ABSTRACT The abrupt transition from face‐to‐face classes to online learning during March 2020 occurred as a result of the Covid‐19 pandemic. Teachers were forced to shift to online teaching with no prior training, while students had to adapt to a new learning format. The physical distance between students and teachers led to changes in interactions. The current study examines the instructional approaches used for online teaching and learning during the Covid‐19 crisis. The research focuses on using the Covid‐19 pandemic as a case study to explore crisis events and their impact on education system. The study uses a qualitative approach, with three junior and high schools participating. Thirteen teachers were interviewed, and 27 students participated in three focus groups, one from each school. The study's theoretical framework is based on the Transactional Distance Theory (TDT) and the Connectivism Learning Theory (CLT). The main finding focuses on teachers' use of autonomy to vary their teaching approaches, while students felt they did not know how to cope with the autonomy given to them and even felt neglected by their teachers. Therefore, in order to strengthen learners' autonomy, teachers need to design and monitor the scaffoldings by both structure (curriculum) and dialog (teacher‐student and student–student).
{"title":"Zooming into the Future: Implementing Theory into Practice for Educational Crisis Times","authors":"Ayelet Ayalon, Noa Aharony","doi":"10.1002/pra2.883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.883","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The abrupt transition from face‐to‐face classes to online learning during March 2020 occurred as a result of the Covid‐19 pandemic. Teachers were forced to shift to online teaching with no prior training, while students had to adapt to a new learning format. The physical distance between students and teachers led to changes in interactions. The current study examines the instructional approaches used for online teaching and learning during the Covid‐19 crisis. The research focuses on using the Covid‐19 pandemic as a case study to explore crisis events and their impact on education system. The study uses a qualitative approach, with three junior and high schools participating. Thirteen teachers were interviewed, and 27 students participated in three focus groups, one from each school. The study's theoretical framework is based on the Transactional Distance Theory (TDT) and the Connectivism Learning Theory (CLT). The main finding focuses on teachers' use of autonomy to vary their teaching approaches, while students felt they did not know how to cope with the autonomy given to them and even felt neglected by their teachers. Therefore, in order to strengthen learners' autonomy, teachers need to design and monitor the scaffoldings by both structure (curriculum) and dialog (teacher‐student and student–student).","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vandana Singh, Dania Bilal, Andrew Cox, George Hope Chidziwisano, Jesse David Dinneen
ABSTRACT Information Sciences is deeply invested in improving the future of AI globally. Information science researchers provide a critical voice in the growth of AI by bringing in perspectives related to AI Ethics, diversity, equity, inclusion, and AI education for all. AI is seeping into everyday life and is often a source of concern for people whose lives are impacted. The concerns of losing employment, inequitable access, and biases create a fear of AI among people. Library and information science educators and researchers have a rich history of working with local communities and representing local contexts. This experience places us in an important position to understand and evaluate AI applications and their varied impact in different contexts; for example, the same library‐related AI application would have different results in Europe versus Africa. However, AI and its applications in the global context are yet to be discussed and understood in the information science community.
{"title":"Global <scp>AI</scp> Initiatives: from Theory to Practice","authors":"Vandana Singh, Dania Bilal, Andrew Cox, George Hope Chidziwisano, Jesse David Dinneen","doi":"10.1002/pra2.873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.873","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Information Sciences is deeply invested in improving the future of AI globally. Information science researchers provide a critical voice in the growth of AI by bringing in perspectives related to AI Ethics, diversity, equity, inclusion, and AI education for all. AI is seeping into everyday life and is often a source of concern for people whose lives are impacted. The concerns of losing employment, inequitable access, and biases create a fear of AI among people. Library and information science educators and researchers have a rich history of working with local communities and representing local contexts. This experience places us in an important position to understand and evaluate AI applications and their varied impact in different contexts; for example, the same library‐related AI application would have different results in Europe versus Africa. However, AI and its applications in the global context are yet to be discussed and understood in the information science community.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This poster proposes a conceptual model to understand how digital events promote intangible cultural heritage (ICH) from a user experience perspective. The model is tested using survey data from 149 valid respondents. Our results indicate that two important attributes of digital events (event design and historical re‐enactment) significantly contribute to users' positive perception of ICH promotions. This positive perception further leads to increased attraction, user satisfaction, and engagement with ICH promotions. The value perception of ICH promotions includes three components: perceived utilitarian value, perceived hedonic value, and perceived symbolic value. We also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
{"title":"How Digital Events Promote Intangible Cultural Heritage? A User Experience Perspective","authors":"Yan He, Xiaoyu Chen, Lihua Wang","doi":"10.1002/pra2.916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.916","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This poster proposes a conceptual model to understand how digital events promote intangible cultural heritage (ICH) from a user experience perspective. The model is tested using survey data from 149 valid respondents. Our results indicate that two important attributes of digital events (event design and historical re‐enactment) significantly contribute to users' positive perception of ICH promotions. This positive perception further leads to increased attraction, user satisfaction, and engagement with ICH promotions. The value perception of ICH promotions includes three components: perceived utilitarian value, perceived hedonic value, and perceived symbolic value. We also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study represents the initial phase of a broader investigation into the significance of information seeking and personal information management (PIM) practices during life transitions. It focuses on early‐career researchers who experience multiple academic transitions and aims to identify the information practices they use and their role in promoting successful life transitions. To achieve this goal, in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were held with 15 early‐career researchers who recently completed their PhDs or graduated. Findings suggest that the participants relied on iterative cycles of various information seeking and validation practices to transition between positions and academic institutions, which improved their knowledge about the transition and reduced uncertainty. Once a network of transition‐related information was established, participants began utilizing PIM practices to organize their information and plan for the transition, thereby enhancing their sense of control over their information and maintaining it over the long term in an unstable environment. The study underscores the importance of information practices during life transitions and recommends interventions such as institutional support and information skills training programs to assist early‐career researchers in challenging transitions. The subsequent study will build upon these findings to further examine the role of information behavior in facilitating life transitions.
{"title":"Exploring Information Seeking and <scp>PIM</scp> Practices of <scp>Early‐Career</scp> Researchers: Insights into Navigating Academic Transitions","authors":"Lilach Alon","doi":"10.1002/pra2.808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.808","url":null,"abstract":"This study represents the initial phase of a broader investigation into the significance of information seeking and personal information management (PIM) practices during life transitions. It focuses on early‐career researchers who experience multiple academic transitions and aims to identify the information practices they use and their role in promoting successful life transitions. To achieve this goal, in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were held with 15 early‐career researchers who recently completed their PhDs or graduated. Findings suggest that the participants relied on iterative cycles of various information seeking and validation practices to transition between positions and academic institutions, which improved their knowledge about the transition and reduced uncertainty. Once a network of transition‐related information was established, participants began utilizing PIM practices to organize their information and plan for the transition, thereby enhancing their sense of control over their information and maintaining it over the long term in an unstable environment. The study underscores the importance of information practices during life transitions and recommends interventions such as institutional support and information skills training programs to assist early‐career researchers in challenging transitions. The subsequent study will build upon these findings to further examine the role of information behavior in facilitating life transitions.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Information behavior research to date has mainly focused specific cases or representative surveys at the individual level, because each individual has unique contexts that shape their behavior. However, they have not fully benefited from aggregate‐level analyses due to mainstream theories' focus on a contextualized understanding of information. To address this gap, we adopt the theory of local information landscapes, that focuses on the material aspects of community dynamics, and analyze national‐level aggregate data on book circulations in public libraries across South Korea. By examining the relationship between socioeconomic status and public library book circulation, we discuss the potential to develop scalable theories and relevant data‐driven approaches in information behavior research.
{"title":"<scp>Aggregate‐Level</scp> Analysis of Information Behavior: A Study of Public Library Book Circulation","authors":"Myeong Lee, Jongwook Lee, Woojin Kang, Sanghee Oh","doi":"10.1002/pra2.933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.933","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Information behavior research to date has mainly focused specific cases or representative surveys at the individual level, because each individual has unique contexts that shape their behavior. However, they have not fully benefited from aggregate‐level analyses due to mainstream theories' focus on a contextualized understanding of information. To address this gap, we adopt the theory of local information landscapes, that focuses on the material aspects of community dynamics, and analyze national‐level aggregate data on book circulations in public libraries across South Korea. By examining the relationship between socioeconomic status and public library book circulation, we discuss the potential to develop scalable theories and relevant data‐driven approaches in information behavior research.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Deepfake research has gained traction in recent years. Surveys have been conducted to summarize work on the detection and generation of deepfakes. However, a more comprehensive and quantitative overview that encompasses both technical and non‐technical areas is lacking. We address this gap using topic modelling to discover deepfake research topics in academic publications. Our results show that while detection techniques topics dominate the research field, other areas, such as privacy and legal research, offer potential avenues for further exploration.
{"title":"Understanding Deepfake Research and Trends through Topic Modelling","authors":"Chen Chen, Dion Hoe‐Lian Goh","doi":"10.1002/pra2.895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.895","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Deepfake research has gained traction in recent years. Surveys have been conducted to summarize work on the detection and generation of deepfakes. However, a more comprehensive and quantitative overview that encompasses both technical and non‐technical areas is lacking. We address this gap using topic modelling to discover deepfake research topics in academic publications. Our results show that while detection techniques topics dominate the research field, other areas, such as privacy and legal research, offer potential avenues for further exploration.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Marginalization and stigma can shape the information practices of vulnerable groups. Using examples from previous research, this short paper examines how norms and marginalization can serve as information barriers in societal and medical settings for transgender and non‐binary people. The results indicate the presence of several information barriers that are related to marginalization and gender norms in both social and medical settings. Marginalization can result in covert information seeking, and gender norms can affect embodied information practices, such as information sharing. Medical authorities hold authority that can impose barriers on information sharing and lead to gender norms being adhered to in medical settings. The results highlight various practical implications for information and healthcare providers.
{"title":"Information Barriers Caused by Marginalization and Norms: Experiences of Transgender and <scp>Non‐Binary</scp> People","authors":"Aira Huttunen","doi":"10.1002/pra2.825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.825","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Marginalization and stigma can shape the information practices of vulnerable groups. Using examples from previous research, this short paper examines how norms and marginalization can serve as information barriers in societal and medical settings for transgender and non‐binary people. The results indicate the presence of several information barriers that are related to marginalization and gender norms in both social and medical settings. Marginalization can result in covert information seeking, and gender norms can affect embodied information practices, such as information sharing. Medical authorities hold authority that can impose barriers on information sharing and lead to gender norms being adhered to in medical settings. The results highlight various practical implications for information and healthcare providers.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaotong Du, Sarah Polkinghorne, Melissa Ocepek, Kaitlin Costello
ABSTRACT Growing global concerns over food safety, food price inflation, and climate change demand urgent attention in scientific fields. Food information behavior and practice have been a vibrant and growing research area in library and information science, following the user‐centered paradigm shift and everyday life information needs, seeking, and use research since the 1970s. Research has shown that people engage with informal and embodied information to guide food practices (e.g., shopping, cooking, eating, and sustainability transitions). Food and health research challenge research methods and approaches in everyday information behavior and inform everyday practices, technological services, policies, and actions. In this panel, following a brief introduction, each panelist will share their research approaches and/or findings about food, health, and information research. We aim to invite and foster an open discussion with audiences to explore research opportunities, challenges, and approaches to studying food in library and information science.
{"title":"Building a Bigger Table: Food Research, Methods, Policy, and Action in Library and Information Science","authors":"Xiaotong Du, Sarah Polkinghorne, Melissa Ocepek, Kaitlin Costello","doi":"10.1002/pra2.857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.857","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Growing global concerns over food safety, food price inflation, and climate change demand urgent attention in scientific fields. Food information behavior and practice have been a vibrant and growing research area in library and information science, following the user‐centered paradigm shift and everyday life information needs, seeking, and use research since the 1970s. Research has shown that people engage with informal and embodied information to guide food practices (e.g., shopping, cooking, eating, and sustainability transitions). Food and health research challenge research methods and approaches in everyday information behavior and inform everyday practices, technological services, policies, and actions. In this panel, following a brief introduction, each panelist will share their research approaches and/or findings about food, health, and information research. We aim to invite and foster an open discussion with audiences to explore research opportunities, challenges, and approaches to studying food in library and information science.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The Nineteenth‐Century Short Title Catalog (NSTC) attempts to provide comprehensive coverage of the print record in the English‐speaking world from 1801 to 1918 based primarily on the catalog records of Britain's five legal deposit libraries during the 19th century. Previous studies have used the NSTC to quantitatively study broad trends in Victorian‐era British publishing, but they have not sufficiently acknowledged the NSTC's limitations. This study works within the NSTC's limitations by using it to quantitatively study the phenomena of legal deposit. Analysis of two, 90‐volume random samples of first edition English novels reveals the impact of changing library acquisition practices and legal deposit legislation on the comprehensiveness of Britain's legal deposit libraries, as well as the NSTC's comprehensiveness and how it can be utilized for quantitative book history despite its deficiencies.
{"title":"Novels and the <scp>NSTC</scp>: A Quantitative Study of Legal Deposit","authors":"Alexandra Wingate","doi":"10.1002/pra2.986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.986","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Nineteenth‐Century Short Title Catalog (NSTC) attempts to provide comprehensive coverage of the print record in the English‐speaking world from 1801 to 1918 based primarily on the catalog records of Britain's five legal deposit libraries during the 19th century. Previous studies have used the NSTC to quantitatively study broad trends in Victorian‐era British publishing, but they have not sufficiently acknowledged the NSTC's limitations. This study works within the NSTC's limitations by using it to quantitatively study the phenomena of legal deposit. Analysis of two, 90‐volume random samples of first edition English novels reveals the impact of changing library acquisition practices and legal deposit legislation on the comprehensiveness of Britain's legal deposit libraries, as well as the NSTC's comprehensiveness and how it can be utilized for quantitative book history despite its deficiencies.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"684 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of digital reading patterns on comics, specifically examining page‐by‐page and scrolling formats. We compare the unique layout characteristics of each format and scrutinize the level of reader engagement elicited by these two distinct types of comics. In this study, we conducted a between‐subject, eye‐tracking experiment and the following semi‐structured interviews with 20 reader participants. Results highlighted that readers of page‐by‐page comics scan quickly, while scrolling comics require navigating through each panel. The research concludes that page‐by‐page comics enhance reading efficiency but increase cognitive burden, while scrolling comics provide more breathing room but may seem redundant. These findings contribute to understanding reader perspectives on comics reading behaviors, providing insights for the digital transformation of the comic industry.
{"title":"Flipping Vs. Scrolling in Digital Narratives: Reader Engagement and Reading Patterns in Comic Layouts","authors":"Ching‐Shiuan Chen, Yu‐Jie Lin, Wei Jeng","doi":"10.1002/pra2.896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.896","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of digital reading patterns on comics, specifically examining page‐by‐page and scrolling formats. We compare the unique layout characteristics of each format and scrutinize the level of reader engagement elicited by these two distinct types of comics. In this study, we conducted a between‐subject, eye‐tracking experiment and the following semi‐structured interviews with 20 reader participants. Results highlighted that readers of page‐by‐page comics scan quickly, while scrolling comics require navigating through each panel. The research concludes that page‐by‐page comics enhance reading efficiency but increase cognitive burden, while scrolling comics provide more breathing room but may seem redundant. These findings contribute to understanding reader perspectives on comics reading behaviors, providing insights for the digital transformation of the comic industry.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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