Human Microbiome Journal最新文献

Contemporary science writing suffers from errors in quotations and misattributions. Given the importance of the microbiome to virtually every branch of science and medicine, its early origins and historical references are vital. Regardless of technological applications – culture technique or next-generation metagenomics – accurate referencing is essential to the scientific pursuit of truth. Despite claims and inferences to the contrary, the rich history of the study of microbiota and the microbiome didn’t begin in 2001; many lessons can be learned by closely examining the history of the gut-brain-microbiota connection, including the undervalued role of early pioneers in this field.

We report here the main characteristics of Olsenella provencensis sp. nov., strain Marseille-P2912^T (=CSUR P2912), Olsenella phocaeensis sp. nov., strain Marseille-P2936^T (=CSUR P 2936) and Olsenella mediterranea sp. nov., strain Marseille-P3256^T (=CSUR P3256) that were isolated from human colon samples.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting primarily preterm neonates. The pathogenesis of this intestinal disease appears to be linked to the disruption or delay of bacterial colonization, termed gut dysbiosis. Intestinal immaturity, antibiotic use and hospital microbial environment are the main triggers of this pathological process. Conversely, gut symbiosis is made possible by the presence of beneficial and commensal bacterial species that protect the immature gut from opportunistic pathogens overgrowth and inflammation. Herein, we review the relationships between gut microbiota and NEC in preterm neonates. We also discuss the role of specific microorganisms belonging to the commensal microbiota, highlighting the possibility for a toxigenic mechanism involved in NEC pathogenesis. We conclude on the importance of interventions aimed at providing or restoring beneficial bacteria populations, in view to efficiently preventing or treating NEC.

We report here the main characteristics of “Veillonella massiliensis” strain Marseille-P3594^T (CSUR P3594^T) that was isolated from two human colostrum samples from two different mothers.

Acne is the most common conditional skin infection in late adolescence. It has long played the part of ‘Black Spot’ against Natural Beauty, characterized by non-inflammatory pilosebaceous lesions of open or closed comedons, and inflammatory lesions of papules, pustules and nodules. It is typically affected the face, neck, and upper trunk area, where sebaceous follicles is densest in population, however prevalence is about 90% in teenagers. Recent advances have been made in this area with the discovery of Propionibacterium acnes interaction with Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and free fatty acid that initiates linoleic deficiency, also the role of linoleic acid and PPARs (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors) in inflammation. However multi-drug resistant of bacteria by biofilm formation is also a matter of concern, that render the course of treatment ineffective. With all relevant literature database search upto recent this review focuses on pathogenesis of acne and mechanisms involved in the development of inflammation.

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humic.2016.09.002. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.

The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.

We propose here the main characteristics of the new bacteria Actinomyces bouchesdurhonensis strain Marseille-P2825 (CSUR P2825) isolated from a gastric liquid sample of a 60-year-old man and Actinomyces mediterranea strain Marseille-P3257 (CSUR P3257) isolated from a duodenal liquid sample of a 76-year-old woman.

We present here the main characteristics of Peptoniphilus duodeni strain Marseille-P2932 (= CSUR P2932, = DSM 103346) that was isolated from the duodenum of a 60-year-old male.

Prokaryotes forming the domain of Archaea, named after their first discovery in extreme environments, are acknowledged but still neglected members of the human digestive tract microbiota. In this microbiota, cultured archaea comprise anaerobic methanogens: Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanobrevibacter oralis, Methanobrevibacter massiliense, Methanosphaera stadtmanae, Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus, Methanobrevibacter millerae and Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis; along with the non-methanogen halophilic Archaea Halopherax massiliense. Metagenomic analyses detected DNA sequences indicative of the presence of additional methanogenic and non-methanogenic halophilic Archaea in the human intestinal tract and oral cavity. Methanogens specifically metabolize hydrogen produced by anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates into methane; further transforming heavy metals and metalloids into methylated derivatives, such as trimethylbismuth which is toxic for both human and bacterial cells. However, the role of Archaea as pathogens remains to be established. Future researches will aim to increase the repertoire of the human digestive tract Archaea and to understand their possible association with intestinal and extra-intestinal infections and diseases including weight regulation abnormalities.

There is growing interest in the microbiome of the reproductive tract. The vaginal and placental microbiome has been partially characterized and shown to be related to obstetric outcomes. In this study, we developed a sensitive method to analyze 16S ribosomal RNA profiling from ultra-low bacteria counts, then studied the endometrial microbial environment by analyzing catheter tips after embryo transfers during in vitro fertilization (IVF). An extensive validation was performed on extracted DNA and culture lysates without DNA isolation from the single- or poly-microbial samples of Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Bacillus cereus by Illumina 16S V4 metagenomics workflows. The direct lysis method can reliably detect the genus or species taxonomic level for both single- and poly-microbial samples when there were more than 60 bacterial cells in the culture lysates. Over 99% total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned to correct genus or species. The endometrial microbiome at the time of embryo transfer was characterized by analyzing catheter tips with Illumina V4 metagenomics for 70 patients who underwent IVF cycles. Lactobacillus spp. were detected in all 70 samples. Other vaginal bacteria (Corynebacterium, Bifidobacterium, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus) were also detected. The Illumina V4 metagenomics workflow with preamplification provided a rapid and sensitive method for the identification of bacterial genus or species in single- or poly-microbial samples and clinical embryo transfer specimens. Ongoing work will illuminate the relationship between endometrial microbiome and reproductive success.