M. Pozzobon, Claudinei Taborda da Silveira, G. Curcio
The landslides refer to processes involving material detachment. The mobilization takes place over one or more landslide plans. The rupture surfaces may develop with different geometries and in different depths, as well as involve different types of unconsolidated materials [Cruden and Varnes 1996 ; Augusto Filho and Virgili 1998 ; Dikau 2004 ; Fiori and Carmignani 2009]. The natural outbreak of these phenomena alongside the Brazilian Atlantic coast is strongly bounded to intense rainfall episodes [Wolle and Pedrosa 1981 ; Ahrendt 2005 ; Vedovello and Macedo 2007]. The instabilities mainly manifest in hydric conversion zones where the regolith mantle reaches its maximum thickness, according to the critical slope limit imposed by the local dynamic balance relations [Matsushi et al . 2006 ; Fiori and Carmignani 2009]. The mobilized material may result in mass runs when there is enough water and when the topography favors the convergence of debris in the natural flowing channels ; thus, amplifying its direct and indirect effects [Cruden and Varnes 1996, Dikau 2004, Matsushi et al . 2006]. The susceptibility analysis allows identifying the potential occurrence of the phenomenon, and the analysis may be conducted through empirical models Original Article
滑坡是指涉及物质剥离的过程。动员发生在一个或多个滑坡计划上。破裂面可能以不同的几何形状和不同的深度发展，并涉及不同类型的松散材料[Cruden和Varnes 1996;奥古斯托·菲略和维吉利1998;Dikau 2004;Fiori and Carmignani 2009]。这些现象在巴西大西洋沿岸的自然爆发与强降雨事件密切相关[Wolle和Pedrosa 1981;阿伦特2005;Vedovello and Macedo 2007]。根据局部动态平衡关系施加的临界斜率极限，不稳定性主要表现在风化地幔达到最大厚度的水力转换带[Matsushi等]。2006;Fiori and Carmignani 2009]。当有足够的水和地形有利于岩屑在自然流道中汇聚时，被动员的物质可能会导致大量流动;因此，放大了其直接和间接影响[Cruden和Varnes 1996, Dikau 2004, Matsushi等人]。2006]。敏感性分析可以识别现象的潜在发生，分析可以通过经验模型进行
{"title":"Landslides Susceptibility Analysis in Blumenau, Southern Brazil: a Probabilistic Approach","authors":"M. Pozzobon, Claudinei Taborda da Silveira, G. Curcio","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.63","url":null,"abstract":"The landslides refer to processes involving material detachment. The mobilization takes place over one or more landslide plans. The rupture surfaces may develop with different geometries and in different depths, as well as involve different types of unconsolidated materials [Cruden and Varnes 1996 ; Augusto Filho and Virgili 1998 ; Dikau 2004 ; Fiori and Carmignani 2009]. The natural outbreak of these phenomena alongside the Brazilian Atlantic coast is strongly bounded to intense rainfall episodes [Wolle and Pedrosa 1981 ; Ahrendt 2005 ; Vedovello and Macedo 2007]. The instabilities mainly manifest in hydric conversion zones where the regolith mantle reaches its maximum thickness, according to the critical slope limit imposed by the local dynamic balance relations [Matsushi et al . 2006 ; Fiori and Carmignani 2009]. The mobilized material may result in mass runs when there is enough water and when the topography favors the convergence of debris in the natural flowing channels ; thus, amplifying its direct and indirect effects [Cruden and Varnes 1996, Dikau 2004, Matsushi et al . 2006]. The susceptibility analysis allows identifying the potential occurrence of the phenomenon, and the analysis may be conducted through empirical models Original Article","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"1 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128782623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ingrid Ferreira Lima, Pucai Yang, M. Pozzobon, Eloir Maoski, Gerson Lange Filho
As a direct result of continuous rainfall, following a small landslide occurring at about 18 : 30 on October 22, 2015, a large landslide occurred at about 2 : 00 am local time on October 23, 2015, on the left slope of the Garcia River, a branch of the Itajaí-Açu River, southern Blumenau, State of Santa Catarina-Brazil. The landslide occurred immediately after a month period that was marked by unusually high levels of rainfall locally (354.6 mm/month). The landslide initiated within an approximately 300-m-high steep slope and about 200 m of altimetry gradient at the base of the landslide in the geological context area of sedimentary rocks of the Neo-Proterozoic Gaspar Formation. The formation is composed mainly of sandstone and conglomerates and intercalated with fine -grained volcanic tuff bed. The landslide debris struck the community of Willy’s Rancho at the base of the landslide slope, seriously damaging 4 houses and temporarily damming the Garcia River. The landslide debris travelled downslope and partially into the Garcia River, and completely blocked the original course of the Garcia River, leading to changed flow course around the base of the landslide slope and formed landslide dam with a crest height of about 6.0 m above the riverbed. Shortly after the formation of the landslide dam it was immediately impounded to a depth of about 6.0 m above the valley and a length of about 250 m behind the dam, and then partially failed due to overflow and erosion. By the time of our site visit the Garcia River has been partially blocked at an estimated water level of about 4.5 m above the riverbed in the area of the natural dam. The landslide debris still accumulates mostly on the Disaster Report
{"title":"Preliminary Investigation and Assessment of Landslide Dam Occurring in Blumenau, Southern Brazil","authors":"Ingrid Ferreira Lima, Pucai Yang, M. Pozzobon, Eloir Maoski, Gerson Lange Filho","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.94","url":null,"abstract":"As a direct result of continuous rainfall, following a small landslide occurring at about 18 : 30 on October 22, 2015, a large landslide occurred at about 2 : 00 am local time on October 23, 2015, on the left slope of the Garcia River, a branch of the Itajaí-Açu River, southern Blumenau, State of Santa Catarina-Brazil. The landslide occurred immediately after a month period that was marked by unusually high levels of rainfall locally (354.6 mm/month). The landslide initiated within an approximately 300-m-high steep slope and about 200 m of altimetry gradient at the base of the landslide in the geological context area of sedimentary rocks of the Neo-Proterozoic Gaspar Formation. The formation is composed mainly of sandstone and conglomerates and intercalated with fine -grained volcanic tuff bed. The landslide debris struck the community of Willy’s Rancho at the base of the landslide slope, seriously damaging 4 houses and temporarily damming the Garcia River. The landslide debris travelled downslope and partially into the Garcia River, and completely blocked the original course of the Garcia River, leading to changed flow course around the base of the landslide slope and formed landslide dam with a crest height of about 6.0 m above the riverbed. Shortly after the formation of the landslide dam it was immediately impounded to a depth of about 6.0 m above the valley and a length of about 250 m behind the dam, and then partially failed due to overflow and erosion. By the time of our site visit the Garcia River has been partially blocked at an estimated water level of about 4.5 m above the riverbed in the area of the natural dam. The landslide debris still accumulates mostly on the Disaster Report","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122445584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. T. Cruz, F. Massad, M. A. Kanji, Kokei Uehara, H. Ishitani, Yasuko Tezuka, H. Filho
This paper deals with the erosion and sediment control engineering works (“sabo works” to use a Japanese term), built along the Pedras River and its tributary to protect the installations of an oil refinery against the destructive action of debris flows. The refinery is located in Cubatão, State of São Paulo, Brazil, at the foot of the steep hill slope of the “Serra do Mar” mountain range. Officially called Refinaria Presidente Bernardes Cubatão (RPBC), it is an important unit of PETROBRAS, the largest oil company in Brazil, mainly for its characteristics of being the most complex one, producing a great variety of products. Its annual production is about 200,000 barrels per day. As the area is densely occupied by chemical and processing industries, the discharge of pollutants to the atmosphere has affected the vegetation of the hill slopes, causing its degradation, either by direct incidence or by acid rains. Although an aggravating factor, this may not be solely responsible for the landslides and debris flows, since the geological inspections of the river deposits have shown that these phenomena has been recurrent in the last thousand years. In addition an old road, “Caminho do Mar”, which crosses the basin along the mountain range, was at that time out of use and without proper maintenance, particularly as far as its drainage system was concerned. The excess water drained by the road poured into the basin, increasing the erosion problems, and the amount of loose material that was easily incorporated to a debris flow. Preservation of the natural landscape, against erosion and sediment transport, and protection of the natural vegetation were also of basic concern in the design of such “sabo works”. Although “sabo works” have a long history in countries like Austria and Japan, it is a pioneer activity in Brazil, that benefits from the world-wide experience regarding economy and effectiveness. It is worth mentioning the technical visit carried out by some of the authors to Japan, in 1996, to learn from the Japanese expertise in this field of knowledge.
本文涉及沿佩德拉斯河及其支流建造的侵蚀和沉积物控制工程(日语称为“sabo工程”)，以保护炼油厂的设施免受泥石流的破坏。该炼油厂位于巴西圣保罗州的cubat，位于“Serra do Mar”山脉陡峭山坡的脚下。它的正式名称为Refinaria Presidente Bernardes cubat o (RPBC)，是巴西最大的石油公司PETROBRAS的重要部门，主要是因为它的特点是最复杂的一个，生产各种各样的产品。其年产量约为每天20万桶。由于该地区被化学和加工工业密集占据，向大气排放污染物影响了山坡上的植被，造成其退化，或直接发生，或由酸雨造成。虽然这是一个加剧的因素，但这可能不是造成滑坡和泥石流的唯一原因，因为对河流沉积物的地质检查表明，这些现象在过去一千年中反复出现。此外，一条沿着山脉穿过盆地的旧路“Caminho do Mar”当时已经停止使用，没有得到适当的维护，特别是就其排水系统而言。道路排出的多余的水涌入盆地，增加了侵蚀问题，以及容易形成泥石流的松散物质的数量。保护自然景观，防止侵蚀和泥沙流失，以及保护自然植被，也是设计这类“沙波工程”的基本考虑。虽然“sabo works”在奥地利和日本等国家有着悠久的历史，但它在巴西是一项先锋活动，受益于世界范围内经济和效率方面的经验。值得一提的是，一些作者于1996年对日本进行了技术访问，以学习日本在这一知识领域的专门知识。
{"title":"Sabo Works: A Pioneering Experience in Brazil","authors":"P. T. Cruz, F. Massad, M. A. Kanji, Kokei Uehara, H. Ishitani, Yasuko Tezuka, H. Filho","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.39","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the erosion and sediment control engineering works (“sabo works” to use a Japanese term), built along the Pedras River and its tributary to protect the installations of an oil refinery against the destructive action of debris flows. The refinery is located in Cubatão, State of São Paulo, Brazil, at the foot of the steep hill slope of the “Serra do Mar” mountain range. Officially called Refinaria Presidente Bernardes Cubatão (RPBC), it is an important unit of PETROBRAS, the largest oil company in Brazil, mainly for its characteristics of being the most complex one, producing a great variety of products. Its annual production is about 200,000 barrels per day. As the area is densely occupied by chemical and processing industries, the discharge of pollutants to the atmosphere has affected the vegetation of the hill slopes, causing its degradation, either by direct incidence or by acid rains. Although an aggravating factor, this may not be solely responsible for the landslides and debris flows, since the geological inspections of the river deposits have shown that these phenomena has been recurrent in the last thousand years. In addition an old road, “Caminho do Mar”, which crosses the basin along the mountain range, was at that time out of use and without proper maintenance, particularly as far as its drainage system was concerned. The excess water drained by the road poured into the basin, increasing the erosion problems, and the amount of loose material that was easily incorporated to a debris flow. Preservation of the natural landscape, against erosion and sediment transport, and protection of the natural vegetation were also of basic concern in the design of such “sabo works”. Although “sabo works” have a long history in countries like Austria and Japan, it is a pioneer activity in Brazil, that benefits from the world-wide experience regarding economy and effectiveness. It is worth mentioning the technical visit carried out by some of the authors to Japan, in 1996, to learn from the Japanese expertise in this field of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126700949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Project for Strengthening National Strategy of Integrated Natural Disaster Risk Management, GIDES Project, in Brazil","authors":"Yuri Rafael Della Giustina","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123960407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kubota, T. Jitousono, Yoshiki Nagai, O. Shimizu, H. Mizuno, Yasuhiro Nomura, Yamato Suzuki, T. Yamakoshi, Takashi Koi, Hiroyuki Ohishi, Y. Hirakawa
Early morning on April 11th, 2018, in the Yabakei area of Nakatsu city, Oita prefecture Japan, an unexpected landslide occurred without any usual causes such as rainfall (Fig. 1, Photo 1-Photo 4). According to Oita prefecture’s announcement, 4 houses were damaged, and 6 residents were killed. The rain observatory in the vicinity of the landslide slope recorded only 4.5 mm and 1.5 mm rainfall just on April 6th and 7th, respectively. Rainfall had not been observed April 8th to April 11th. With a simple in-situ survey, the landslide had a measured length of approximately 210 m, a height of about 120 m, a width of about 110 m, and a scarp of about 30 m in height. Its equivalent friction coefficient is about 0.471. Currently, the major cause of the landslide was estimated to be weathered clay layer formed from tuff by mineral-groundwater reaction. Disaster News
{"title":"The overview of the Yabakei landslide occurred on April 11th 2018 in Nakatsu city, Oita prefecture, Japan","authors":"T. Kubota, T. Jitousono, Yoshiki Nagai, O. Shimizu, H. Mizuno, Yasuhiro Nomura, Yamato Suzuki, T. Yamakoshi, Takashi Koi, Hiroyuki Ohishi, Y. Hirakawa","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.36","url":null,"abstract":"Early morning on April 11th, 2018, in the Yabakei area of Nakatsu city, Oita prefecture Japan, an unexpected landslide occurred without any usual causes such as rainfall (Fig. 1, Photo 1-Photo 4). According to Oita prefecture’s announcement, 4 houses were damaged, and 6 residents were killed. The rain observatory in the vicinity of the landslide slope recorded only 4.5 mm and 1.5 mm rainfall just on April 6th and 7th, respectively. Rainfall had not been observed April 8th to April 11th. With a simple in-situ survey, the landslide had a measured length of approximately 210 m, a height of about 120 m, a width of about 110 m, and a scarp of about 30 m in height. Its equivalent friction coefficient is about 0.471. Currently, the major cause of the landslide was estimated to be weathered clay layer formed from tuff by mineral-groundwater reaction. Disaster News","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"2122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129965684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenichi Handa, Akira Okawara, Akira Sasaki, Mitsuya Okamura, Masahito Ishihara, R. Nakano, Naoki Matsumoto, T. Uchida, Kiyotaka Suzuki, Yoichi Washio
A large-scale sediment disaster occurred in Aranayake, Kegalle District, Sri on 17 th, May, 2016, due to the heavy rainfall from the 15th May, 2016. The damage from the heavy rainfall is as follows (DMC (Disaster Management Centre) Situation Report as at 9 : 00, 13 th Jun, 2016). The number of deaths is 31 people, and 96 peoples missing at Aranayake. Therefore to understand the overall disaster situation of the sediment disaster area, we conducted an aerial survey by using a Sri Lankan Air Force chopper on 22 May and field survey on 8th to 9th and 21st to 22nd Jun as JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Survey team. Further, we conducted numerical simulation to understand processes of this sediment disaster. In this report, we compiled two kinds of survey results and a proposal about the improvement of sediment disaster countermeasures in the future.
{"title":"Survey Report of Sediment Disaster in Aranayake, Sri Lanka, on May, 2016","authors":"Kenichi Handa, Akira Okawara, Akira Sasaki, Mitsuya Okamura, Masahito Ishihara, R. Nakano, Naoki Matsumoto, T. Uchida, Kiyotaka Suzuki, Yoichi Washio","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.28","url":null,"abstract":"A large-scale sediment disaster occurred in Aranayake, Kegalle District, Sri on 17 th, May, 2016, due to the heavy rainfall from the 15th May, 2016. The damage from the heavy rainfall is as follows (DMC (Disaster Management Centre) Situation Report as at 9 : 00, 13 th Jun, 2016). The number of deaths is 31 people, and 96 peoples missing at Aranayake. Therefore to understand the overall disaster situation of the sediment disaster area, we conducted an aerial survey by using a Sri Lankan Air Force chopper on 22 May and field survey on 8th to 9th and 21st to 22nd Jun as JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Survey team. Further, we conducted numerical simulation to understand processes of this sediment disaster. In this report, we compiled two kinds of survey results and a proposal about the improvement of sediment disaster countermeasures in the future.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114932418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Yamakawa, N. Hotta, H. Tsunetaka, O. Ohsaka, N. Masaoka, F. Imaizumi, Kosugi Ken'ichirou
On 15-16 October 2013, Typhoon No. 26 (Wipha) struck Izu-Oshima Island, bringing record-breaking levels of rainfall (24-h precipitation>800 mm) and causing landslides that resulted in more than 40 casualties from debris downstream [Ishikawa et al ., 2014]. Shallow landslides in the large upstream area of the Okanazawa watershed were a major cause of the disaster. The Mount Miharayama volcano is located on Izu-Oshima Island and the collapsed slopes of the upper Okanazawa watershed consist of alternating layers of tephra (containing ash and scoria) and loess deposits, formed by a series of eruptions that occurred in historic times [Koyama and Hayakawa , 1996]. The tephra was deposited by eruptions and the loess is eolian dust that accumulated during the intervening periods. Some reports suggest that the landslides are attributable to the peculiar geology of volcanic regions as follows. The depth of slip surface is 0.5-2.0 m and generally less than 1.0 m, which corresponds to the upper surface of the loess layers. The loess layers act as a hydraulic aquiclude, leading to an increase in pore water pressure within the upper soil layers during heavy rainfall [Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan , 2015]. Hotta et al . [2016] studied the upper Okanazawa watershed and observed significant increases in pore water pressure at the outside edge of a landslide. These increases occurred during heavy rainfall and in the upper part of Original Article
2013年10月15日至16日，第26号台风(威帕)袭击了伊豆大岛，带来了破纪录的降雨量(24小时降雨量>800毫米)，并引发了山体滑坡，导致下游泥石流造成40多人伤亡[Ishikawa等人，2014]。冈泽流域上游大片地区的浅层滑坡是造成这场灾难的主要原因。Miharayama火山位于伊豆大岛(Izu-Oshima)上，冈泽流域上部的崩塌斜坡由历史时期发生的一系列火山喷发形成的火山灰(含火山灰和矿渣)和黄土沉积物交替层组成[Koyama和Hayakawa, 1996]。火山灰是火山喷发形成的，黄土是其间形成的风沙。一些报道认为，滑坡的成因是火山地区特殊的地质条件。滑面深度为0.5 ~ 2.0 m，一般小于1.0 m，与黄土上表层相对应。黄土作为水力蓄水层，在强降雨期间导致上层土壤孔隙水压力增加[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan, 2015]。Hotta等人。[2016]对冈泽上游流域进行了研究，发现滑坡外缘孔隙水压力显著增加。这些增加发生在强降雨期间和原始文章的上部
{"title":"Investigation of volcanic deposits using a combined penetrometer-moisture probe: Application in Izu-Oshima Volcano, Japan","authors":"Y. Yamakawa, N. Hotta, H. Tsunetaka, O. Ohsaka, N. Masaoka, F. Imaizumi, Kosugi Ken'ichirou","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.15","url":null,"abstract":"On 15-16 October 2013, Typhoon No. 26 (Wipha) struck Izu-Oshima Island, bringing record-breaking levels of rainfall (24-h precipitation>800 mm) and causing landslides that resulted in more than 40 casualties from debris downstream [Ishikawa et al ., 2014]. Shallow landslides in the large upstream area of the Okanazawa watershed were a major cause of the disaster. The Mount Miharayama volcano is located on Izu-Oshima Island and the collapsed slopes of the upper Okanazawa watershed consist of alternating layers of tephra (containing ash and scoria) and loess deposits, formed by a series of eruptions that occurred in historic times [Koyama and Hayakawa , 1996]. The tephra was deposited by eruptions and the loess is eolian dust that accumulated during the intervening periods. Some reports suggest that the landslides are attributable to the peculiar geology of volcanic regions as follows. The depth of slip surface is 0.5-2.0 m and generally less than 1.0 m, which corresponds to the upper surface of the loess layers. The loess layers act as a hydraulic aquiclude, leading to an increase in pore water pressure within the upper soil layers during heavy rainfall [Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan , 2015]. Hotta et al . [2016] studied the upper Okanazawa watershed and observed significant increases in pore water pressure at the outside edge of a landslide. These increases occurred during heavy rainfall and in the upper part of Original Article","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125846793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of GeoWEPP for Evaluating Sediment Yield in a Mountain Area: Agatsuma Watershed, Japan","authors":"K. Amaru, N. Hotta","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.11.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.11.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115621777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasukazu Kosuge, Y. Hasegawa, Y. Satofuka, T. Mizuyama
Although the crush and abrasion phenomena associated with the downstream flow of riverbed gravel have long been studied, they still present a challenge. The crush and abrasion phenomena of gravel are not considered in river channel and erosion control plans in Japan. However, evaluating the crush and abrasion phenomena of gravel that flows down from mountain rivers is important from the viewpoint of the integrated management of sediment in a watershed. Thus, we conducted rotation crush and abrasion tests on nine cobble gravel rock types, 〜 200 mm in diameter, which are normally distributed in mountain rivers, and determined the characteristics of the weight reduction rate ( β r ) of cobble gravel by rock type and the grain size distribution of the sediment particles produced. Then, we conducted channel crush and abrasion tests to convert the crush and abrasion phenomena associated with the rotational movement of cobble gravel into those associated with the downstream flow of gravel in mountain rivers. The result of comparing the rates of weight reduction ( β r and β s ) of cobble gravel in both tests showed that the rate of weight reduction ( β r ) associated with rotation can be converted to the rate of weight reduction ( β s ) closer to the downstream flow of cobble gravel in mountain rivers by multiplying the conversion rate α ＊ with the rotation-associated crush and abrasion coefficient α r using Sternberg’s law.
{"title":"Evaluation of crush and abrasion phenomena in cobble gravels during transport in mountain rivers","authors":"Yasukazu Kosuge, Y. Hasegawa, Y. Satofuka, T. Mizuyama","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.10.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.10.141","url":null,"abstract":"Although the crush and abrasion phenomena associated with the downstream flow of riverbed gravel have long been studied, they still present a challenge. The crush and abrasion phenomena of gravel are not considered in river channel and erosion control plans in Japan. However, evaluating the crush and abrasion phenomena of gravel that flows down from mountain rivers is important from the viewpoint of the integrated management of sediment in a watershed. Thus, we conducted rotation crush and abrasion tests on nine cobble gravel rock types, 〜 200 mm in diameter, which are normally distributed in mountain rivers, and determined the characteristics of the weight reduction rate ( β r ) of cobble gravel by rock type and the grain size distribution of the sediment particles produced. Then, we conducted channel crush and abrasion tests to convert the crush and abrasion phenomena associated with the rotational movement of cobble gravel into those associated with the downstream flow of gravel in mountain rivers. The result of comparing the rates of weight reduction ( β r and β s ) of cobble gravel in both tests showed that the rate of weight reduction ( β r ) associated with rotation can be converted to the rate of weight reduction ( β s ) closer to the downstream flow of cobble gravel in mountain rivers by multiplying the conversion rate α ＊ with the rotation-associated crush and abrasion coefficient α r using Sternberg’s law.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130191166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the afternoon of Friday September 25, 2015, a landslide occurred in Lilisland, part of the Wedamulla Estate of Kotmale, Nuwara Eliya District, Sri Lanka ; seven people were killed. Immediately after the disaster, the National Building Research Organization (NBRO) conducted a survey and produced the “Preliminary Land Survey Report on the Landslide Occurrence in Lilisland of Wedamulla Estate of Kotmale AGA Division, Nuwara Eliya District” (hereafter, the NBRO report). A Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) survey team performed a field survey after the landslide disaster in Koslanda, Badulla District, at the end of October 2014, and introduced a sediment disaster survey method that is now widely used in Japan and Sri Lanka. Also at this time, we (i. e., a JICA survey team) conducted a 2-day field survey on September 30 and October 1, 2015, for the purpose of elucidating the type of disaster and its underlying mechanism. In addition, we conducted an after-action review (AAR) on September 30 and October 1, 2015, and on December 19, 2016, and confirmed the situation at the time of the disaster. We compiled the results into a report for use in countermeasures against sediment disasters in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Survey Report of Sediment Disaster in Kotmale, Sri Lanka, on September, 2015","authors":"Kenichi Handa, Mitsuya Okamura, Yoshinori Kawamura, Yoji Kasahara, Nobuaki Kato, Masayuki Miyase, Toshiyuki Shimano, Masahito Ishihara, S. Perera, Ayako Tanaka","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.10.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.10.150","url":null,"abstract":"On the afternoon of Friday September 25, 2015, a landslide occurred in Lilisland, part of the Wedamulla Estate of Kotmale, Nuwara Eliya District, Sri Lanka ; seven people were killed. Immediately after the disaster, the National Building Research Organization (NBRO) conducted a survey and produced the “Preliminary Land Survey Report on the Landslide Occurrence in Lilisland of Wedamulla Estate of Kotmale AGA Division, Nuwara Eliya District” (hereafter, the NBRO report). A Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) survey team performed a field survey after the landslide disaster in Koslanda, Badulla District, at the end of October 2014, and introduced a sediment disaster survey method that is now widely used in Japan and Sri Lanka. Also at this time, we (i. e., a JICA survey team) conducted a 2-day field survey on September 30 and October 1, 2015, for the purpose of elucidating the type of disaster and its underlying mechanism. In addition, we conducted an after-action review (AAR) on September 30 and October 1, 2015, and on December 19, 2016, and confirmed the situation at the time of the disaster. We compiled the results into a report for use in countermeasures against sediment disasters in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131664368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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