Sarika Sharma, James Wilson, Yubing Tian, Megan Finn, Amelia Acker
ABSTRACT The goals of open science are driven by policies requiring data management, sharing, and accessibility. One way of measuring the impact of open science policies on scientific knowledge is to access data that has been prepared for re‐use. But how accessible/available are data resources? In this paper, we discuss a method for exploring and locating datasets made available by scientists from federally funded projects in the US. The data pathways method was tested on federal awards. Here we describe the method and the results from analyzing fifty federal awards granted by the National Science Foundation to pursue data resources and their availability in publications, data repositories, or institutional repositories. The data pathways approach contributes to the development of a practical approach on availability that captures the current ways in which data are accessible from federally funded science projects –ranging from institutional repositories, journal data deposit, PI and project web pages, and science data platforms, among other found possibilities. This paper discusses some background and motivations for such a method, the method, research design, barriers encountered when searching for data resources from projects, and how this method can be useful to future studies of data availability.
{"title":"The New Information Retrieval Problem: Data Availability","authors":"Sarika Sharma, James Wilson, Yubing Tian, Megan Finn, Amelia Acker","doi":"10.1002/pra2.796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.796","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The goals of open science are driven by policies requiring data management, sharing, and accessibility. One way of measuring the impact of open science policies on scientific knowledge is to access data that has been prepared for re‐use. But how accessible/available are data resources? In this paper, we discuss a method for exploring and locating datasets made available by scientists from federally funded projects in the US. The data pathways method was tested on federal awards. Here we describe the method and the results from analyzing fifty federal awards granted by the National Science Foundation to pursue data resources and their availability in publications, data repositories, or institutional repositories. The data pathways approach contributes to the development of a practical approach on availability that captures the current ways in which data are accessible from federally funded science projects –ranging from institutional repositories, journal data deposit, PI and project web pages, and science data platforms, among other found possibilities. This paper discusses some background and motivations for such a method, the method, research design, barriers encountered when searching for data resources from projects, and how this method can be useful to future studies of data availability.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruoyao Zeng, Siyi Song, Zhengxi Guo, Dion Hoe‐Lian Goh, Chei Sian Lee
ABSTRACT The prevalence of deepfake technology has led to concerns about the ability of people to spot real videos from fakes. We address these concerns through a diary study to elicit strategies people use to identify deepfake and real videos. Results indicate that different strategies were associated with deepfake and real video identification. Interestingly, popular strategies were often not as effective as less popular ones. Implications of our work are discussed.
{"title":"Real or Fake: Eliciting Deepfake Identification Strategies through a Diary Study","authors":"Ruoyao Zeng, Siyi Song, Zhengxi Guo, Dion Hoe‐Lian Goh, Chei Sian Lee","doi":"10.1002/pra2.993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.993","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The prevalence of deepfake technology has led to concerns about the ability of people to spot real videos from fakes. We address these concerns through a diary study to elicit strategies people use to identify deepfake and real videos. Results indicate that different strategies were associated with deepfake and real video identification. Interestingly, popular strategies were often not as effective as less popular ones. Implications of our work are discussed.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This high‐exposure study explores the information seeking practices of a specific unstably housed, mobile population. Vehicle residents earn a wage but have chosen to move into their vehicles as a survival strategy during a time when housing expenses account for more than half of lower‐income Americans’ monthly income. Drawing from previous work that highlights the importance of place in information behavior, this study investigates the ways that places influence information seeking for a population whose information environment is ever‐changing. This study is informed by two sets of semi‐structured interviews with seven individuals, including information horizon interviews and guided tours, from November 2020‐June 2021. Key initial findings demonstrate that both place and mobility constrain and facilitate information seeking for participants. Overall, understanding the unique features and needs of this particular group results in a more thorough comprehension of their information seeking practices to better understand information and service provision, information inequality, and inequity.
{"title":"When Push Comes To Pull: Place, Mobility, and Information Access for Vehicle Residents","authors":"Kaitlin E. Montague","doi":"10.1002/pra2.837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.837","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This high‐exposure study explores the information seeking practices of a specific unstably housed, mobile population. Vehicle residents earn a wage but have chosen to move into their vehicles as a survival strategy during a time when housing expenses account for more than half of lower‐income Americans’ monthly income. Drawing from previous work that highlights the importance of place in information behavior, this study investigates the ways that places influence information seeking for a population whose information environment is ever‐changing. This study is informed by two sets of semi‐structured interviews with seven individuals, including information horizon interviews and guided tours, from November 2020‐June 2021. Key initial findings demonstrate that both place and mobility constrain and facilitate information seeking for participants. Overall, understanding the unique features and needs of this particular group results in a more thorough comprehension of their information seeking practices to better understand information and service provision, information inequality, and inequity.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma Nicol, Rebekah Willson, Heidi Julien, Devon Greyson, Lisa M. Given
ABSTRACT Failure in research is an underexplored topic in the information science literature. Many instances of research failure go unreported due to the success‐oriented nature of academic culture, and academic publishing in particular. In not discussing, or failing to enable the discussion and reporting of research failures, important learning opportunities are being missed by the information science community. The aim of this panel is to explore these missed opportunities and to consider the need for approaches to research design, research collaboration and relationships, community engagement, publishing, mentorship, and teaching that will make room for such discussions to take place. The panel will bring together prominent information researchers to discuss failure in research in a series of short themed provocations and moderated group discussion activities.
{"title":"(Talking About) Failing Better in Research: The First Rule of Failure Club Is…You Don’t Talk about Failure Club","authors":"Emma Nicol, Rebekah Willson, Heidi Julien, Devon Greyson, Lisa M. Given","doi":"10.1002/pra2.868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.868","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Failure in research is an underexplored topic in the information science literature. Many instances of research failure go unreported due to the success‐oriented nature of academic culture, and academic publishing in particular. In not discussing, or failing to enable the discussion and reporting of research failures, important learning opportunities are being missed by the information science community. The aim of this panel is to explore these missed opportunities and to consider the need for approaches to research design, research collaboration and relationships, community engagement, publishing, mentorship, and teaching that will make room for such discussions to take place. The panel will bring together prominent information researchers to discuss failure in research in a series of short themed provocations and moderated group discussion activities.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianqianjin Lin, Qian Wang, Zhuoren Jiang, Weikang Yuan, Cui Huang, Patricia Mabry, Xiaozhong Liu
ABSTRACT While major funding agencies are striving for diversity and fairness, the mechanisms behind funding success have yet to be fully elucidated. Existing studies reveal valuable evidences about the effect of the applicant's individual attributes, e.g., gender and age, on the funding success. However, the relationship between funding success and academic activities, e.g., collaborator's characteristics, remains underexplored. This work collects massive scholarly data from open academic graphs and public data about National Institutes of Health awards to investigate the effect of various academic graph‐based factors on the “K to R” success. Leveraging a heterogeneous graph model for predicting the “K to R” success, we regard the gain in the model performance of a factor as a proxy variable for the magnitude of its effect on the “K to R” success. Our preliminary results suggest that interest by peers in the applicant's research and the timing of the interest are strongly correlated with the outcome. Meanwhile, the applicant's social connections, e.g., their collaborators, can also contribute to the outcome.
{"title":"Investigating Academic <scp>Graph‐Based</scp> Factors behind Funding Success in National Institutes of Health","authors":"Tianqianjin Lin, Qian Wang, Zhuoren Jiang, Weikang Yuan, Cui Huang, Patricia Mabry, Xiaozhong Liu","doi":"10.1002/pra2.833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.833","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While major funding agencies are striving for diversity and fairness, the mechanisms behind funding success have yet to be fully elucidated. Existing studies reveal valuable evidences about the effect of the applicant's individual attributes, e.g., gender and age, on the funding success. However, the relationship between funding success and academic activities, e.g., collaborator's characteristics, remains underexplored. This work collects massive scholarly data from open academic graphs and public data about National Institutes of Health awards to investigate the effect of various academic graph‐based factors on the “K to R” success. Leveraging a heterogeneous graph model for predicting the “K to R” success, we regard the gain in the model performance of a factor as a proxy variable for the magnitude of its effect on the “K to R” success. Our preliminary results suggest that interest by peers in the applicant's research and the timing of the interest are strongly correlated with the outcome. Meanwhile, the applicant's social connections, e.g., their collaborators, can also contribute to the outcome.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the reciprocal relationship between negative emotions and protective behaviors of older adults and the moderating effect of online health information seeking (OHIS) change on the relationship. Based on a sample of over 20,000 individuals from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe project, the study used a cross‐lagged panel design(CLPD) on 2 waves of Corona Survey to analyze the relationship between negative emotions and protective behaviors with OHIS change as a moderator. The findings suggest that the number of negative emotions can positively predict protective behaviors, and OHIS can have moderating effects on negative emotions and protective behaviors. The result pinpoints the substantial potential of mental health and OHIS to combat infectious diseases in this vulnerable population.
{"title":"The Longitudinal Relationship Between Negative Emotions and Pandemic Protective Behaviors in Older Adults: Moderating Effect of Online Health Information Seeking","authors":"Tianchang Liu, Xiaokang Song, Qinghua Zhu","doi":"10.1002/pra2.945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.945","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the reciprocal relationship between negative emotions and protective behaviors of older adults and the moderating effect of online health information seeking (OHIS) change on the relationship. Based on a sample of over 20,000 individuals from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe project, the study used a cross‐lagged panel design(CLPD) on 2 waves of Corona Survey to analyze the relationship between negative emotions and protective behaviors with OHIS change as a moderator. The findings suggest that the number of negative emotions can positively predict protective behaviors, and OHIS can have moderating effects on negative emotions and protective behaviors. The result pinpoints the substantial potential of mental health and OHIS to combat infectious diseases in this vulnerable population.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuehua Zhao, Jingwei Da, Jiaqi Yan, Hao Wang, Sanhong Deng, Ye Chen
ABSTRACT During global health crises, identifying the key factors of the misinformation dissemination process on social media can provide decision support for public health management. Drawing on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), this study characterizes the effects of content types and social capital of social media users on the virality of misinformation related to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We used scale, depth, and width to quantify the extent and structure of the virality of misinformation spreading on social media. The findings reveal that both the social capital of users and the content types have major influences on the dissemination of misinformation. Surprisingly, we discovered that the number of followers a user possesses has a varied influence on the dissemination scale, width, and depth, demonstrating the importance of considering dissemination structure.
{"title":"Drivers of the Virality of <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 Misinformation Sharing on Social Media","authors":"Yuehua Zhao, Jingwei Da, Jiaqi Yan, Hao Wang, Sanhong Deng, Ye Chen","doi":"10.1002/pra2.999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.999","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During global health crises, identifying the key factors of the misinformation dissemination process on social media can provide decision support for public health management. Drawing on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), this study characterizes the effects of content types and social capital of social media users on the virality of misinformation related to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We used scale, depth, and width to quantify the extent and structure of the virality of misinformation spreading on social media. The findings reveal that both the social capital of users and the content types have major influences on the dissemination of misinformation. Surprisingly, we discovered that the number of followers a user possesses has a varied influence on the dissemination scale, width, and depth, demonstrating the importance of considering dissemination structure.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Archives serve as repositories for items of enduring value. Archivists use a process called appraisal to evaluate the value of these items. While various theories and methods have been developed to guide the appraisal and many issues have been identified, little is known about how archivists conduct appraisals or what efforts they undertake to mitigate these issues. As such, this exploratory and qualitative study aims to examine the appraisal practices of archivists in university special collections, the role of the collection policy, and how these policies deal with problematic aspects of appraisal. This study found that university special archivists view appraisal as a complex but systematic process and implement the collection policy's principles and methodologies into their appraisal practices. Moreover, this study revealed that archivists try to establish and maintain effective relationships with donors and communities throughout the entire appraisal process.
{"title":"An Examination of the <scp>Real‐World</scp> Appraisal Practices of Archivists","authors":"James D. Faulkner, Jeonghyun Kim","doi":"10.1002/pra2.821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.821","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archives serve as repositories for items of enduring value. Archivists use a process called appraisal to evaluate the value of these items. While various theories and methods have been developed to guide the appraisal and many issues have been identified, little is known about how archivists conduct appraisals or what efforts they undertake to mitigate these issues. As such, this exploratory and qualitative study aims to examine the appraisal practices of archivists in university special collections, the role of the collection policy, and how these policies deal with problematic aspects of appraisal. This study found that university special archivists view appraisal as a complex but systematic process and implement the collection policy's principles and methodologies into their appraisal practices. Moreover, this study revealed that archivists try to establish and maintain effective relationships with donors and communities throughout the entire appraisal process.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiwei Zhang, Na Jiang, Xiaohui Liu, Qi Zhang, Sanhong Deng
ABSTRACT Stack Overflow (SO) represents one of the most vibrant Question Answering Communities (QACs), providing a crucial platform for developers to pose and respond to questions. SO preserved duplicate questions due to their potential for furnishing additional insights or suggestions. In this paper, we delve into the study of duplicates within SO, with the objective of unraveling their positive value, particularly through the lens of knowledge networks and the evolution. We propose a categorization of knowledge evolution within QACs into two key dimensions: depth and breadth. Our exploration reveals that duplicate questions play a constructive role in fostering both the depth and breadth of knowledge evolution. This finding illuminates the underestimated value of duplicate questions, underlining their significance for the ongoing expansion of knowledge within QACs.
{"title":"Revisiting the Benefits of Duplicate Questions: Evidence from Knowledge Evolution on Stack Overflow","authors":"Yiwei Zhang, Na Jiang, Xiaohui Liu, Qi Zhang, Sanhong Deng","doi":"10.1002/pra2.998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.998","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stack Overflow (SO) represents one of the most vibrant Question Answering Communities (QACs), providing a crucial platform for developers to pose and respond to questions. SO preserved duplicate questions due to their potential for furnishing additional insights or suggestions. In this paper, we delve into the study of duplicates within SO, with the objective of unraveling their positive value, particularly through the lens of knowledge networks and the evolution. We propose a categorization of knowledge evolution within QACs into two key dimensions: depth and breadth. Our exploration reveals that duplicate questions play a constructive role in fostering both the depth and breadth of knowledge evolution. This finding illuminates the underestimated value of duplicate questions, underlining their significance for the ongoing expansion of knowledge within QACs.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The outbreak of COVID‐19 has resulted in an increase in health misinformation spreading on social media, emphasizing the need for effective science communication to combat this issue. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between misinformation spreading and science communication network. We identified misinformation spreaders, scientists, and laypeople from COVID vaccine‐related tweets, and we carried out a network analysis to examine the ingroup and intergroup interactions. We found that individuals in all three groups tended to interact with people who were dissimilar to them. Additionally, we found that the spreading of misinformation and the science communication network are polarized. Finally, suggestions were provided to achieve higher engagement in science communication.
{"title":"Social Network Analysis of Misinformation Spreading and Science Communication during <scp>COVID</scp>‐19","authors":"Jieli Liu, Ravi Maithrey Regulagedda","doi":"10.1002/pra2.944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.944","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The outbreak of COVID‐19 has resulted in an increase in health misinformation spreading on social media, emphasizing the need for effective science communication to combat this issue. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between misinformation spreading and science communication network. We identified misinformation spreaders, scientists, and laypeople from COVID vaccine‐related tweets, and we carried out a network analysis to examine the ingroup and intergroup interactions. We found that individuals in all three groups tended to interact with people who were dissimilar to them. Additionally, we found that the spreading of misinformation and the science communication network are polarized. Finally, suggestions were provided to achieve higher engagement in science communication.","PeriodicalId":37833,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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