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FUTURE TEACHER TRAINING FOR THE USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF A PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTION 某学前教育机构在教育过程中使用增强现实的未来教师培训
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-12
L. Kozak, T. Ponomarenko
The article substantiates the importance of future teacher training for the use of augmented reality (AR) in the educational process of a preschool education institution (PEI). Scientific sources on the problem of AR application in the field of education are analysed. The aspects of the research of the problem of AR application are defined in the field of education done by modern foreign and national scientists, in particular, the use of AR applications in education; introduction of 3D technologies, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality in the educational process of preschool and primary school; application of 3d technology, virtual and augmented reality in a higher education institution; increasing the efficiency of training and motivation of students on the basis of using AR applications in smartphones; the formation of reading culture by means of augmented reality technology; prospects for the use of augmented reality within the linguistic and literary field of preschool and primary education. The specifics of publications of fiction works with AR applications are analysed that are appropriate to use in work with preschool children; the possibilities of books for preschool children created with the help of augmented reality technology are demonstrated. The possibilities of using AR in work with preschoolers are considered. The urgency of the use of AR for the effective education and development of preschoolers is determined. The problems of application of AR in the educational process of modern national PEI are outlined. A method of diagnostic research of the level and features of readiness of future teachers to use AR in the educational process of PEI has been developed. Criteria and indicators are defined, the levels of development of the main components of the studied readiness (cognitive and active) and the indicated readiness as a whole are characterized. The following points are proved: insufficiency and deficit of its formation of future teachers of the field of preschool education; inconsistency between the peculiarities of future teacher training to use AR in professional activities and modern requirements for the quality of educational process in PEI; the need to develop and implement a model for the formation of the studied readiness of future teachers of the institution of higher pedagogical education. A step-by-step model of formation of readiness of future teachers to use AR in the educational process of PEI has been developed.
本文论证了未来教师培训对于增强现实(AR)在学前教育机构(PEI)教育过程中的重要性。分析了AR在教育领域应用问题的科学来源。AR应用问题的研究方面是由现代国内外科学家在教育领域所做的定义,特别是AR在教育中的应用;在学前和小学教育过程中引入3D技术、虚拟现实(VR)和增强现实技术;三维技术、虚拟现实和增强现实在高等教育机构中的应用在智能手机上使用AR应用程序,提高培训效率和激励学生;借助增强现实技术形成阅读文化在学前教育和小学教育的语言和文学领域使用增强现实的前景。分析了具有AR应用的小说作品的出版物的具体情况,这些作品适合用于学龄前儿童的工作;展示了在增强现实技术的帮助下为学龄前儿童创作书籍的可能性。考虑了在学龄前儿童工作中使用AR的可能性。确定了使用AR对学龄前儿童进行有效教育和发展的紧迫性。概述了AR在现代国家PEI教育过程中应用存在的问题。本文提出了一种在PEI教育过程中对未来教师使用AR的准备水平和特征进行诊断研究的方法。定义了标准和指标,对所研究的准备(认知和主动)的主要组成部分的发展水平和所表明的准备作为一个整体进行了描述。证明了以下几点:学前教育领域未来教师形成的不足与缺失;未来教师培训在专业活动中使用AR的特点与PEI对教育过程质量的现代要求不一致;建立和实施高等师范院校未来教师学习准备形成模式的必要性。在PEI的教育过程中,开发了一个逐步形成未来教师使用AR的准备模型。
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引用次数: 0
UKRAINE’S INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS ON THE WORLD STAGE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC 新冠肺炎疫情期间乌克兰在世界舞台上的投资吸引力
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-34
Tetiana Ripa, Ukraine Economics
In the current economic conditions and increased competition, the ability of an entity to attract investments, i.e., its investment attractiveness, becomes important. It largely depends on the stability of the external and internal environment, the efficiency of economic activity, the priority of tasks, etc. The needs of modern society are growing rapidly; therefore, it is necessary to carry out the economic development of the country at the same time. Assessing the development of the investment market is the basis for a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the investment attractiveness of economic entities. The investment market is the area of investment objects in all its forms, taking into account the conditions of investment activity at certain stages of economic development of an enterprise, the economy, the region, and the country as a whole. The article considers the main indicators that characterize the economic development of Ukraine. The subject of the study is the main indicators that characterize the investment attractiveness of the country. The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the level of investment attractiveness of Ukraine during 2010-2020 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is based on scientific methods, among which it is expedient to distinguish: analysis and synthesis, comparison, idealization and abstraction, as well as systematization and generalization – when formulating conclusions as a result of the study. As a result, the dynamics of the gross domestic product, the index of investment attractiveness are analyzed. The change in the number of business entities in Ukraine over the past decade has shown a negative trend. It is found out that the structural sector in Ukraine is wholesale and retail trade. The dynamics of the volume of retail trade turnover of Ukraine during 2010-2020 and the index of the physical volume of retail trade turnover of Ukraine are determined. The method of assessing the level of investment attractiveness of the country is considered. The importance of the ability to create new competitive advantages and keep the existing ones under the influence of various factors has been proved. Ukraine's ranking positions in comparison with other countries of the world in terms of gross domestic product, index of business conditions, index of economic freedom, index of global competitiveness, world competitiveness and world digital competitiveness are also determined. The investment environment during 2020 was negatively assessed by entrepreneurs and investors. It turned out that 78% of surveyed company executives consider the current investment climate unfavorable, only 12% consider Ukraine a profitable market for new investors. At the same time, among the negative factors influencing the investment climate, there was chosen a weak judiciary, high levels of corruption and the shadow economy. As a result of the analysis of the dynamics of these indicators, negative trend
在目前的经济条件和竞争加剧的情况下,一个实体吸引投资的能力,即其投资吸引力,变得很重要。它在很大程度上取决于外部和内部环境的稳定性、经济活动的效率、任务的优先性等。现代社会的需求正在迅速增长;因此,有必要在国家经济发展的同时进行。评估投资市场的发展是综合分析经济实体投资吸引力的基础。投资市场是各种形式的投资对象的领域,考虑到企业、经济、地区和整个国家在经济发展的特定阶段的投资活动条件。本文考虑了表征乌克兰经济发展的主要指标。该研究的主题是表征该国投资吸引力的主要指标。本研究的目的是在2019冠状病毒病大流行的背景下,分析2010-2020年乌克兰投资吸引力水平的动态。研究以科学的方法为基础,在得出研究结论时,便于区分分析与综合、比较、理想化与抽象、系统化与一般化。据此,对国内生产总值、投资吸引力指数的动态进行了分析。过去十年来,乌克兰商业实体数量的变化呈现出消极趋势。研究发现,乌克兰的结构性部门是批发和零售贸易。确定了乌克兰2010-2020年零售贸易量的动态和乌克兰零售贸易量实物指标。研究了评估一国投资吸引力水平的方法。在各种因素的影响下,创造新的竞争优势并保持现有竞争优势的能力的重要性已经得到了证明。与世界其他国家相比,乌克兰在国内生产总值、商业条件指数、经济自由指数、全球竞争力指数、世界竞争力和世界数字竞争力方面的排名也被确定。企业家和投资者对2020年投资环境的评价为负面。调查结果显示,78%的受访公司高管认为当前的投资环境不利,只有12%的人认为乌克兰是一个对新投资者有利的市场。与此同时,在影响投资环境的负面因素中,被选为司法薄弱、腐败严重和影子经济。根据对这些指标动态的分析,由于经济危机加剧、东部敌对行动、克里米亚自治共和国被吞并、社会和政治生活不稳定以及COVID-19大流行,出现了负面趋势。这些指标的评级有所恶化,这需要立即制定新的规章制度,选择新的吸引投资战略,以及有效利用对国家经济的影响手段。
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引用次数: 0
RECLAMATION OF MARGINAL LANDS USING RARE ENERGY CROPS 利用稀有能源作物开垦边缘土地
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-27
M. Kulyk, Dmytro Dʼomin, Іlona Rozhkо
The purpose of the paper is to determine the impact of the species of energy crops on biomass yields and the possibility of their involvement in the reclamation of contaminated areas. This is especially important from the point of view of the rational use of land for energy crops cultivation. Methodology. The research object is the processes of growth and development of plants, the peculiarities of the yield formation of energy crops biomass depending on the species traits and growing conditions. The research subject is the following energy crops: Big Bluestem, Indiangrass and Columbus Grass as well as the plant biometric indicators, biomass yield and energy efficiency of biomass production of energy crops (2016-2020). The results of research showed the variability of biometric parameters of energy crops. Over the research years, the dry biomass yield of Indiangrass was 8.9 t/ha in the first year, 10.1 t/ha in the second year and 14.9 t/ha in the third year, Big Bluestem – varied within 4.4–9.3 t/ha. Columbus Grass dry biomass increased from 11.4 t/ha (1st year) to 14.9 t/ha (2nd year) to 18.0 t/ha (3rd year). The developed model for the creation of artificial phytocenoses will allow land reclamation using energy crops based on agroecological monitoring and justification when growing energy crops. Perennial cultivation of Columbus Grass and Indiangrass provided the highest coefficient of energy efficiency (at a level or more than 3.0), which is typical for average efficiency of biomass production. Therefore, Indiangrass and Columbus Grass are recommended to be grown in order to reclaim marginal lands and obtain sustainable plant raw materials. Big Bluestem is recommended to be grown only as a companion crop of stand of grass. Furthermore, energy crops must be cultivated on the basis of ecological and adaptive technology elements, taking into account the defined territorial conditions. For the conditions of Ukraine, this complex will make it possible to reduce the negative impact on the environment as well as to obtain the stable yields of various biomass for its further processing and energy conversion.
本文的目的是确定能源作物种类对生物量产量的影响及其参与污染地区开垦的可能性。从合理利用土地种植能源作物的角度来看,这一点尤为重要。方法。研究对象是植物的生长发育过程,能源作物生物量产量形成的特殊性取决于物种性状和生长条件。研究课题为能源作物:大蓝茎、印度草和哥伦布草,以及能源作物生物质生产的植物生物特征指标、生物质产量和能源效率(2016-2020)。研究结果表明,能源作物的生物特征参数存在变异性。在研究年份中,印度草的干生物量产量第一年为8.9 t/ha,第二年为10.1 t/ha,第三年为14.9 t/ha,大蓝茎在4.4-9.3 t/ha之间变化。哥伦布草干生物量从11.4 t/ha(第一年)增加到14.9 t/ha(第二年)和18.0 t/ha(第三年)。已开发的人工植物种植模式将允许根据农业生态监测和种植能源作物的理由,利用能源作物进行土地复垦。多年生栽培哥伦布草和印度草的能量效率系数最高(在3.0以上),是典型的生物质生产平均效率。因此,建议种植印地安草和哥伦布草,以开垦边际土地,获得可持续的植物原料。建议将大蓝茎作为草林的伴生作物种植。此外,能源作物必须在生态和适应性技术要素的基础上种植,并考虑到已确定的领土条件。根据乌克兰的条件,该综合体将有可能减少对环境的负面影响,并获得各种生物质的稳定产量,用于进一步加工和能源转换。
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引用次数: 0
LEGAL REGULATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF JUDGES FOR MAKING AN UNJUST DECISION IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATUS 乌克兰法官不公正判决刑事责任的法律规制:现状
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-35
N. Karpova, Grigoriy Zabarniy
Subject of study. The article is determined for studying such a question as the recognition by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine of Article 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as inconsistent with the Constitution of Ukraine (unconstitutional). The suggested article includes investigating such a question as the defining and applying of the notions “wittingly unjust” and “injustice” in Ukrainian law, taking into account the Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine № 7-p/2020 dated June 11, 2020. Methodology. In this study, the authors used the logical method, the method of semantic analysis, as well as the comparative law method. The purpose. The purpose of this article is analyzing the method and arguments for recognizing the unconstitutionality of Article 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which have been used by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine № 7-p/2020 dated June 11, 2020, as well as delineation of the limits and grounds of criminal liability of judges for making unjust decisions after the abolition of Article 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The authors consider the definition and application of the terms “wittingly unjust” and “injustice” in judicial practice in Ukraine. The authors consider the options for defining the terms “wittingly unjust” and “injustice”, which were developed by Ukrainian lawyers. The authors conclude that there is no generally accepted definition of the terms “wittingly unjust” and “injustice” both in Ukrainian judicial practice and in Ukrainian legal science. The authors come to the conclusion that the concept of “injustice” cannot be used in modern Ukrainian law enforcement practice because it is not defined. The authors analyze the procedure for instituting a criminal case against a judge for a wittingly unjust court decision and conclude that this procedure leads to delegating the function of a judge to assess a court decision to the prosecutor, which is prohibited by the Constitution of Ukraine. The author review the international standards of criminal liability of judges for the issuance of court decisions in comparison with the arguments of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine to establish the unconstitutionality of Article 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. From the above data, the authors concluded that the arguments of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine to establish the unconstitutionality of Article 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine duly justify the repeal of Article 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The main attention is given to the assessment of the Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine № 7-p/2020 dated June 11, 2020 by the international legal institutions – the European Community and the United Nations. The authors used a logical method to analyze cases of Ukrainian judges making unjust court decisions and found signs of corruption offences or human rights violations in these cases. Сonclusion of the study. There
研究主题。此条是为了研究乌克兰宪法法院承认《乌克兰刑法》第375条不符合乌克兰宪法(违宪)的问题而确定的。建议的文章包括考虑到2020年6月11日乌克兰宪法法院№7-p/2020的决定,调查乌克兰法律中“故意不公正”和“不公正”概念的定义和适用等问题。方法。在本研究中,作者运用了逻辑分析方法、语义分析方法以及比较法方法。的目的。本文的目的是分析的方法和参数识别的刑法第375条违反宪法乌克兰,乌克兰已被宪法法院在宪法法院的决定乌克兰№7 p / 2020年6月11日,2020年,以及界定刑事责任的限制和理由的法官不公正的决策后,乌克兰废除刑法第375条。作者审议了乌克兰司法实践中“故意不公正”和“不公正”两词的定义和适用。作者考虑了乌克兰律师提出的定义“故意不公正”和“不公正”两词的备选办法。作者的结论是,在乌克兰司法实践和乌克兰法学中都没有普遍接受的“故意不公正”和“不公正”的定义。作者得出的结论是,“不公正”的概念不能用于现代乌克兰执法实践,因为它没有定义。作者分析了就一项故意不公正的法院判决对法官提起刑事诉讼的程序,并得出结论认为,这一程序导致将法官评估法院判决的职能委托给检察官,这是乌克兰宪法所禁止的。作者审查了法官发布法院判决的刑事责任的国际标准,并与乌克兰宪法法院确立《乌克兰刑法》第375条违宪的论点进行了比较。根据上述资料,作者得出结论,乌克兰宪法法院确立《乌克兰刑法典》第375条违宪的论点正当地证明废除《乌克兰刑法典》第375条是正当的。主要关注的是国际法律机构-欧洲共同体和联合国对2020年6月11日乌克兰宪法法院第7-p/2020号决定的评估。作者使用逻辑方法分析了乌克兰法官作出不公正法院判决的案件,并在这些案件中发现了腐败犯罪或侵犯人权的迹象。Сonclusion的研究。因此,笔者建议在法官作出不公正判决的案件中,对法官的贪污罪追究刑事责任。价值/创意。这项研究是在乌克兰刑法第375条被废除后,为解决目前规范法官对不公正法院判决的刑事责任问题而提出的一项原创建议。
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引用次数: 0
PEDAGOGICAL CONCEPT OF THE CIVIL SECURITY SPECIALISTS’ ADVANCED TRAINING 民事安全专家高级培训的教学理念
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-14
V. Mykhailov
In legal documents of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, there is emphasized the need to find ways to improve the level of professional knowledge, skills, abilities and new forms of training in educational establishments, which, in its turn, necessitates the transformation of training strategy. The need to respond to dangerous natural, human-made, anthropogenic, epidemiological and social factors requires highly qualified professionals ready to work in extreme conditions. Therefore, the importance of filling existing gaps in the theory and practice of vocational education determines the need for conceptual justification, development and testing of an improved pedagogical system of civil security professionals’ advanced training. The paper considers the theoretical foundations of the organization of advanced training of specialists in civil security, summarizes the main problems of professional development within the institutions and educational establishments. The content and features of their professional training in order to ensure the safety of people in emergencies is analyzed as well. It is found out that the readiness of civil security specialists to carry out their professional activities is an individual feature that includes professional motives, a set of special knowledge, skills and abilities of civil security professionals, which in integration ensure their ability to perform professional tasks and provide their further professional development. The author outlines the conceptual provisions for improving the advanced training of civil security professionals in institutions and educational establishments for the formation of positive motives for educational activities, the appropriate level of professional competence and approaching the ultimate goals of education. The content of the concept of specialists in civil security advanced training is determined (relevant methodological approaches, didactic principles, goals, objectives, pedagogical conditions are outlined as well). The purpose of forming the concept of advanced training of civil security specialists in postgraduate education should be directed towards the individual needs for personal and professional growth, as well as to meet the needs of the state in highly qualified and professional specialists capable of responsible performing of the job functions related to solving problems in order to ensure the safety of life and activities of people. The proposed conceptual framework helps identify the main components of the advanced training system for civil security professionals, resolving a number of contradictions, the main of which is the contradiction between the public demand for highly qualified professionals prepared for the challenges of modern society and the current training system which at present does not fully meet these requirements.
在乌克兰教育和科学部的法律文件中,强调有必要设法提高教育机构的专业知识、技能、能力水平和新的培训形式,这反过来又需要改变培训战略。需要对危险的自然、人为、人为、流行病学和社会因素作出反应,需要随时准备在极端条件下工作的高素质专业人员。因此,填补职业教育理论和实践中存在的空白的重要性决定了需要对改进的民事安全专业人员高级培训教学体系进行概念论证、开发和试验。本文考虑了组织民事安全专家高级培训的理论基础,总结了机构和教育机构内部专业发展的主要问题。分析了为保障突发事件中人员的安全,对其进行专业培训的内容和特点。研究发现,民事安全专家开展专业活动的准备是一种个人特征,包括职业动机、民事安全专业人员的一套特殊知识、技能和能力,这些综合起来确保了他们执行专业任务的能力,并为他们提供了进一步的专业发展。作者概述了在机构和教育机构中改进民事安全专业人员高级培训的概念性规定,以形成积极的教育活动动机、适当的专业能力水平和接近教育的最终目标。确定了民事安全高级培训专家概念的内容(还概述了相关的方法方法、教学原则、目标、目的、教学条件)。在研究生教育中形成民事安全专家高级培训概念的目的,应针对个人和专业成长的个人需要,以及满足国家对能够负责履行与解决问题有关的工作职能的高素质专业专家的需要,以确保人民的生命和活动安全。提出的概念框架有助于确定民事安全专业人员高级培训体系的主要组成部分,解决了一些矛盾,其中主要是公众对为现代社会的挑战做好准备的高素质专业人员的需求与目前的培训体系之间的矛盾。
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引用次数: 0
METHODS OF CALCULATING THE PROBABLE NUMBER OF FIRE TO BE ELIMINATED BY THE GAS PROTECTION SERVICE 计算气体保护装置可能要消除的火灾次数的方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-24
O. Cherkashyn, S. Shcherbak
The main types of operational actions of fire and rescue units during firefighting and emergency response are presented. An analysis of fires that have occurred during the last five years, which have been extinguished by units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine with the participation of units of the gas and smoke protection service. After analyzing the statistics of the number of fires and emergencies in the city (district) over the years, a mathematical model of the dynamics of the number of fires and other emergencies. The forecast of the expected number of their occurrence is determined and the volume of work of the gas and smoke protection service for the next year is estimated, as well as the sufficiency of forces and means is determined. The most effective way to identify the main trend in the number of emergencies is analytical alignment using a mathematical expression that most accurately describes the nature of the empirical distribution of their number over the analyzed period and with which you can make predictions. To do this, the necessary mathematical distribution law is selected in the scientific search. To determine the speed and intensity of the number of fires and other emergencies over time, the following indicators were used: absolute growth, growth rate. The calculation of these indicators is based on comparing the levels of a number of dynamics. Under the level of a series of dynamics is taken each individual numerical value of the indicator, which characterizes the magnitude of the phenomenon, its size and location in chronological order. Based on the described indicators, a method of calculating the probable number of fires in the current year, which will be eliminated by the gas and smoke protection service, is proposed. An example of calculation is given: its main components are described, which should be taken into account during the calculation. The process of change and development of the occurrence and spread of fires by constructing time or time series is studied. Recommendations for building a mathematical model of the dynamics of the number of fires and other emergencies are given, the forecast of the expected number of their occurrence is determined, the volume of work of fire and rescue units for the next year is estimated.
介绍了消防救援单位在灭火和应急响应过程中的主要操作动作类型。对过去五年中发生的火灾进行了分析,这些火灾是由乌克兰国家紧急服务部门在气体和烟雾保护部门的参与下扑灭的。通过对历年市(区)火灾和突发事件数量的统计分析,建立了火灾和突发事件数量动态的数学模型。确定其预计发生次数的预测,估计下一年气体和烟雾保护服务的工作量,以及确定力量和手段的充分性。确定紧急事件数量主要趋势的最有效方法是使用数学表达式进行分析校准,该表达式最准确地描述了所分析期间内紧急事件数量的经验分布性质,并可据此进行预测。要做到这一点,必须在科学研究中选择必要的数学分布规律。为了确定火灾和其他紧急情况的数量随时间的速度和强度,使用了以下指标:绝对增长率,增长率。这些指标的计算是基于对若干动态水平的比较。在一系列动态的水平下,采取了指标的每一个单独的数值,它按时间顺序表征了现象的程度、大小和位置。在上述指标的基础上,提出了一种计算当年燃气防烟服务可能消除的火灾数量的方法。给出了计算实例,说明了计算时应考虑的主要组成部分。通过构造时间或时间序列,研究火灾发生和蔓延的变化和发展过程。提出了建立火灾和其他突发事件数量动态数学模型的建议,确定了火灾和其他突发事件预计发生次数的预测,估计了明年消防和救援单位的工作量。
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引用次数: 0
SYNERGETICS AS A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF SOCIAL, LEGAL, HISTORICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS 协同学是研究社会、法律、历史和法律制度的方法论方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-37
Serhii Kudin
The subject of this publication is synergetics as a methodological approach to the study of social, legal, historical and legal systems, and the aim is to identify its characteristics as a methodological approach. Methods such as philosophical dialectics, analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, synergetic, systemic, comparative historical, special legal, etc. were used in the study. As a result, it is concluded that synergetics is considered by scientists as a scientific picture of the world, independent science, methodology, interdisciplinary approach, private science theory, general scientific theory, scientific paradigm, so today it is in a state of formation. It was found that as a methodological approach, synergetics directs efforts to the scientific study of such an aspect of development as "self-organization", as well as the self-organization of such a part of matter as systems of different nature, meeting the criteria of complexity, openness, dissipation, to study the self-organization of systems within the scheme: "order" – "chaos" – "order". It is proved that in the study of social systems the main task of the synergetic approach is to identify a peculiar type of patterns of social self-organization, which differ from the patterns of self-organization in natural systems. It is substantiated that the synergetic approach has a number of heuristic possibilities in the study of some legal systems and in general directs efforts to identify the specifics of the laws of self-organization in the legal sphere, the implementation of the mechanism of legal self-organization as a result of mutual transitions of the legal order and chaos. It is revealed that the specific problems that arise when using this approach are the definition of "legal chaos", the identification of the mechanism of exchange of "legal information, matter and energy" between the legal system and the "environment", the essence of the synthesis of legal order and chaos. It is concluded that the synergetic approach has features in the study of historical and legal systems in the field of comparative history of law, which are due to the limitation of the "historical plane" of research and identify the impact of fluctuations on certain scenarios. It is determined that the nonlinearity of the evolution of historical and legal systems determines the perception of the view of the comparative history of law as an alternative and multivariate process. This allows the development in the field of alternative comparative history of law: the search for alternative in the future potentially positive options for the development of historical and legal systems. At the same time, the basis should be the modelling of comparative situations with the inclusion of the past and taking into account the impact of the future on the present. It is proved that the application of a synergetic approach in comparative and historical legal research, where the object is historical and legal systems, has a
本出版物的主题是作为一种研究社会、法律、历史和法律制度的方法论方法的协同学,其目的是确定其作为一种方法论方法的特点。运用了哲学辩证法、分析法、综合法、演绎法、归纳法、协同法、系统法、比较历史法、特别法等方法。因此,它的结论是,协同学被科学家认为是一种科学的世界图景,独立的科学,方法论,跨学科的方法,私人科学理论,一般科学理论,科学范式,所以今天它处于形成状态。研究发现,作为一种方法论,协同学致力于科学地研究发展的“自组织”这一方面,以及满足复杂性、开放性、耗散性标准的不同性质系统这一部分物质的自组织,在“有序”-“混沌”-“有序”的方案中研究系统的自组织。事实证明,在社会系统研究中,协同方法的主要任务是识别一种不同于自然系统自组织模式的特殊类型的社会自组织模式。事实证明,协同方法在某些法律体系的研究中具有许多启发式的可能性,并且通常指导努力确定法律领域中自组织规律的具体特征,以及作为法律秩序和混乱相互过渡的结果的法律自组织机制的实施。运用这一方法所面临的具体问题是“法律乱象”的界定问题、法律体系与“环境”之间“法律信息、法律物质和法律能量”交换机制的认定问题、法律秩序与乱象综合的本质问题。研究认为,协同方法在比较法史领域的历史和法律制度研究中具有特点,这是由于研究的“历史平面”的局限性,并确定了波动对某些情景的影响。可以确定的是,历史和法律制度演变的非线性决定了将法律比较史观视为一种替代和多元过程的看法。这就促成了替代性法律比较历史领域的发展:在未来为历史和法律体系的发展寻找潜在的积极选择。与此同时,基础应该是对比较情况建立模型,包括过去的情况,并考虑到未来对现在的影响。事实证明,在以历史和法律制度为研究对象的比较和历史法学研究中运用协同方法存在一些具体问题。人们发现,这类问题是对“历史和法律制度”与物质、信息、能量的“环境”之间交换的本质的发现;对数学方法使用的限制;寻找区分影响在分歧点选择这一特定"情景"的客观因素和主观因素的标准;界定系统结构要素的自组织及其作为行政干预结果的组织。
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引用次数: 0
THE PROBLEM OF FORMATION MANAGEMENT COMPETENCE FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF THE SOCIAL SPHERE 形成管理能力的问题,未来社会领域的专家
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-11
Tetyana Holubenko, I. Polishchuk
The article substantiates the purpose, stages, content, algorithm and methods of implementation. The entry of Ukrainian higher education into the European space determines the need for specialists with integrated specialties. The purpose of the article is to investigate the purposefulness of the formation of managerial competence in future professionals in the social sphere to ensure the educational and methodological process in higher education institutions. Methodology – general industry, research, information, diagnostic, subject methodical. Thus, there is a need to modernize professional and human resources. Therefore, the issue of scientific understanding of quality training of social workers in management, i.e., leadership of small and large groups of people, their ability to be highly qualified professionals with established managerial competence. Modern approaches to understanding the process of formation of managerial competence in future professionals in the social sphere, which is determined by the focus on the object of management, taking into account its specifics and the nature of development in the socio-educational environment. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, the essence and content of the concept of "managerial competence" are revealed. The understanding of professional training as an important component of managerial competence of future specialists in the field of management is highlighted, in particular, that professional training is a set of knowledge, skills and abilities, mastery of which allows a person to work as a specialist or a skilled worker qualifications. The main purpose of the formation of managerial competence in future professionals in the social sphere is to achieve a high level of its main components and ensure the manageability of the educational and methodological process. Based on the analysis of pedagogical, methodological, philosophical research of the essence, content and structure of managerial competence in social specialists, the founders revealed as a component of professional competence of a social specialist, a dynamic integrated systemic education, which is manifested in management. In turn, management activity is the result of managerial training of a social worker to evaluate his or her professional activity. Professional training of future social professionals for management is a necessary component that requires clarification of the concept of "professional training of social professionals" in order to form managerial competence for effective performance of professional duties and opportunities for successful work in the chosen profession.
具体论述了实施的目的、阶段、内容、算法和方法。乌克兰高等教育进入欧洲空间决定了对综合专业专家的需求。本文的目的是调查未来社会领域专业人员管理能力形成的目的,以确保高等教育机构的教育和方法过程。方法学-一般工业、研究、信息、诊断、学科方法学。因此,有必要使专业和人力资源现代化。因此,科学认识社会工作者在管理方面的素质培训问题,即领导小群体和大群体的人,使他们有能力成为具有既定管理能力的高素质专业人员。理解社会领域未来专业人员管理能力形成过程的现代方法,这是由对管理对象的关注决定的,考虑到其具体情况和社会教育环境中发展的性质。在分析科学来源的基础上,揭示了“管理能力”概念的实质和内涵。强调专业培训是管理领域未来专家管理能力的重要组成部分,特别是专业培训是一套知识、技能和能力,掌握这些知识、技能和能力使一个人能够作为专家或熟练工人工作。社会领域未来专业人员管理能力形成的主要目的是实现其主要组成部分的高水平,并确保教育和方法过程的可管理性。在对社会专家管理能力的本质、内容和结构进行教育学、方法论和哲学研究的基础上,两位创始人揭示了作为社会专家专业能力组成部分的一种动态的综合系统教育,这种教育表现为管理。反过来,管理活动是社会工作者评估其专业活动的管理培训的结果。未来社会专业人员的管理专业培训是一个必要的组成部分,需要澄清“社会专业人员的专业培训”的概念,以便形成有效履行专业职责的管理能力和在所选专业中成功工作的机会。
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引用次数: 0
USE OF INDICATORS OF BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEEDS FOR BREEDING FOR HETEROSIS WINTER OILSEED RAPE BASED CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY 种子生化组成指标在油菜细胞质雄性不育杂种优势育种中的应用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-26
S. Vyshnevsky
The paper presents the results of research (2014-2017) on the creation of source material for the selection of hybrids of winter oilseed rape on the basis of cytoplasmic male sterility. The source material was varieties, hybrids, lines of individual selection of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS, collection samples of domestic and foreign selection. We used 44 genotypes of winter oilseed rape in 2014-16 as parents for pollination with a form with cytoplasmic male sterility. Material for breeding was taken taking into account many years of processing according to seed productivity, indicators of biochemical composition, winter resistance, oleaginousness, length of growing season, lesion of pathogens of disease and damage to pests. To accelerate the selection process for the creation of competitive domestic varieties and hybrids of winter oilseed rape, studies were conducted on the biochemical parameters of seeds of F1 hybrids obtained on the basis of cytoplasmic male sterility. By indicators of the content of erucic acid, glucosinolates from 25 combinations of 2016, seven combinations are allocated, in which the biochemical composition of the seeds correspond to such requirements; Oil - erucic acid is absent, or its traces are contained, and the content of glucosinolates does not exceed 25 μmol/g. In 2017, in studies on the manifestation of heterosis and the creation of highly heterosis hybrids using CMS on their basis, 19 new hybrids and 7 best ones of 2016 were used. In terms of oil quality and yield in 2017 with 26 numbers have highlighted 15, 7 of them are of 2016. According to the results of a two-year trial, we have the following results: 2016, the total average crop capacity of the 7 best hybrids was 7.41 t/ha, which was 2.59 t/ha higher than the standard; 2017, these combinations showed a total average crop capacity of 6.58 t/ha, which was 1.8 t/ha higher than the standard. The manifestation of heterosis in winter oilseed rape hybrids on average for two years was observed at 46%. The expediency of selection work is determined, to create the source material of commercial hybrids of winter oilseed rape, which includes early detection, even at the stage of first-generation hybrids, promising two-zero lines of restorers and fixers of cytoplasmic male sterility. The study gives the chance in the further exclusion from the selection program of works on improvement of biochemical indicators of the received initial material.
本文介绍了2014-2017年冬季油菜细胞质雄性不育选育源材料的研究成果。资料来源为中国农业科学院饲料与农业研究所的品种、杂交种、单株选育,收集国内外选育样品。以2014- 2016年冬油菜44个基因型为亲本,采用细胞质雄性不育形式进行传粉。育种材料是根据种子产量、生化成分指标、抗寒性、产油性、生长季节长短、病害病原菌的损害程度和对害虫的危害等因素,经过多年加工而成的。为了加快国内竞争性油菜品种和杂交品种的选育进程,以细胞质雄性不育为基础,对F1杂交品种种子的生化参数进行了研究。根据2016年25个组合的芥酸、硫代葡萄糖苷含量指标,分配出7个组合,其中种子生化成分符合要求;不含或微量油芥酸,硫代葡萄糖苷含量不超过25 μmol/g。2017年,在杂种优势表现及在此基础上利用CMS培育高杂种优势杂交种的研究中,利用了19个新杂交种和7个2016年最佳杂交种。在2017年的油品和产量方面,有26个数字突出了15个,其中7个是2016年的。2年试验结果表明:2016年,7个最佳杂交种的总平均产量为7.41 t/ha,比标准高出2.59 t/ha;2017年,这些组合的总平均作物产量为6.58 t/公顷,比标准高出1.8 t/公顷。冬季油菜杂交品种杂种优势表现率平均为46%。选择工作的权宜性决定了创造冬季油菜商业杂交种的来源材料,其中包括早期检测,甚至在第一代杂交种阶段,有希望的细胞质雄性不育的恢复和固定的二零系。本研究为进一步排除已收到的原始材料的生化指标改进工作的选择方案提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHY IN THE EXERCISE OF FOREIGN POLICY AND DIPLOMACY 地理在外交政策和外交中的作用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-4
L. Zastavetska, N. Taranova
One of the most promising areas of modern science is geopolitics, which determines the main trends of today's social life. The research pays detailed attention to the theoretical aspects of the development of geopolitics as an important area of modern social geography. The main geopolitical trends of the twentieth century and the brightest representatives of each of them are described. The purpose of this study is to systematize the existing geopolitical schools and demonstrate the peculiarities of the formation of each of them. Geopolitics has existed since the existence of states. Whether small or large, states are always worried about their borders, while others express a desire to expand to countries with which they border. But beyond the natural and demarcated borders of each country, there are other geographical factors that favor or discourage the development of a country into a Great Power. It seems, therefore, that over the centuries geography has been a common denominator in shaping the foreign policy of states, the implementation of a geostrategic and geo-economic policy in order to maintain or increase their power at regional or international level. Although geopolitics has at times been condemned and rejected by the scientific community, it is clearly demonstrated that it is one of the most important factors in shaping the foreign policy of all states, regardless of whether they are characterized as Great Powers or not. The difference between the less powerful states and the Great Powers is that the latter have the ability and the opportunity to formulate their foreign policy and to advance their national interests, while the less powerful states simply endure the effects of these politics. Geopolitics is defined by many manuals and dictionaries of geography as a field of knowledge, which considers the concept of «space» important for understanding the nature of international relations. Understood mainly as «the geography of power» and having from time to time received various slightly different interpretations, geopolitics involves the following stable core of interpretation: it is the study of the interaction of natural geographical division and human purpose with cultural construction ensuring the economic and the military condominium a force on a particular area of the globe.
地缘政治是现代科学最有前途的领域之一,它决定着当今社会生活的主要趋势。作为现代社会地理学的一个重要领域,本研究对地缘政治发展的理论方面给予了详细的关注。书中描述了20世纪的主要地缘政治趋势及其最杰出的代表人物。本研究的目的是系统化现有的地缘政治学派,并展示每个学派形成的特点。自从国家存在以来,地缘政治就一直存在。无论大小,国家总是担心他们的边界,而另一些国家则表达了向与他们接壤的国家扩张的愿望。但是,在每个国家的自然和划定的边界之外,还有其他地理因素有利于或阻碍一个国家发展成为一个大国。因此,几个世纪以来,地理似乎一直是塑造各国外交政策、实施地缘战略和地缘经济政策的共同因素,以维持或增加其在地区或国际层面的权力。尽管地缘政治有时受到科学界的谴责和排斥,但它清楚地表明,它是塑造所有国家外交政策的最重要因素之一,无论它们是否被定性为大国。实力较弱的国家与大国的区别在于,后者有能力和机会制定自己的外交政策,推进自己的国家利益,而实力较弱的国家只是忍受这些政治的影响。地缘政治被许多地理手册和字典定义为一个知识领域,它认为“空间”的概念对于理解国际关系的本质很重要。地缘政治主要被理解为“权力的地理”,并且不时得到各种略有不同的解释,地缘政治涉及以下稳定的解释核心:它是对自然地理划分和人类目的的相互作用的研究,文化建设确保了全球特定地区的经济和军事共同力量。
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European vector of development of the modern scientific researches
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