M. C. Sant'ana, J. Almeida, Nathan B. Oliveira, Fernanda L. Barbosa, A. S. Araújo, Talitha B. Ciampi, Dai Yokoyama
This article aims to present the advances on the elaboration of the Urban Expansion Planning Manual for Disaster and Risk Management, which is being elaborated by the Ministry of Cities and external consultants in the GIDES Project. The urbanization processes in Brazil incorporated the accentuated social inequality, leading to the occupation of environmentally fragile areas and the configuration of risk scenarios. Intensified and spontaneous urban growth, combined with extreme rainfall events resulted in major sediment disaster, which led the Brazilian government to rethink its disaster management policies. Because of such rethinking, the Federal Law 12.068/12 incorporates the planning of urban expansion as a prevention tool of natural disasters. The methodology that is being developed is structured in three scales of planning : the macrozoning, intermediate zoning and the Urban Expansion Project.
{"title":"Development of the Manual of Disaster Risk Reduction Applied to Urban Planning","authors":"M. C. Sant'ana, J. Almeida, Nathan B. Oliveira, Fernanda L. Barbosa, A. S. Araújo, Talitha B. Ciampi, Dai Yokoyama","doi":"10.13101/ijece.13.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/ijece.13.23","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to present the advances on the elaboration of the Urban Expansion Planning Manual for Disaster and Risk Management, which is being elaborated by the Ministry of Cities and external consultants in the GIDES Project. The urbanization processes in Brazil incorporated the accentuated social inequality, leading to the occupation of environmentally fragile areas and the configuration of risk scenarios. Intensified and spontaneous urban growth, combined with extreme rainfall events resulted in major sediment disaster, which led the Brazilian government to rethink its disaster management policies. Because of such rethinking, the Federal Law 12.068/12 incorporates the planning of urban expansion as a prevention tool of natural disasters. The methodology that is being developed is structured in three scales of planning : the macrozoning, intermediate zoning and the Urban Expansion Project.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114159497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Pimentel, Thiago Dutra, Rafael Silva Ribeiro, P. A. D. S. Pfaltzgraff, Maria Emilia Radomski Brenny, Dario Dias Peixoto, Diogo Rodrigues Andrade da Silva, Hideyuki Iwanami, Tomohiro Nishimura
The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a new hazard mapping and risk assessment methodology in Brazil. This is one of GIDES project outputs that were adapted from Japanese mapping methodologies to the Braziliań s reality [Giustina , 2019]. In response to recent major disasters the Brazilian government has worked to reinforce the disaster prevention systems. In the implementation of Brazilian enhancement program in knowledge, skills and experience three main sectors were recognized : 1) urban planning and management ; 2) civil defense and 3) disaster prevention science and technology.
{"title":"Risk Assessment and Hazard Mapping Technique in the Project for Strengthening National Strategy of Integrated Natural Disaster Risk Management","authors":"J. Pimentel, Thiago Dutra, Rafael Silva Ribeiro, P. A. D. S. Pfaltzgraff, Maria Emilia Radomski Brenny, Dario Dias Peixoto, Diogo Rodrigues Andrade da Silva, Hideyuki Iwanami, Tomohiro Nishimura","doi":"10.13101/ijece.13.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/ijece.13.35","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a new hazard mapping and risk assessment methodology in Brazil. This is one of GIDES project outputs that were adapted from Japanese mapping methodologies to the Braziliań s reality [Giustina , 2019]. In response to recent major disasters the Brazilian government has worked to reinforce the disaster prevention systems. In the implementation of Brazilian enhancement program in knowledge, skills and experience three main sectors were recognized : 1) urban planning and management ; 2) civil defense and 3) disaster prevention science and technology.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128809785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Costa, C. G. Rampinelli, Erico C. Borges, Braulio E. S. Maia, M. V. F. Mota, P. R. Falcão, Y. Shimoda, Dimitry V. Znamensky
The GIDES Project, supported by JICA, is proceeding in Brazil in order to mitigate sediment disasters. A manual for the debris flow countermeasures has been drawn up as part of the Project goals. The manual is based on the Japanese guidelines for basic planning of countermeasures against debris flow and woody debris, however, adjustments were proposed due to typical natural and social conditions in Brazil. Some equations and coefficients were modified based on Brazilian field conditions. In addition, a flow chart was proposed in order to help engineers selecting debris flow suitable countermeasures. The manual methodology has been applied in two pilot project sites, regarding Brazilian areas affected by past sediment disasters : (1) The 2011 Região Serrana do Rio de Janeiro Disaster, and (2) the Santa Catarina state disaster occurred in 2008. This paper presents a summary of the Brazilian Manual for countermeasures planning against debris flow and introduces its methodology, showing two cases in which the manual guidelines were applied.
在日本国际协力事业团的支助下，GIDES项目正在巴西进行，以减轻泥沙灾害。作为项目目标的一部分，已编写了泥石流对策手册。该手册以日本的《泥石流和木屑对策基本规划指南》为基础，根据巴西的典型自然和社会条件进行了调整。根据巴西的实际情况，对部分方程和系数进行了修正。此外，还提出了泥石流治理的流程图，以帮助工程师选择合适的泥石流对策。手册方法已应用于两个试点项目站点，涉及巴西过去受沉积物灾害影响的地区:(1)2011年里约热内卢regi o Serrana do Rio de Janeiro灾害，(2)2008年圣卡塔琳娜州灾害。本文概述了《巴西泥石流对策规划手册》，并介绍了其方法，展示了应用手册准则的两个案例。
{"title":"Standard Countermeasures Studies for Debris Flow Disasters in Brazil","authors":"M. Costa, C. G. Rampinelli, Erico C. Borges, Braulio E. S. Maia, M. V. F. Mota, P. R. Falcão, Y. Shimoda, Dimitry V. Znamensky","doi":"10.13101/ijece.13.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/ijece.13.12","url":null,"abstract":"The GIDES Project, supported by JICA, is proceeding in Brazil in order to mitigate sediment disasters. A manual for the debris flow countermeasures has been drawn up as part of the Project goals. The manual is based on the Japanese guidelines for basic planning of countermeasures against debris flow and woody debris, however, adjustments were proposed due to typical natural and social conditions in Brazil. Some equations and coefficients were modified based on Brazilian field conditions. In addition, a flow chart was proposed in order to help engineers selecting debris flow suitable countermeasures. The manual methodology has been applied in two pilot project sites, regarding Brazilian areas affected by past sediment disasters : (1) The 2011 Região Serrana do Rio de Janeiro Disaster, and (2) the Santa Catarina state disaster occurred in 2008. This paper presents a summary of the Brazilian Manual for countermeasures planning against debris flow and introduces its methodology, showing two cases in which the manual guidelines were applied.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"130 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130197274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On 29 th October, 2014 during a heavy rain event, a large landslide occurred in Koslanda, Badulla District, Sri Lanka. The landslide and associated debris flow destroyed several houses and killed more than 30 people. Following the landslide, an aerial survey by helicopter on 5 th November, 2014 and field survey on 19 th and 20 th November, 2014 were undertaken by JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Project Team to understand the occurrence mechanism of the landslide and identify further hazard of the landslide. Further, we conducted numerical simulation to understand processes of these sediment disasters. This report summarizes the observation results conducted by the JICA Project Team, presents the geological explanation of the mechanism and causes of the landslide, and gives suggestions on emergency mitigation measure for further movements of the landslides.
{"title":"Disaster Report of Koslanda Landslide in Sri Lanka on October 29, 2014","authors":"Kenichi Handa, Ryuichi Hara, Akira Okawara, Toshiyuki Shimano, Akira Sasaki, Naoki Matsumoto, T. Uchida, Kiyotaka Suzuki, Yoichi Washio","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.124","url":null,"abstract":"On 29 th October, 2014 during a heavy rain event, a large landslide occurred in Koslanda, Badulla District, Sri Lanka. The landslide and associated debris flow destroyed several houses and killed more than 30 people. Following the landslide, an aerial survey by helicopter on 5 th November, 2014 and field survey on 19 th and 20 th November, 2014 were undertaken by JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Project Team to understand the occurrence mechanism of the landslide and identify further hazard of the landslide. Further, we conducted numerical simulation to understand processes of these sediment disasters. This report summarizes the observation results conducted by the JICA Project Team, presents the geological explanation of the mechanism and causes of the landslide, and gives suggestions on emergency mitigation measure for further movements of the landslides.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114573347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to develop and apply land use change (LUC) as a novel causative factor to produce landslide susceptibility map (LSM) by using frequency ratio (FR), certainty factor (CF), and logistic regression (LR) models in a geographic information system environment. In the study area, Upper Area of Ujung-loe Watersheds area South Sulawesi Indonesia, landslides were derived from aerial photography from time series data image of Google Earth Pro TM during 2012 − 2016 and field survey. LSM were built by using FR, CF, and LR with eleven causative factors. The results indicated that LUC affects landslide susceptibility in the study area according to FR and CF method. It can be inferred from the results of FR and CF, LUC has the highest value on both at LUC from primary forest to open area and paddy field, it was observed that the change vegetation type to another landscape destabilize slopes. However, in logistic regression method, LUC has on 5 th place from eleven causative factor, according to likelihood ratio test with chi-square value 85.065 after Slope, distance to river, distance to faults and aspect. Validation of landslide susceptibility was carried out by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Firstly, LR shows the highest accuracy in both success and predictive rate (85.6%). Secondly, the frequency of landslides in high to a very high class of susceptibility was calculated, which indicates the level of accuracy of the method. CF returns the highest accuracy of 85.28%.
本研究的目的是在地理信息系统环境下，利用频率比(FR)、确定性因子(CF)和逻辑回归(LR)模型，开发和应用土地利用变化(LUC)作为一种新的诱发因素来生成滑坡易感性图(LSM)。研究区为印度尼西亚南苏拉威西ujeong -loe流域上部区域，通过2012 - 2016年Google Earth Pro TM时间序列数据图像和野外调查的航拍影像获取滑坡。采用FR、CF和LR共11个致病因素构建LSM。结果表明，土地覆盖面积对研究区滑坡易感性有影响。从FR和CF的结果可以推断，土地利用价值在原始林到开阔地和水田的土地利用价值上都是最高的，植被类型向另一种景观类型的变化使边坡失稳。但在logistic回归方法中，根据坡度、河流距离、断层距离、坡向后的卡方值85.065的似然比检验，LUC在11个导致因素中排名第5位。通过计算接受者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)对滑坡敏感性进行验证。首先，LR在成功率和预测准确率上都显示出最高的准确率(85.6%)。其次，计算了高至极高易感等级滑坡的发生频率，表明了该方法的准确性。CF返回85.28%的最高准确率。
{"title":"Comparative Study of Land Use Change and Landslide Susceptibility Using Frequency Ratio, Certainty Factor, and Logistic Regression in Upper Area of Ujung-Loe Watersheds South Sulawesi Indonesia","authors":"A. S. Soma, T. Kubota, Aril Aditian","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.103","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to develop and apply land use change (LUC) as a novel causative factor to produce landslide susceptibility map (LSM) by using frequency ratio (FR), certainty factor (CF), and logistic regression (LR) models in a geographic information system environment. In the study area, Upper Area of Ujung-loe Watersheds area South Sulawesi Indonesia, landslides were derived from aerial photography from time series data image of Google Earth Pro TM during 2012 − 2016 and field survey. LSM were built by using FR, CF, and LR with eleven causative factors. The results indicated that LUC affects landslide susceptibility in the study area according to FR and CF method. It can be inferred from the results of FR and CF, LUC has the highest value on both at LUC from primary forest to open area and paddy field, it was observed that the change vegetation type to another landscape destabilize slopes. However, in logistic regression method, LUC has on 5 th place from eleven causative factor, according to likelihood ratio test with chi-square value 85.065 after Slope, distance to river, distance to faults and aspect. Validation of landslide susceptibility was carried out by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Firstly, LR shows the highest accuracy in both success and predictive rate (85.6%). Secondly, the frequency of landslides in high to a very high class of susceptibility was calculated, which indicates the level of accuracy of the method. CF returns the highest accuracy of 85.28%.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124158491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many techniques have been proposed for landslide hazard zonation (LHZ). They can generally be divided into two groups : direct or semi direct hazard mapping in which the degree of hazard is determined by the mapping expert and indirect hazard mapping in which either statistical or deterministic models are used to predict landslide prone areas based on information obtained from the interrelation between terrain factors and the landslide distribution. With the introduction of GIS, in particular indirect methods gained enormously due to its capacity to handle and analyze data with high spatial variability. corresponding weight maps are prepared manually. GIS is only used finally as an overlaying and reclassifying tool. In this workflow, very laborious effort is needed for the preparation of geology weight map, especially when complex terrain conditions and large amount of data are involved. One of the reasons is that, unlike all other factors where the basic mapping units are areas, the geology map consists of two major parts : lithological units as areas but structural attitudes as linear or point measurements. In 2009, an approach was discussed how GIS capabilities can be used efficiently to integrate the influence of structural attitudes such as strike or dip directions and dip angles for the preparation of geology weight maps which is an essential part of the LHZ model used in Sri Lanka. Even though the original procedure was based on manual weighting since then, the newly introduced automated procedure has been used by National Building Research Organization to accelerate the mapping procedure. Under this study, a statistical comparison and an assessment were done between the two procedures and necessary modifications to the latter, that is to the automated procedure is proposed to enhance the accuracy of the method.
{"title":"Landslide Hazard Zonation in Sri Lanka: An Assessment of Manual and GIS Based Automated Procedure in Preparation of Geology Weight Map","authors":"G. Jayathissa, D. Schröder, K. Balke, E. Fecker","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.116","url":null,"abstract":"Many techniques have been proposed for landslide hazard zonation (LHZ). They can generally be divided into two groups : direct or semi direct hazard mapping in which the degree of hazard is determined by the mapping expert and indirect hazard mapping in which either statistical or deterministic models are used to predict landslide prone areas based on information obtained from the interrelation between terrain factors and the landslide distribution. With the introduction of GIS, in particular indirect methods gained enormously due to its capacity to handle and analyze data with high spatial variability. corresponding weight maps are prepared manually. GIS is only used finally as an overlaying and reclassifying tool. In this workflow, very laborious effort is needed for the preparation of geology weight map, especially when complex terrain conditions and large amount of data are involved. One of the reasons is that, unlike all other factors where the basic mapping units are areas, the geology map consists of two major parts : lithological units as areas but structural attitudes as linear or point measurements. In 2009, an approach was discussed how GIS capabilities can be used efficiently to integrate the influence of structural attitudes such as strike or dip directions and dip angles for the preparation of geology weight maps which is an essential part of the LHZ model used in Sri Lanka. Even though the original procedure was based on manual weighting since then, the newly introduced automated procedure has been used by National Building Research Organization to accelerate the mapping procedure. Under this study, a statistical comparison and an assessment were done between the two procedures and necessary modifications to the latter, that is to the automated procedure is proposed to enhance the accuracy of the method.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130913448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiyohumi Matsunaga, Ryuhou Matsuda, T. Matsuo, Isamu Watanabe
The unprecedented earthquakes with a seismic intensity of seven hit Kumamoto prefecture twice in April 2016, and a series of earthquakes (the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes) triggered sediment disasters including slope failure and landslides, which caused serious damage to various areas in the prefecture. Notably, huge slope failures (Photo 1) occurred in Tateno district in Minamiaso-village, National Route 57, and National Route 325 were closed due to the collapse of Aso Ohashi Bridge, and JR Hohi Line, railroad line which was running along the area, was completely cut off. Aso, the popular tourist resort in Japan suffered a great deal of damage. After the earthquake, people in Kumamoto were thankful and realized many aspects of everyday life that people had taken for granted were precious, and the amount of effort to return to the pre-earthquake situation. This paper focuses on an outline of sediment disasters, among the many other disasters triggered by the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes, and how Kumamoto Prefecture coped with them.
{"title":"The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes Landslide Disasters and Response","authors":"Kiyohumi Matsunaga, Ryuhou Matsuda, T. Matsuo, Isamu Watanabe","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.131","url":null,"abstract":"The unprecedented earthquakes with a seismic intensity of seven hit Kumamoto prefecture twice in April 2016, and a series of earthquakes (the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes) triggered sediment disasters including slope failure and landslides, which caused serious damage to various areas in the prefecture. Notably, huge slope failures (Photo 1) occurred in Tateno district in Minamiaso-village, National Route 57, and National Route 325 were closed due to the collapse of Aso Ohashi Bridge, and JR Hohi Line, railroad line which was running along the area, was completely cut off. Aso, the popular tourist resort in Japan suffered a great deal of damage. After the earthquake, people in Kumamoto were thankful and realized many aspects of everyday life that people had taken for granted were precious, and the amount of effort to return to the pre-earthquake situation. This paper focuses on an outline of sediment disasters, among the many other disasters triggered by the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes, and how Kumamoto Prefecture coped with them.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130162262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proposal of Debris Flow Disasters Management in Brazil Based on Historical and Legal Aspects","authors":"M. Kobiyama, G. P. Michel, R. F. Goerl","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.85","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122493998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Gregorio, Celso Aluísio Graminha, P. Leal, T. Nery
The rapid growth of urban areas and their inadequate expansion on slopes and flood plains made sediment disasters more frequent in Brazil. After the succession of disasters that caused major damage between 2008 and 2011, the Brazilian government reformulated its strategy and policies related to disaster risk management. Within this strategy, the Brazilian government has proposed a cooperation agreement with the Government of Japan, resulting in GIDES Project, which has as its main objective the strengthening of the national strategy for natural disaster risk management. Regarding actions related to the monitoring and early warning of sediment disasters, three Brazilian Municipalities were chosen as Pilot Implementations for GIDES, aiming to allow the discussion of new methodologies, adapting content and language of the alerts, the establishment of shared and unified information flows and records, and the establishment of common protocols, in experimental scale. This article aims to draw the major aspects in Brazilian risk management context, outline the main challenges faced so far and the Project’s contribution perspectives for the improvement of sediment disaster risk management in Brazil, especially on issues related to monitoring and early warning.
{"title":"Contributions of GIDES Project for Sediment Disaster Early Warnings in Brazil","authors":"L. Gregorio, Celso Aluísio Graminha, P. Leal, T. Nery","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.73","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of urban areas and their inadequate expansion on slopes and flood plains made sediment disasters more frequent in Brazil. After the succession of disasters that caused major damage between 2008 and 2011, the Brazilian government reformulated its strategy and policies related to disaster risk management. Within this strategy, the Brazilian government has proposed a cooperation agreement with the Government of Japan, resulting in GIDES Project, which has as its main objective the strengthening of the national strategy for natural disaster risk management. Regarding actions related to the monitoring and early warning of sediment disasters, three Brazilian Municipalities were chosen as Pilot Implementations for GIDES, aiming to allow the discussion of new methodologies, adapting content and language of the alerts, the establishment of shared and unified information flows and records, and the establishment of common protocols, in experimental scale. This article aims to draw the major aspects in Brazilian risk management context, outline the main challenges faced so far and the Project’s contribution perspectives for the improvement of sediment disaster risk management in Brazil, especially on issues related to monitoring and early warning.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121517910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debris flows are mass movements composed by a viscous mixture of debris and water, very fast and highly mobile, with great energy and destructive power [Takahashi, 2007 ; Hungr et al ., 2014]. They occur in small basins with high hypsometric gradient and are characterized by : i) a zone of nucleation or initiation; ii) a channeled transport zone; and iii) a deposition zone downstream, characterized by the formation of depositional fans [Jakob and Hungr, 2005]. The initiation zone of debris flows corresponds to the region where there is slope failure on steep rock slopes, ravines or marginal channels (Fig.1). These material is entrapped by ravines or channels and loose the cohesion, generating debris flows [Hungr et al, 2005]. This process occurs either in sub-basins of order one or zero, associated with positive relief breaks, with slopes between 20-45°[Jakob, 2005]. Initiation zones have implications with hazard mapping, because it controls the generation and run-off of debris flows [Coe et al., 2008]. Due to their physical characteristics, the initiation zones are usually poorly monitored, and consequently the rainfall conditions or soil moisture of these areas is poorly understood. The study of the relationship between rock and its weathering products is important to understand the nucleation of shallow translational landslides which trigger debris flows [Chiu and Ng, 2014]. Several types of classifications have been proposed to account for the complexities of the granitic regolith profiles Original Article
泥石流是由泥石流和水的粘性混合物组成的团块运动，速度非常快，流动性很强，具有巨大的能量和破坏力[Takahashi, 2007;Hungr et al .， 2014]。它们产于低梯度的小盆地中，具有以下特征:1)成核或成核带;Ii)航道运输区;iii)以沉积扇形成为特征的下游沉积带[Jakob and Hungr, 2005]。泥石流起爆区对应的是陡岩边坡、沟壑或边缘河道发生边坡破坏的区域(图1)。这些物质被沟壑或沟渠困住，失去凝聚力，形成泥石流[Hungr et al .， 2005]。这一过程发生在一级或零级次盆地中，与正向起伏断裂相关，坡度在20-45°之间[Jakob, 2005]。起爆区对灾害测绘具有影响，因为它控制着泥石流的产生和径流[Coe等人，2008]。由于其物理特性，对起始区通常监测不足，因此对这些地区的降雨条件或土壤湿度知之甚少。研究岩石及其风化产物之间的关系对于理解引发泥石流的浅层平移滑坡的成核非常重要[Chiu and Ng, 2014]。提出了几种类型的分类，以说明花岗岩风化剖面的复杂性
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