We document and attempt to explain the recent decline in employment dynamics in the U.S. We have four major empirical findings. First, each measure exhibits a “stair step” pattern, with the declines concentrated in recessions and little increase during subsequent expansions. Second, changes in the composition of workers and businesses can explain only a small amount of the decline. Third, any explanation for the decline in job creation and job destruction will account for no more than one-third of the decline in hires and separations. Fourth, the decline in hires and separations is driven by the disappearance of short-duration jobs.JEL CodesE24, J63
{"title":"The recent decline in employment dynamics","authors":"Henry R. Hyatt, James R. Spletzer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2232127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2232127","url":null,"abstract":"We document and attempt to explain the recent decline in employment dynamics in the U.S. We have four major empirical findings. First, each measure exhibits a “stair step” pattern, with the declines concentrated in recessions and little increase during subsequent expansions. Second, changes in the composition of workers and businesses can explain only a small amount of the decline. Third, any explanation for the decline in job creation and job destruction will account for no more than one-third of the decline in hires and separations. Fourth, the decline in hires and separations is driven by the disappearance of short-duration jobs.JEL CodesE24, J63","PeriodicalId":37841,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2139/ssrn.2232127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68012920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The labour supply effects of a partial cash-out of in-kind transfers to single mothers","authors":"P. Bingley, I. Walker","doi":"10.1186/2193-8997-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8997-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37841,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/2193-8997-2-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66135828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficiency wages theories argue that the threat of firing, coupled with a high unemployment rate, is a mechanism that discourages employee shirking in asymmetric information contexts. Our empirical analysis aims to test the role of unemployment as a worker discipline device, considering the different degree of job security offered by the Italian Employment Protection Legislation to workers employed in small and large firms. Controlling for a number of individual and firm characteristics, we investigate the relationship between worker’s absences which act as a proxy for employee shirking and local unemployment rate (at the provincial level). We find a strong negative association between unemployment and absenteeism rate, larger in magnitude in small firms due presumably to a significantly lower protection from dismissals in these firms. As an indirect test of the role of unemployment as worker discipline device, we show that public sector employees, almost impossible to fire, do not react to the local unemployment.JEL codesJ41; M51; J45
{"title":"Absenteeism, unemployment and employment protection legislation: evidence from Italy","authors":"Vincenzo Scoppa, Daniela Vuri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2197235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2197235","url":null,"abstract":"Efficiency wages theories argue that the threat of firing, coupled with a high unemployment rate, is a mechanism that discourages employee shirking in asymmetric information contexts. Our empirical analysis aims to test the role of unemployment as a worker discipline device, considering the different degree of job security offered by the Italian Employment Protection Legislation to workers employed in small and large firms. Controlling for a number of individual and firm characteristics, we investigate the relationship between worker’s absences which act as a proxy for employee shirking and local unemployment rate (at the provincial level). We find a strong negative association between unemployment and absenteeism rate, larger in magnitude in small firms due presumably to a significantly lower protection from dismissals in these firms. As an indirect test of the role of unemployment as worker discipline device, we show that public sector employees, almost impossible to fire, do not react to the local unemployment.JEL codesJ41; M51; J45","PeriodicalId":37841,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2139/ssrn.2197235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67979834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Abowd, F. Kramarz, Paul A. Lengermann, Kevin McKinney, S. Roux
{"title":"Persistent inter‐industry wage differences: rent sharing and opportunity costs","authors":"J. Abowd, F. Kramarz, Paul A. Lengermann, Kevin McKinney, S. Roux","doi":"10.1186/2193-8997-1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8997-1-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37841,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/2193-8997-1-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66135700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fat spouses and hours of work: are body and Pareto weights correlated?","authors":"Sonia Oreffice, C. Quintana‐Domeque","doi":"10.1186/2193-8997-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8997-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37841,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/2193-8997-1-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66135682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter S. Arcidiacono, Esteban M. Aucejo, Patrick Coate, V. Hotz
{"title":"Affirmative action and university fit: evidence from Proposition 209","authors":"Peter S. Arcidiacono, Esteban M. Aucejo, Patrick Coate, V. Hotz","doi":"10.1186/2193-8997-3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8997-3-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37841,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/2193-8997-3-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66136799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter S. Arcidiacono, Esteban M. Aucejo, K. Spenner
{"title":"What happens after enrollment? An analysis of the time path of racial differences in GPA and major choice","authors":"Peter S. Arcidiacono, Esteban M. Aucejo, K. Spenner","doi":"10.1186/2193-8997-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8997-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37841,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/2193-8997-1-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66135583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Junker, Lynne Steuerle Schofield, Lowell J. Taylor
{"title":"The use of cognitive ability measures as explanatory variables in regression analysis","authors":"B. Junker, Lynne Steuerle Schofield, Lowell J. Taylor","doi":"10.1186/2193-8997-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8997-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37841,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/2193-8997-1-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66136052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: IZA Journal of Labor Economics","authors":"P. Cahuc, V. Hotz, Anne C Gielen, K. Zimmermann","doi":"10.1186/2193-8997-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8997-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37841,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/2193-8997-1-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66135787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tall or taller, pretty or prettier: is discrimination absolute or relative?","authors":"D. Hamermesh","doi":"10.1186/2193-8997-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8997-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37841,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/2193-8997-1-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66135848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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