Human Microbiome Journal最新文献

We report here the main characteristics of a new species named Bacteroides bouchesdurhonensis sp. nov., strain Marseille-P2653^T (=CSUR P2653) that was isolated from a stool sample of a healthy 28-year-old Senegalese man.

We herein describe the main characteristics of Bacteroides congonensis sp. nov. strain Marseille-P3132^T (CSUR P3132) that was cultivated from a stool specimen of a healthy 35-year-old female pygmy from Congo.

Interplay between the gut microbiota and the immune system during HIV infection is currently a subject of intense research. Several remarkable works were recently published and clearly associated structural changes in its composition with disease progression markers. As well, specific commensal species were reported to contribute to immune activation during the infection. However, the use of extremely varied material and methods has led to inconsistent findings, sometimes discrepant. Herein, we propose to review the main studies dedicated to the impact of HIV on the gut microbiota composition such as those deciphering interplay between gut bacterial species and the immune system during the infection. We finally provide exciting perspectives in modulating the HIV gut microbiome to lessen disease progression as a novel adjuvant treatment.

Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) are the first cause of healthcare associated diarrhea in both Europe and the USA, causing between 15,000 and 30,000 deaths annually. Over the age of 65, antibiotic treatments are the two main risk factors of developing CDI. Fecal microbiota transplantation has a major role to play in managing these infections. Gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with CDI has been now comprehensively analyzed.

Elderly individuals, patients treated with antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors have a dramatically decreased level of gut microbiota diversity as well as undergoing structural changes in taxa composition. In addition to this decreased diversity, patients with CDI present an increase in species belonging to Proteobacteria and a decrease in Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XI, and some commensal bacteria as Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae or Bifidobacterium longum for patients with CDI, caused by the 027 ribotype. Fecal microbiota transplantation is followed by a reestablishment of diversity, an increase in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and a decrease in Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Streptoccaceae.

Most of the studies are performed using metagenomics and sometimes yield contradictory results. Large studies, including culture dependent techniques and metagenomics using optimized extraction protocols to limit biases should be designed in order to comprehensively highlight the gut microbiota dysbiosis and consider specific microbiome-based therapeutic approaches.

We report the main characteristics of Parabacteroides timonensis sp. nov. strain Marseille-P3236^T (CSURP3236) that was isolated from a stool sample of a healthy 39 year-old pygmy male.

We present a brief description of “Collinsella vaginalis” strain P2666 (=CSUR P2666), a new bacterium that was cultivated from the vaginal sample of a 26-year-old woman affected from bacterial vaginosis.

Here, we summarize the majors characteristics of “Murdochiella vaginalis” strain Marseille P2341 (=DSM 102237 =CSUR P2341), a new member of the Murdochiella genus cultivated from the vaginal swab of a 33-year-old woman with bacterial vaginosis.

We report here the main characteristics of “Olsenella urininfantis” strain Marseille-P3197^T (CSUR P3197). That strain was isolated from a urine sample of a 26-day-old boy suffering from gastroesophageal reflux.

We present a summary of the main characteristics of “Bacillus massilionigeriensis” strain Marseille-P2384^T (=CSUR P2384), isolated from the gut microbiota of a 44-month-old healthy girl from Niger.