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Actor roles and linkages in the agricultural innovation system: options for establishing a cocoa innovation platform in Ghana 农业创新系统中的行动者角色和联系:在加纳建立可可创新平台的选择
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2021.1965752
J. Onumah, F. Asante, R. Osei
ABSTRACT Innovation platforms promote interactions among actors in an innovation system. Given the importance of the cocoa sub-sector to the Ghanaian economy, having an innovation platform is imperative for increasing innovative performance. Using qualitative data collection tools we obtained in-depth information on the roles and linkages of actors to provide options for the establishment/strengthening of the cocoa innovation platform in Ghana. Findings from the thematic and social network analysis suggest that stimulating the participation of farmer groups, actors in research, extension, policy, and the private sector is important as they have the power to attract and sustain relevant actors to the network and hold the structure of the cocoa innovation platform together. The study contributes to the literature by being the first study that has applied the SNA tool to the cocoa innovation system in Ghana and also by emphasizing the prominent role farmers and private sector actors play in such networks.
创新平台促进了创新系统参与者之间的互动。鉴于可可分行业对加纳经济的重要性,拥有一个创新平台对于提高创新绩效至关重要。利用定性数据收集工具,我们获得了有关行动者的作用和联系的深入信息,为加纳建立/加强可可创新平台提供了选择。专题和社会网络分析的结果表明,刺激农民团体、研究、推广、政策和私营部门的参与者的参与是很重要的,因为它们有能力吸引和维持相关参与者加入网络,并将可可创新平台的结构结合在一起。该研究是首个将SNA工具应用于加纳可可创新系统的研究,并强调了农民和私营部门行动者在此类网络中发挥的突出作用,从而为文献做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 9
Exploring functional dynamics of innovation for inclusive development: event history analysis of an ICT4D project 探索包容性发展创新的功能动态:ICT4D项目的事件历史分析
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2021.1956712
Berno Maarsingh, S. Grobbelaar, Mauricio Uriona-Maldonado, M. Herselman
ABSTRACT Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) projects aim to improve the living conditions of marginalized communities. However, ICT4D interventions have high failure rates. We draw on the Technological Innovation for Inclusive Development Systems (TI4IDS) framework, which argues that ICT4D projects are embedded in a system affected by many different actors, stakeholders and institutions. We analyze this through a qualitative exploratory case study of an ICT4D project for Elderly Rural Women in Mafarafara in Limpopo, South Africa. We map a set of TI4IDS functions through event history analysis (EHA) to explore how ICT4D projects may be implemented. We draw conclusions regarding the dynamic exhibited in the projects and show how the focus shifted from the development of knowledge and guidance of search to knowledge diffusion during the uptake of the technology with a more significant focus on resource mobilization and market formulation towards the later phases.
信息和通信技术促进发展(ICT4D)项目旨在改善边缘化社区的生活条件。然而,ICT4D干预措施失败率很高。我们借鉴了技术创新促进包容性发展系统(TI4IDS)框架,该框架认为ICT4D项目嵌入一个受许多不同行为者、利益相关者和机构影响的系统中。我们通过对南非林波波省马法法拉省农村老年妇女ICT4D项目的定性探索性案例研究来分析这一点。我们通过事件历史分析(EHA)映射了一组TI4IDS功能,以探索如何实施ICT4D项目。我们得出了关于项目中所展示的动态的结论,并展示了在技术吸收过程中,重点如何从知识的开发和搜索指导转移到知识的传播,并在后期阶段更加注重资源动员和市场制定。
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引用次数: 5
Is bioeconomic potential shared? An assessment of policy expectations at the regional level in Colombia 生物经济潜力是否共享?对哥伦比亚区域一级政策期望的评估
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2021.1956713
Alejandro Balanzó Guzmán, J. P. Centeno, Claudia Marcela Pinzón Rojas, Héctor Heraldo Rojas Jiménez
ABSTRACT As other technological promises, bioeconomy has raised expectations as a burgeoning field for the economy. Policy work in Colombia claims that such current focus on ‘bio’ should be profited by the country given its regional mega-diverse potential. Yet, the question remains to what extent such arrangements are shared regionally, in a country exhibiting variegated multi-cultural drivers and differentiated bio-potential. This paper tackles this question, assessing national policy documents and regional oil and mining royalties investment in the period 2012–2019. Conceptually, we build on the notions of integration and convergence to read regional funding and niche development as evidence of multi-level expectations. We combine content analysis, descriptive analysis and social network analysis to assess expectations at the macro, meso and micro levels. Results show that there is not a consistent regional translation of the discourse on bioeconomy, showing dispersed views about how to render bioeconomy real. Higher education institutions and regional governments play a central role in keeping the network together; however, the lead has been taken by regional governments.
生物经济作为一个新兴的经济领域,与其他技术承诺一样,也引起了人们的期望。哥伦比亚的政策工作声称,鉴于该地区巨大的多样性潜力,该国目前对“生物”的关注应该从中受益。然而,在一个表现出多样化的多元文化驱动因素和不同的生物潜力的国家,这种安排在多大程度上是区域共享的问题仍然存在。本文通过评估2012-2019年期间的国家政策文件和区域石油和采矿特许权使用费投资来解决这个问题。从概念上讲,我们以一体化和趋同的概念为基础,将区域供资和利基发展视为多层次期望的证据。我们将内容分析、描述性分析和社会网络分析相结合,从宏观、中观和微观三个层面对期望进行评估。结果表明,对生物经济话语的区域翻译不一致,对如何实现生物经济的观点分散。高等教育机构和地方政府在保持网络团结方面发挥着核心作用;然而,带头的是地方政府。
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引用次数: 0
Towards attaining the SDGs: cases of disruptive and inclusive innovations 实现可持续发展目标:颠覆性和包容性创新案例
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2021.1954751
M. Iizuka, G. Hane
ABSTRACT The transformation of sociotechnical systems is necessary for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); however, often this is inhibited by the institutional inertia of the public sector, vested interests of the private sector, routine habits of individuals, and the increasing complexity of globalized activities. While policies to stimulate the transition exist, these are still insufficient. Meanwhile, there are many independent private initiatives to advance the social agenda. This research uses case study methods to explore the potential of innovation ecosystems created by an emerging private sector in meeting social agendas with disruptive and inclusive outcomes. The cases included here are East Ventures (Indonesia), Samurai Incubate (Japan/Kenya), and Aavishkaar Capital (India). Each case examines the best practices of distinctive business models in response to societal challenges by financing startups. Moreover, each demonstrates the innovation ecosystems that effectively complement the missing public services. Examining these can provide insights into how public policy can be formulated to scale up and transform these private initiatives into broader societal transitions to accelerate progress towards achieving the SDGs.
社会技术系统的转型是实现可持续发展目标的必要条件;然而,这往往受到公共部门的体制惰性、私营部门的既得利益、个人的日常习惯和全球化活动日益复杂等因素的限制。虽然存在刺激转型的政策,但这些政策仍然不够。与此同时,也有许多独立的私人倡议来推进社会议程。本研究采用案例研究的方法,探索由新兴私营部门创建的创新生态系统在满足具有破坏性和包容性成果的社会议程方面的潜力。这些案例包括East Ventures(印度尼西亚)、Samurai Incubate(日本/肯尼亚)和Aavishkaar Capital(印度)。每个案例都考察了不同商业模式的最佳实践,通过为创业公司融资来应对社会挑战。此外,它们都展示了创新生态系统,有效地补充了缺失的公共服务。研究这些可以深入了解如何制定公共政策,以扩大这些私人举措并将其转化为更广泛的社会转型,从而加快实现可持续发展目标的进程。
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引用次数: 3
Issues in innovation and development in the handicrafts industries of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省手工业创新与发展中的问题
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2021.1951636
O. Abisuga, Kumbunani Mpofu, T. Nenzhelele
ABSTRACT The handicraft industries are of great significance and economic value to many poor households but are still being neglected without enough support from the government and non-government institutions. The purpose of this research is to describe the experiences and insight of the crafter’s business activities in the Midlands, as well as the critical success factors towards innovation and development of the industry. This study argues that the handicraft entrepreneur needs to be innovative, explore and try new ideas towards the development and sustainability of the industry. The research objective is to identify the basic factors that affect the innovation and developmental needs of entrepreneurs operating handicraft enterprises. Quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used for conducting the study. The key finding indicates an urgent need for intervention for handicraft entrepreneurs towards innovation and sustainable development of the industry. Hence, handicraft producers need more support than ever if they are to continue to sustain their livelihood and remain more worthwhile, with the fluctuations in consumer buying trends and tastes, combined with declining tourist visits to handicraft markets.
手工业对许多贫困户具有重要意义和经济价值,但由于缺乏政府和非政府机构的足够支持,手工业仍然被忽视。本研究的目的是描述工匠在中部地区的商业活动的经验和见解,以及对行业创新和发展的关键成功因素。本研究认为手工艺企业家需要创新,探索和尝试新的思路,以实现行业的发展和可持续发展。研究目的是找出影响手工艺企业企业家创新与发展需求的基本因素。采用定量的数据收集和分析方法进行研究。这一关键发现表明,手工艺企业家迫切需要干预,以实现行业的创新和可持续发展。因此,随着消费者购买趋势和品味的波动,加上前往手工艺市场的游客减少,手工业生产者要想继续维持生计,并保持其价值,比以往任何时候都需要更多的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Innovation versus technology imitation development strategy: what influences government decision? 创新与技术模仿发展战略:影响政府决策的因素?
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2021.1954361
M. Sabry
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effect of state-business relations (SBR) and institutional settings on government decisions to foster innovation in developing countries. It differentiates between informal SBR-based cronyism and formal SBR-based lobbying and how they could influence a government’s decision to implement policies fostering innovation. After a theoretical discussion on the available literature, a theoretical model building on and complementing the Aghion and Howitt (2009) growth model with institutions is introduced. The model provides predictions on which institutional settings induce the government to support innovation, rather than technology imitation/transfer strategies. Using the random-effects regression model, the empirical results support some of the model’s predictions. This includes the negative effect of cronyism and the positive effect of public frustration from cronyism on choosing the innovation strategy. A positive effect also results from a situation where natural resources-caused economic growth is matched by institutional reform that curbs cronyism and mitigates the resource curse. A short discussion on some case studies follows before the paper ends with a conclusion.
摘要本文研究了发展中国家的国有企业关系(SBR)和制度设置对政府促进创新决策的影响。它区分了非正式的以sbr为基础的裙带关系和正式的以sbr为基础的游说,以及它们如何影响政府实施促进创新政策的决定。在对现有文献进行理论讨论后,介绍了一个建立在Aghion和Howitt(2009)的制度增长模型基础上并对其进行补充的理论模型。该模型预测了哪些制度设置会促使政府支持创新,而不是技术模仿/转移策略。运用随机效应回归模型,实证结果支持了模型的部分预测。这包括任人唯亲的负面影响和任人唯亲带来的公众挫折感对创新战略选择的积极影响。自然资源带来的经济增长与遏制任人唯亲和减轻资源诅咒的制度改革相匹配,这种情况也会产生积极影响。在文章的最后得出结论之前,对一些案例进行了简短的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Apprise: inclusive innovation for enhancing the agency of vulnerable populations in the context of anti-trafficking responses 通报:在打击贩运行动中加强弱势群体机构的包容性创新
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2020.1854249
F. Sassetti, H. Thinyane
ABSTRACT This paper examines the design, development and implementation of an anti-trafficking intervention in Thailand, focusing on its context, supportive mechanisms, and outcomes. It reflects on a three-year engagement with government, NGOs and vulnerable workers to determine if there was a role for technology to support the initial screening phase of labour inspections. As part of this engagement we developed Apprise, a mobile app to enable proactive and robust screening of vulnerable populations for indications of labour exploitation and forced labour. The paper analyses the value sensitive and inclusive innovation process we undertook, aimed at empowering workers by enhancing their freedom to live the lives they have reason to value. We argue that, through prolonged engagements and higher levels of inclusive innovation, it is possible to uncover more of stakeholders’ underlying motivations and tensions for using digital technology. We also draw from amplification theory that posits that digital technology serves an amplifier of institutional and human intent and capacity. We argue that even with the most carefully designed systems, users will (mis)use technology to serve their original purposes. We discuss critical implications on the human welfare and privacy of vulnerable workers in the use of digital tools such as Apprise.
本文考察了泰国反人口贩运干预措施的设计、发展和实施,重点关注其背景、支持机制和结果。它反映了与政府、非政府组织和弱势工人三年的接触,以确定技术是否可以在劳动检查的初始筛选阶段发挥作用。作为这项合作的一部分,我们开发了一款移动应用程序Apprise,能够主动、有力地筛查弱势群体,发现劳动剥削和强迫劳动的迹象。本文分析了我们进行的价值敏感和包容性创新过程,旨在通过增强工人的自由,让他们过上他们有理由重视的生活,从而赋予工人权力。我们认为,通过长期参与和更高水平的包容性创新,有可能揭示更多利益相关者使用数字技术的潜在动机和紧张关系。我们还从放大理论中得出结论,该理论认为数字技术是机构和人类意图和能力的放大器。我们认为,即使是最精心设计的系统,用户也会(错误地)使用技术来服务于他们最初的目的。我们讨论了使用Apprise等数字工具对人类福利和弱势工人隐私的重要影响。
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引用次数: 0
Christopher Freeman: the soul mentor for guiding to write a new chapter in the new era 克里斯托弗·弗里曼:灵魂导师,指导在新时代谱写新篇章
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-06-13 DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2021.1930392
L. Chen
ABSTRACT The important role of Chris Freeman in the study of economics of innovation theory has been confirmed by his enormous contributions to the history of modern economic science via the revival of the Schumpeterian tradition focusing on the crucial role of innovation for economic development and of scientific and technological activities for well-being. This comment focused on Chris Freeman's discussion on the structural crises of adjustment, business cycles and investment behaviour in long-term fluctuations in the growth of the world economy and particularly in the Schumpeterian theory of business cycles. This comment began by looking at the framework of the article written by Chris Freeman and Carlota Perez in 1988. Next, the most significant advantages of the article were set forth with interpretations. The final section concluded the discussion by reflecting on his role of the soul mentor for guiding to write a new chapter in the new era.
克里斯·弗里曼(Chris Freeman)在创新理论经济学研究中的重要作用,已被他对现代经济科学史的巨大贡献所证实,他复兴了熊彼特的传统,关注创新对经济发展和科技活动对福祉的关键作用。这篇评论的重点是克里斯·弗里曼(Chris Freeman)对世界经济增长长期波动中的结构性危机、商业周期和投资行为的讨论,尤其是熊彼特商业周期理论。这个评论首先看一下Chris Freeman和Carlota Perez在1988年写的文章的框架。接下来,阐述了文章最显著的优点并进行了解释。最后一节通过反思他的灵魂导师的角色来结束讨论,指导在新时代谱写新的篇章。
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引用次数: 0
Innovation in the backward linkage firms in Ghana’s gold mining sector 在加纳的黄金开采部门落后的联动公司的创新
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-06-11 DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2021.1930395
Betty-Ann Ananeh-Frempong
ABSTRACT This contribution illustrates how Freeman’s ideas, concepts and approach, helped me build my framework of thought for my paper on innovation in supply firms to the gold mining firms in Ghana. Freeman’s theory of the National System of Innovation helped me to better understand the importance of government policy in developing the innovative capacity of firms. My research discovered that Ghana’s local content policy had increased local participation in the gold mining industry. Yet the lack of investment in the development of the technological capacity of firms and research institutions had led the firms that supply to the gold mining companies to import most of the items on the procurement list without adding any value.
这篇文章说明了弗里曼的思想、概念和方法如何帮助我构建了关于加纳金矿公司供应公司创新的论文的思维框架。弗里曼的国家创新系统理论帮助我更好地理解了政府政策在发展企业创新能力方面的重要性。我的研究发现,加纳的本地内容政策增加了当地对黄金采矿业的参与。然而,由于在发展公司和研究机构的技术能力方面缺乏投资,导致向金矿公司供货的公司进口采购清单上的大多数项目,而没有增加任何价值。
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引用次数: 1
Freeman projected into the future of innovation and development studies: a contribution to the celebration of Christopher Freeman 100th birthday anniversary 弗里曼预测未来的创新和发展研究:为庆祝克里斯托弗·弗里曼100周年诞辰做贡献
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2021.1936622
G. Dutrénit, J. Sutz
Every scholar, mature or young, need to pay due respect to the proponents of the concepts with which they work, because they have created the essential bricks of the intellectual building he/she aims to contribute at. It may happen that such respect, expressed by referencing determined authors, becomes a sort of ritual: you simply cannot avoid referencing them. Sometimes, the authors in question are referenced not only out of respect, but because they had made a deep impression in those using his/her insights, conjectures, conceptual proposals and empirical findings. Christopher Freeman was one of them. The organizers of this Special Section deeply believe this by their own experience, as students, researchers and, at least as important, as teachers. When we quote Chris Freeman, or when we explain Chris Freeman to our students, we refer to a way to looking into problems that helps understanding them in context. Perhaps these two elements are the key to his potent intellectual presence in innovation and development studies. Chris Freeman provides a powerful and multifaceted focusing device to look into problems and, even being an European scholar, he does not bear ‘the burden of the white man’, being thus recognized as an universal thinker, particularly from us, and for the authors of this Special Section: mature and young scholars of the Global South. We justified the call for contributions to this Special Section through the following text:
每一位学者,无论年轻还是成熟,都需要对他们所研究的概念的支持者给予应有的尊重,因为他们创造了他/她想要贡献的知识建筑的基本砖块。这种尊重,通过引用坚定的作者来表达,可能会成为一种仪式:你根本无法避免引用他们。有时,引用有关作者不仅仅是出于尊重,而是因为他们给那些使用他/她的见解、猜想、概念建议和实证研究结果的人留下了深刻的印象。克里斯托弗·弗里曼就是其中之一。作为学生、研究人员,以及至少同样重要的教师,本专题的组织者通过自己的经历深信这一点。当我们引用克里斯·弗里曼的话,或者当我们向学生解释克里斯·弗里曼时,我们指的是一种研究问题的方法,有助于在上下文中理解问题。也许这两个因素是他在创新和发展研究中强大的智力存在的关键。克里斯·弗里曼(Chris Freeman)提供了一个强大的、多方面的聚焦工具来审视问题,即使作为一名欧洲学者,他也没有承担“白人的负担”,因此被认为是一位普遍的思想家,特别是来自我们,以及本特别部分的作者:全球南方的成熟和年轻的学者。我们通过以下案文证明要求对本特别科作出贡献是合理的:
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引用次数: 0
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Innovation and Development
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