence in the system of Pakistan regarding awarding sentences to criminals. The role the FIA investigation agency in the criminal justice system is not a fairy tale, but one needs utmost struggle to obtain the desired results to provide justice in the society to achieve the herculean task of peace. The search of further efforts are needed to obtain the desired results as the significance of the study.","PeriodicalId":377831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Management & Social Sciences","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123258199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to describe the migration of migrants to Tanjung Putus Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province which has an impact on the marginalization of the indigenous population. The local government seems to support the marginalization of the indigenous people, namely, Malays who come from the coast of Sumatra. This study uses ethnographic research, meaning that the researcher will act as an anthropologist to find and describe the factors of migration and the efforts of the Malay community to maintain their identity. Data was collected by means of observation, interview data and document study. The implication of marginalization is that there are differences in rights and obligations that are socially formed. The process of marginalization of ethnic Malays forms social patterns which are manifested in the attitudes and behaviors they embody in their daily lives and these conditions will be very vulnerable to conflict.
本研究的目的是描述北苏门答腊省兰kat Regency Tanjung Putus村的移民对土著人口边缘化的影响。当地政府似乎支持边缘化土著居民，即来自苏门答腊岛海岸的马来人。本研究使用民族志研究，这意味着研究者将作为人类学家来发现和描述移民的因素以及马来社区为保持其身份所做的努力。采用观察法、访谈法和文献研究法收集资料。边缘化的含义是，在社会形成的权利和义务方面存在差异。马来族被边缘化的过程形成了社会模式，这些社会模式表现在他们在日常生活中所体现的态度和行为上，这些条件将非常容易发生冲突。
{"title":"Migrant and Ethnic Malay Marginalization in Tanjung Putus Village, Langkat Regency, Sumatra Province, Indonesia","authors":"Hapri Wannazemi, Hidayati Hidayat, I. Hajar","doi":"10.48112/jemss.v1i2.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/jemss.v1i2.216","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to describe the migration of migrants to Tanjung Putus Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province which has an impact on the marginalization of the indigenous population. The local government seems to support the marginalization of the indigenous people, namely, Malays who come from the coast of Sumatra. This study uses ethnographic research, meaning that the researcher will act as an anthropologist to find and describe the factors of migration and the efforts of the Malay community to maintain their identity. Data was collected by means of observation, interview data and document study. The implication of marginalization is that there are differences in rights and obligations that are socially formed. The process of marginalization of ethnic Malays forms social patterns which are manifested in the attitudes and behaviors they embody in their daily lives and these conditions will be very vulnerable to conflict.","PeriodicalId":377831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Management & Social Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124144808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fapohunda Tinuke Moradeke, G. Ishola, Olanipekun Lateef Okikiola
Green training and development practices have been acknowledged as veritable tools for addressing environmental challenges; it is also a key ingredient for promoting the acceptance of environmental conservation in the workplace because in the long run, it helps to creating a win-win situation for both management and employees. To this end, this study examined effect of green training and development practices on environmental sustainability with the objective of examining the effect of developing green abilities on environmental awareness; and examining the relationship between green knowledge and employees’ commitment towards the environment. Data was collected through the quantitative means from 175 employees of WAMCO Nigeria plc. 5Findings revealed that developing green abilities accounts for only 93.7% of variations in environmental awareness. This implies that developing green abilities have positive significant effect on environmental awareness as an indicator of environmental sustainability; in the same vein, there exists a positive and significant relationship between Green Knowledge and Employee Commitment towards the Environment which is a component of Environmental Sustainability with (r=0.942, p-value<0.05). The study concluded that green training and development practices are veritable tools for promoting employees’ consciousness towards the overall achievement of sustainable development goals. Thus, employee engagement and involvement in green activities should be prioritized and strengthened through periodic training and development centered on the attainment of green goals.
{"title":"Green Training and Development Practices on Environmental Sustainability: Evidence from WAMCO PLC","authors":"Fapohunda Tinuke Moradeke, G. Ishola, Olanipekun Lateef Okikiola","doi":"10.48112/jemss.v1i2.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/jemss.v1i2.212","url":null,"abstract":"Green training and development practices have been acknowledged as veritable tools for addressing environmental challenges; it is also a key ingredient for promoting the acceptance of environmental conservation in the workplace because in the long run, it helps to creating a win-win situation for both management and employees. To this end, this study examined effect of green training and development practices on environmental sustainability with the objective of examining the effect of developing green abilities on environmental awareness; and examining the relationship between green knowledge and employees’ commitment towards the environment. Data was collected through the quantitative means from 175 employees of WAMCO Nigeria plc. 5Findings revealed that developing green abilities accounts for only 93.7% of variations in environmental awareness. This implies that developing green abilities have positive significant effect on environmental awareness as an indicator of environmental sustainability; in the same vein, there exists a positive and significant relationship between Green Knowledge and Employee Commitment towards the Environment which is a component of Environmental Sustainability with (r=0.942, p-value<0.05). The study concluded that green training and development practices are veritable tools for promoting employees’ consciousness towards the overall achievement of sustainable development goals. Thus, employee engagement and involvement in green activities should be prioritized and strengthened through periodic training and development centered on the attainment of green goals.","PeriodicalId":377831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Management & Social Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131506472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research article with comparative surveys of US, Israel and Iran discusses that the Pakistani courts’ judicial approach requires an adjustment towards the enforcement of surrogacy contract as the grounds to assume the surrogacy and its contract invalid does not sit well with Contract Act 1872, Constitutions of Pakistan and International Human Rights Laws. The qualitative research approach has been utilized in this paper. The article concludes that the Pakistani judicial approach needs reforms to formalize and ascertain the enforceability of surrogacy contracts in alignments with the international standards. This will help the courts to evaluate the enforceability of surrogacy contracts on the basis of the “best interest of the surrogate child.”
{"title":"US, Israel and Iran Perspectives on Enforceability of Contract of Surrogacy: Time to Enforce Surrogacy Contracts in Pakistan","authors":"Rais Ahmad, Farqaleet Khokhar","doi":"10.48112/jemss.v1i2.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/jemss.v1i2.214","url":null,"abstract":"The research article with comparative surveys of US, Israel and Iran discusses that the Pakistani courts’ judicial approach requires an adjustment towards the enforcement of surrogacy contract as the grounds to assume the surrogacy and its contract invalid does not sit well with Contract Act 1872, Constitutions of Pakistan and International Human Rights Laws. The qualitative research approach has been utilized in this paper. The article concludes that the Pakistani judicial approach needs reforms to formalize and ascertain the enforceability of surrogacy contracts in alignments with the international standards. This will help the courts to evaluate the enforceability of surrogacy contracts on the basis of the “best interest of the surrogate child.”","PeriodicalId":377831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Management & Social Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134252847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MGNREGA enacted in 2005 as a social safety net based on right based framework to provide unskilled wages and employment to the needy households has gradually incorporated innovative schemes for creation of long-term durable assets to enhance the livelihoods of the participating households and making them self-reliant. This paper attempts to explore the impact of Horticulture initiative on small holders, underprivileged women & tribal households, which was initiated by Government of Jharkhand in 2016. The secondary data was accessed from the official website of MGNREGA for further analysis. A questionnaire-based interview of sampled beneficiaries of Horticulture Scheme from two Districts of South Chhotanagpur division of Jharkhand was administered for primary information. Case studies have been incorporated for creating support evidence for the study. The study reveals that the Horticulture Scheme under MGNREGA, “Birsa Munda Baagwani Yojana” (BMBY) has significant impact on the life of unskilled workers who became the beneficiaries of this scheme. Inclusion of scheduled tribe and schedule caste to this scheme is significant. It has accommodated the marginal landholding households to be the beneficiaries. Provision of associated training and support from NGOs, CBOs and administration have increased the coverage and inclusion of the marginal section and also ensured the technical assistance to most of the beneficiaries.
{"title":"An Exploratory Study on Recent Inclusive Approach under MGNREGSforUnderprivileged Women, Tribal Community & Smallholders Becoming Self-reliant (Atmanirbhar) in Jharkhand State in India.","authors":"P. Shankar, Pr Bhaskar, Arvind Hans","doi":"10.48112/jemss.v1i2.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/jemss.v1i2.218","url":null,"abstract":"MGNREGA enacted in 2005 as a social safety net based on right based framework to provide unskilled wages and employment to the needy households has gradually incorporated innovative schemes for creation of long-term durable assets to enhance the livelihoods of the participating households and making them self-reliant. This paper attempts to explore the impact of Horticulture initiative on small holders, underprivileged women & tribal households, which was initiated by Government of Jharkhand in 2016. The secondary data was accessed from the official website of MGNREGA for further analysis. A questionnaire-based interview of sampled beneficiaries of Horticulture Scheme from two Districts of South Chhotanagpur division of Jharkhand was administered for primary information. Case studies have been incorporated for creating support evidence for the study. The study reveals that the Horticulture Scheme under MGNREGA, “Birsa Munda Baagwani Yojana” (BMBY) has significant impact on the life of unskilled workers who became the beneficiaries of this scheme. Inclusion of scheduled tribe and schedule caste to this scheme is significant. It has accommodated the marginal landholding households to be the beneficiaries. Provision of associated training and support from NGOs, CBOs and administration have increased the coverage and inclusion of the marginal section and also ensured the technical assistance to most of the beneficiaries.","PeriodicalId":377831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Management & Social Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127855023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was done to look into different organizational change models and leadership behaviours in the change process. The case of poultry cooperatives of Jharkhand India was studied to look into the aspects of initiating and managing the organizational change process. A mixed approach of literature review and mapping behavioural aspects through unstructured interviews with the group of leaders and managers was done. The exploratory study helped find the crucial behaviours and role play by the governing board members and managers of the case cooperatives in organizational change management. Further research is needed to establish the leader’s behavioural contribution in collective enterprises run by the rural community of India. The study provides ample opportunity to do a detailed study of the subject matter.
{"title":"Leadership Behaviour in Initiating and Managing Organizational Change Evidence from Poultry Cooperatives, a Rural Enterprise of Jharkhand, India","authors":"Pr Bhaskar, Madhulika Kaushik","doi":"10.48112/jemss.v1i2.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/jemss.v1i2.217","url":null,"abstract":"The study was done to look into different organizational change models and leadership behaviours in the change process. The case of poultry cooperatives of Jharkhand India was studied to look into the aspects of initiating and managing the organizational change process. A mixed approach of literature review and mapping behavioural aspects through unstructured interviews with the group of leaders and managers was done. The exploratory study helped find the crucial behaviours and role play by the governing board members and managers of the case cooperatives in organizational change management. Further research is needed to establish the leader’s behavioural contribution in collective enterprises run by the rural community of India. The study provides ample opportunity to do a detailed study of the subject matter.","PeriodicalId":377831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Management & Social Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128698801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teaching is the most important and noble profession in the world. Teachers are very respectful in all manners. They are teaching because it was our prophet’s profession. All these slogans’ we teachers are listening in our practical life but on the other hand while we discuss about it in daily practice there is no implementation in Karachi. In Pakistan unfortunately mostly private schools are mistreating school teachers by humiliating and holding their rights and giving extra workload and also school administration do not support teachers which affect their overall teaching. This study is related to know the problems of private school teachers and how they are suffered due to administration. A descriptive quantitative approach is used in this research to gather data from the teachers and a questionnaire is prepared and given to the different private school teachers of Karachi. Two major findings emerged after the data results that effective and supported administration increases the teacher’s performance and also if they support their teachers, it also enhances the image and effectiveness of the administration.
{"title":"Administrative Problems faced by Private School Teachers in Karachi","authors":"Arbab Syed","doi":"10.48112/jemss.v1i1.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/jemss.v1i1.229","url":null,"abstract":"Teaching is the most important and noble profession in the world. Teachers are very respectful in all manners. They are teaching because it was our prophet’s profession. All these slogans’ we teachers are listening in our practical life but on the other hand while we discuss about it in daily practice there is no implementation in Karachi. In Pakistan unfortunately mostly private schools are mistreating school teachers by humiliating and holding their rights and giving extra workload and also school administration do not support teachers which affect their overall teaching. This study is related to know the problems of private school teachers and how they are suffered due to administration. A descriptive quantitative approach is used in this research to gather data from the teachers and a questionnaire is prepared and given to the different private school teachers of Karachi. Two major findings emerged after the data results that effective and supported administration increases the teacher’s performance and also if they support their teachers, it also enhances the image and effectiveness of the administration.","PeriodicalId":377831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Management & Social Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132543080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have a significant role to play in schools and classrooms. The world is shifting towards a new digital era and school administrators and teachers must adapt to prepare their students for it. This study aimed to assess the ICT competency of high school administrators and teachers in Antique, Philippines in terms of cognitive ability, skills, and attitudes. The results showed that both school administrators and teachers rated themselves to have high proficiency in general computer uses and skills in using Microsoft Office and other productivity tools, use of the internet and data management. They were also rated to have high proficiency in applying ICTs in classrooms to create an ICT learning environment. However, the standard deviation shows that the ratings were varied, particularly for use of internet, data management, and application of ICTs in classrooms. There were no significant correlations between the proficiency of school administrator and teachers. However, sex, age, owned devices, internet speed, and hours using the internet per day were found to be significant factors.
{"title":"Technology Leadership: Assessing the Competency Level of High School Administrators and Teachers in the Use of ICTs","authors":"Mary Rose Gemma Rodriguez","doi":"10.48112/jemss.v1i1.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/jemss.v1i1.227","url":null,"abstract":"Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have a significant role to play in schools and classrooms. The world is shifting towards a new digital era and school administrators and teachers must adapt to prepare their students for it. This study aimed to assess the ICT competency of high school administrators and teachers in Antique, Philippines in terms of cognitive ability, skills, and attitudes. The results showed that both school administrators and teachers rated themselves to have high proficiency in general computer uses and skills in using Microsoft Office and other productivity tools, use of the internet and data management. They were also rated to have high proficiency in applying ICTs in classrooms to create an ICT learning environment. However, the standard deviation shows that the ratings were varied, particularly for use of internet, data management, and application of ICTs in classrooms. There were no significant correlations between the proficiency of school administrator and teachers. However, sex, age, owned devices, internet speed, and hours using the internet per day were found to be significant factors.","PeriodicalId":377831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Management & Social Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121601969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hearing loss relates to missing certain sounds. The problem is certain sounds in the hearing nerve in our brain do not get enough stimulation. The nerves need stimulation. When it is not stimulated, the nerve stops working. When the nerve stops working, there arises complexity in our hearing nerves, which processes sounds that we hear. Similar to exercising which we do to keep your body healthy, our ears also need to hear sounds and recognize them to function at its best. So, the longer waiting time prior to hearing aids purchase, or to wear them, the less stimulation the brain and hearing nerves get. The speech recognition becomes worse. Studies by WHO shows that nearly 40% of the age group in between age group 55-74 yrs (McCormack A. & Fortnum H., May2013) suffers from this type of problem. If we compare with vision impairment Hearing Impairment users do not take this matter quite seriously. The problem of Hearing Loss is not only restricted to senior citizens but all age groups. Once the nerve is affected, there is no way to reverse the damage. There are also other side effects of not wearing Hearing aids. These include higher risk of cognitive decline, forgetfulness, depression, low performance at work leading to income, less productivity and the list goes on. The factors which responsible for non-acceptance are not single but rather they are multi faced. Starting from financial problems, Physical looks, Perception, discomfort, are some of the few reasons. In this paper has tried to identify the factors which are responsible for this challenge. There needs to be further research and findings which can provide more factors responsible. Major studies in this field in the near future can identify many other factors which are even date beyond our knowledge.
听力损失与某些声音的缺失有关。问题是我们大脑中听觉神经中的某些声音没有得到足够的刺激。神经需要刺激。当它不受刺激时，神经就停止工作。当神经停止工作时，处理我们听到的声音的听觉神经就变得复杂了。就像我们通过锻炼来保持身体健康一样，我们的耳朵也需要听到并识别声音，才能发挥最佳功能。因此，在购买或佩戴助听器之前等待的时间越长，大脑和听力神经受到的刺激就越少。语音识别变得更差。世卫组织的研究表明，在55-74岁年龄组中，近40%的人患有这类问题(McCormack A. & Fortnum H.， 2013年5月)。如果我们和视力受损的人相比，听力受损的人不会把这个问题看得很严重。听力损失的问题不仅限于老年人，而是所有年龄组的人。神经一旦受到影响，就没有办法逆转损伤。不戴助听器还有其他副作用。这些风险包括认知能力下降、健忘、抑郁、工作表现不佳导致收入下降、生产力下降等等。导致不接受的因素不是单一的，而是多方面的。从经济问题开始，外貌、感知、不适是少数几个原因。本文试图找出造成这一挑战的因素。需要进一步的研究和发现，以提供更多的负责因素。在不久的将来，这一领域的主要研究可以确定许多其他因素，甚至超出了我们的知识范围。
{"title":"Analyzing Factors Responsible For Non- Acceptance of Hearing Aids","authors":"Anjan Niyogi, P. Kumari","doi":"10.48112/jemss.v1i1.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/jemss.v1i1.230","url":null,"abstract":"Hearing loss relates to missing certain sounds. The problem is certain sounds in the hearing nerve in our brain do not get enough stimulation. The nerves need stimulation. When it is not stimulated, the nerve stops working. When the nerve stops working, there arises complexity in our hearing nerves, which processes sounds that we hear. Similar to exercising which we do to keep your body healthy, our ears also need to hear sounds and recognize them to function at its best. So, the longer waiting time prior to hearing aids purchase, or to wear them, the less stimulation the brain and hearing nerves get. The speech recognition becomes worse. Studies by WHO shows that nearly 40% of the age group in between age group 55-74 yrs (McCormack A. & Fortnum H., May2013) suffers from this type of problem. If we compare with vision impairment Hearing Impairment users do not take this matter quite seriously. The problem of Hearing Loss is not only restricted to senior citizens but all age groups. Once the nerve is affected, there is no way to reverse the damage. There are also other side effects of not wearing Hearing aids. These include higher risk of cognitive decline, forgetfulness, depression, low performance at work leading to income, less productivity and the list goes on. The factors which responsible for non-acceptance are not single but rather they are multi faced. Starting from financial problems, Physical looks, Perception, discomfort, are some of the few reasons. In this paper has tried to identify the factors which are responsible for this challenge. There needs to be further research and findings which can provide more factors responsible. Major studies in this field in the near future can identify many other factors which are even date beyond our knowledge.","PeriodicalId":377831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Management & Social Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124886885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The interest of researchers in exploring the various dimensions of human capital and observing its considerable impact on economic growth has caused the human capital theory to become a fascinating field of research for economists. The study focused on the impact of the human capital along with estimating a growth accounting equation for Pakistan. To fulfill the objectives of the study, two models have been estimated utilizing time series data from year 2001 to 2014. The first model transforms the standard Cobb-Douglas production function to its linear form using trans-log function. The 2nd model used three proxies of education enrolment at various levels along with two health proxies for human capital. The result drawn from model first concluded that Pakistan economy undergone through decreasing returns to scale during period under consideration. The 2nd model showed that the output per person is positively related to middle & higher secondary education enrolments while the enrolment at higher secondary education level & life expectancy showed a non-significant relationship contrary to infant mortality rate & primary education enrolment that showed negative and significant relationship. The study recommended policy implications that amongst the chosen enrolments at three levels, the education department may focus on enhancing enrolment at middle level while the health department may focus on reduction in infant mortality rate for enhancing per capita output in the country. The study has emphasized, for the first time, the need for inclusion of human capital as a separate factor of production like traditional labour and capital in national accounts statistics of Pakistan.
{"title":"Impact of Human Capital on Economic Growth- A Growth Accounting Equation for Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.48112/jemss.v1i1.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/jemss.v1i1.228","url":null,"abstract":"The interest of researchers in exploring the various dimensions of human capital and observing its considerable impact on economic growth has caused the human capital theory to become a fascinating field of research for economists. The study focused on the impact of the human capital along with estimating a growth accounting equation for Pakistan. To fulfill the objectives of the study, two models have been estimated utilizing time series data from year 2001 to 2014. The first model transforms the standard Cobb-Douglas production function to its linear form using trans-log function. The 2nd model used three proxies of education enrolment at various levels along with two health proxies for human capital. The result drawn from model first concluded that Pakistan economy undergone through decreasing returns to scale during period under consideration. The 2nd model showed that the output per person is positively related to middle & higher secondary education enrolments while the enrolment at higher secondary education level & life expectancy showed a non-significant relationship contrary to infant mortality rate & primary education enrolment that showed negative and significant relationship. The study recommended policy implications that amongst the chosen enrolments at three levels, the education department may focus on enhancing enrolment at middle level while the health department may focus on reduction in infant mortality rate for enhancing per capita output in the country. The study has emphasized, for the first time, the need for inclusion of human capital as a separate factor of production like traditional labour and capital in national accounts statistics of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":377831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Management & Social Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131273057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：