T. Itoh, Takahiko Nagayama, Satoru Matsuda, T. Mizuyama
Observations of debris flows have been reported in numerous studies over many previous decades [e.g., Arattano , 1999 ; Rickenmann , 1999 ; Suwa et al ., 2019], and systematic research into the mechanics of these flows, including detailed investigations in flume tests, has been carried out for approximately 60 years [e.g., Daido , 1971 ; Rickenmann , 1999]. Previous studies of debris flow mechanisms have examined non-uniform-sized debris in mountain torrents via flume tests and field observations as part of efforts to clarify those mechanisms. However, it is still difficult to grasp the vertical and longitudinal component segregation of sediment particles and the vertical profiles of velocity and volumetric concentration that are related to pressure and stress. In Japan, the Disaster Prevention Research Institute of Kyoto University (DPRI) and the Matsumoto Sabo Office of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) began debris flow monitoring and observations at Kamikamihorizawa Creek on the eastern slope of Mt. Yakedake in 1970 [e. g., Suwa et al ., 1973 ; Okuda et al ., 1980]. Heavy rainfalls have caused numerous debris flow events since the last phreatic explosion of this volcano in 1962. Those observations, which continued until the 2000s, resulted in the collection of vast amounts of data on phenomena such as the longitudinal spreading velocity of the frontal part, temporal changes of surges, the relationship between the flow peak discharge rate and the volume, and other factors. At Sakurajima Island, debris flow observations were carried out from the 1970s to monitor the debris flow occurrences that followed volcanic eruptions [e.g., Osaka et al ., 2014], as well as at Kamikamihorizawa Creek, where sediment-water mixture measurements of debris flow bodies were carried out manually with a sampling box to evaluate sediment concentrations. However, little information regarding sediment Original Article
{"title":"Direct Debris Flow Measurements using DFLP system at Kamikamihorizawa Creek","authors":"T. Itoh, Takahiko Nagayama, Satoru Matsuda, T. Mizuyama","doi":"10.13101/ijece.14.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/ijece.14.12","url":null,"abstract":"Observations of debris flows have been reported in numerous studies over many previous decades [e.g., Arattano , 1999 ; Rickenmann , 1999 ; Suwa et al ., 2019], and systematic research into the mechanics of these flows, including detailed investigations in flume tests, has been carried out for approximately 60 years [e.g., Daido , 1971 ; Rickenmann , 1999]. Previous studies of debris flow mechanisms have examined non-uniform-sized debris in mountain torrents via flume tests and field observations as part of efforts to clarify those mechanisms. However, it is still difficult to grasp the vertical and longitudinal component segregation of sediment particles and the vertical profiles of velocity and volumetric concentration that are related to pressure and stress. In Japan, the Disaster Prevention Research Institute of Kyoto University (DPRI) and the Matsumoto Sabo Office of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) began debris flow monitoring and observations at Kamikamihorizawa Creek on the eastern slope of Mt. Yakedake in 1970 [e. g., Suwa et al ., 1973 ; Okuda et al ., 1980]. Heavy rainfalls have caused numerous debris flow events since the last phreatic explosion of this volcano in 1962. Those observations, which continued until the 2000s, resulted in the collection of vast amounts of data on phenomena such as the longitudinal spreading velocity of the frontal part, temporal changes of surges, the relationship between the flow peak discharge rate and the volume, and other factors. At Sakurajima Island, debris flow observations were carried out from the 1970s to monitor the debris flow occurrences that followed volcanic eruptions [e.g., Osaka et al ., 2014], as well as at Kamikamihorizawa Creek, where sediment-water mixture measurements of debris flow bodies were carried out manually with a sampling box to evaluate sediment concentrations. However, little information regarding sediment Original Article","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116481863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Wada, K. Nakatani, Y. Satofuka, T. Mizuyama, K. Kosugi, H. Miwa
a numerical model that considers how the deposition and flood propagation of these flows occur at the confluences based on their various characteristics. Therefore, we developed a numerical model named “the multiple inflow model with debris flows and river floods.” In the developed model, the downstream ends of several 1-D calculation areas for mountain streams are connected on a 2-D calculation area for a confluence area at any selected points. With the developed model, we performed calculations to reproduce the debris flow disaster in the Nachigawa River plain, which induced by 2011 Typhoon Talas in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. During this event, the debris flows that simultaneously flowed into the river from several mountain streams contributed to the deposition and flooding around the streams and river confluences, and the damaged areas around them expanded. The calculated result indicates that we can estimate reasonably the deposition and flood propagation of the debris flows and river flood around the confluences and their downstream areas. This also indicates that the developed model helps us to investigate how multiple debris flows inflowing from mountain streams contribute to the disaster, and develop more efficient countermeasures for these inflows.
{"title":"Development of a Numerical Model for Deposition and Flood Propagation by Multiple Inflows of Debris Flows and River Floods","authors":"T. Wada, K. Nakatani, Y. Satofuka, T. Mizuyama, K. Kosugi, H. Miwa","doi":"10.13101/ijece.14.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/ijece.14.20","url":null,"abstract":"a numerical model that considers how the deposition and flood propagation of these flows occur at the confluences based on their various characteristics. Therefore, we developed a numerical model named “the multiple inflow model with debris flows and river floods.” In the developed model, the downstream ends of several 1-D calculation areas for mountain streams are connected on a 2-D calculation area for a confluence area at any selected points. With the developed model, we performed calculations to reproduce the debris flow disaster in the Nachigawa River plain, which induced by 2011 Typhoon Talas in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. During this event, the debris flows that simultaneously flowed into the river from several mountain streams contributed to the deposition and flooding around the streams and river confluences, and the damaged areas around them expanded. The calculated result indicates that we can estimate reasonably the deposition and flood propagation of the debris flows and river flood around the confluences and their downstream areas. This also indicates that the developed model helps us to investigate how multiple debris flows inflowing from mountain streams contribute to the disaster, and develop more efficient countermeasures for these inflows.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127502994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
different Due to the complexity and difficulty of observing debris flow in the field, computational modeling has been used to investigate this geological phenomenon. One of the computational simulators for this purpose is Kanako-2D. In order to understand the phenomenon itself and the model, the present study performs a sensitivity analysis of the Kanako-2D simulator in relation to runout distance, reached area, and flow width. The values of the input parameters were individually changed in a physical-based criterion while the others were kept at standard values. Real slope-site with a history of debris flow and a hypothetical slope-site with similar characteristics were utilized. The sensitivity analysis was quantified from three methods : screening, regionalized, and variance analysis. The results show high sensitivity to Kanako-2D for the angle of internal friction, sediment diameter, the mass density of the fluid phase, and the mass density of bed material.
{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis of Debris Flow Simulations Using Kanako-2D","authors":"M. A. Paixão, M. Kobiyama, M. Fujita, K. Nakatani","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.14.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.14.1","url":null,"abstract":"different Due to the complexity and difficulty of observing debris flow in the field, computational modeling has been used to investigate this geological phenomenon. One of the computational simulators for this purpose is Kanako-2D. In order to understand the phenomenon itself and the model, the present study performs a sensitivity analysis of the Kanako-2D simulator in relation to runout distance, reached area, and flow width. The values of the input parameters were individually changed in a physical-based criterion while the others were kept at standard values. Real slope-site with a history of debris flow and a hypothetical slope-site with similar characteristics were utilized. The sensitivity analysis was quantified from three methods : screening, regionalized, and variance analysis. The results show high sensitivity to Kanako-2D for the angle of internal friction, sediment diameter, the mass density of the fluid phase, and the mass density of bed material.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132567793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Paixão, C. W. Corseuil, M. Kobiyama, Itzayana González Ávila, Franciele Maria Vanelli, H. U. Oliveira, Sofia Melo Vasconcellos, Karla Campagnolo, Marina Refatti Fagundes
As a result of the passing of two cyclones in July 2020, multi-disasters were registered in the Mampituba River basin, southern Brazil. The first event was a bomb cyclone that took place on July 1 and caused a storm wind that damaged rooftops and felled countless trees. One week later, an extratropical cyclone took place on July 7 and 8, and caused extreme rainfall. Because of the extreme rainfall, debris flow, debris flood, woody debris flow, and floods were registered in the basin. Two municipalities (Praia Grande and Mampituba) were directly affected by the storm winds due to the passing of the bomb cyclone at the first week. Then, the municipalities were also affected by the floods due to the passing of the extratropical cyclone in the following week. Furthermore, the multi-disasters struck the early warning system of the Aparados da Serra National Park and destroyed partially a marked trail used for ecotourism. Such multi-disasters took place during the COVID19 pandemic in Brazil [Simões e Silva et al., 2020], which might intensify the disasters effects, and created a more complex management of disasters in this region. At the federal level, the Brazilian National Early Warning and Monitoring Center of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN) did not warn about such extreme events because they do not cover these municipalities in the basin. At the state level, the Protection and Civil Defense warned insufficiently a vast area about the occurrences of the bomb and the extratropical cyclones. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the capacity of response of the Protection and Civil Defense of Santa Catarina state has been reduced. At the municipal level, the Praia Grande city hall warned about both cyclone events. The warnings had been updated as soon as they were getting additional information. Because of these occurrences, a team composed of Disaster Report
由于2020年7月两个气旋的经过，巴西南部的曼曼垂体巴河流域发生了多起灾害。第一个事件是7月1日发生的炸弹旋风，引发了暴风雨，破坏了屋顶，倒倒了无数树木。一周后，一个温带气旋于7月7日和8日形成，并造成极端降雨。由于极端降雨，盆地内出现了泥石流、泥石流、木屑泥石流和洪水。两个城市(Praia Grande和Mampituba)由于在第一周通过炸弹旋风而直接受到暴风的影响。接下来的一周，由于温带气旋的通过，城市也受到了洪水的影响。此外，多重灾害袭击了Aparados da Serra国家公园的预警系统，并部分摧毁了用于生态旅游的标记小径。巴西在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间发生了这种多重灾害[Simões e Silva et al.， 2020]，这可能会加剧灾害的影响，并使该地区的灾害管理更加复杂。在联邦一级，巴西国家自然灾害早期预警和监测中心(CEMADEN)没有对这种极端事件发出警告，因为它们不包括盆地中的这些城市。在州一级，保护和民防局对炸弹和温带气旋发生的广大地区发出的警告不够。由于2019冠状病毒病大流行，圣卡塔琳娜州保护和民防部门的应对能力有所下降。在市政层面，普拉亚格兰德市政厅对这两次飓风事件都发出了警告。一旦他们得到更多的信息，警告就会更新。由于这些事件，一个由灾难报告组成的小组
{"title":"Occurrence of Multi-Disasters in the Mampituba River Basin, Southern Brazil, During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. A. Paixão, C. W. Corseuil, M. Kobiyama, Itzayana González Ávila, Franciele Maria Vanelli, H. U. Oliveira, Sofia Melo Vasconcellos, Karla Campagnolo, Marina Refatti Fagundes","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.13.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.13.84","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the passing of two cyclones in July 2020, multi-disasters were registered in the Mampituba River basin, southern Brazil. The first event was a bomb cyclone that took place on July 1 and caused a storm wind that damaged rooftops and felled countless trees. One week later, an extratropical cyclone took place on July 7 and 8, and caused extreme rainfall. Because of the extreme rainfall, debris flow, debris flood, woody debris flow, and floods were registered in the basin. Two municipalities (Praia Grande and Mampituba) were directly affected by the storm winds due to the passing of the bomb cyclone at the first week. Then, the municipalities were also affected by the floods due to the passing of the extratropical cyclone in the following week. Furthermore, the multi-disasters struck the early warning system of the Aparados da Serra National Park and destroyed partially a marked trail used for ecotourism. Such multi-disasters took place during the COVID19 pandemic in Brazil [Simões e Silva et al., 2020], which might intensify the disasters effects, and created a more complex management of disasters in this region. At the federal level, the Brazilian National Early Warning and Monitoring Center of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN) did not warn about such extreme events because they do not cover these municipalities in the basin. At the state level, the Protection and Civil Defense warned insufficiently a vast area about the occurrences of the bomb and the extratropical cyclones. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the capacity of response of the Protection and Civil Defense of Santa Catarina state has been reduced. At the municipal level, the Praia Grande city hall warned about both cyclone events. The warnings had been updated as soon as they were getting additional information. Because of these occurrences, a team composed of Disaster Report","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124420642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Jitousono, Mari Igura, H. Ue, Hiroyuki Ohishi, Tsuyoshi Kakimoto, Kenji Kitou, Syozo Koga, Y. Sakai, T. Sakashima, Yoshinori Shinohara, O. Shimizu, Satoshi Tagata, Y. Teramoto, Eiji Torita, Naomasa Nagatani, Koji Nakano, Ayato Nishiwaki, Y. Hirakawa, Kozaburo Fukuzuka, H. Mizuno
In the early hours of July 4, 2020, southern Kumamoto and northern Kagoshima Prefectures experienced record-breaking heavy rainfall that led to a rainfall emergency warning and resulted in extensive floods and sediment disasters. In Kumamoto Prefecture, in particular, 226 sediment disasters occurred and 12 people died. In this paper, we report the results of surveys on sediment disasters in Ashikita Town and Tsunagi Town, Kumamoto Prefecture, which caused severe human casualties, and in the Kawauchi River basin on the right branch of the Kuma River, where a large amount of sediment was discharged [Jitousono et al ., 2020].
2020年7月4日凌晨，熊本县南部和鹿儿岛县北部经历了创纪录的强降雨，引发了降雨紧急预警，并导致了大面积的洪水和沉积物灾害。特别是熊本县，发生了226起泥沙灾害，造成12人死亡。本文报道了造成严重人员伤亡的熊本县ashhikita镇和Tsunagi镇以及大量排沙的熊马河右支川内河流域的泥沙灾害调查结果[Jitousono et al .， 2020]。
{"title":"The July 2020 Rainfall-Induced Sediment Disasters in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan","authors":"T. Jitousono, Mari Igura, H. Ue, Hiroyuki Ohishi, Tsuyoshi Kakimoto, Kenji Kitou, Syozo Koga, Y. Sakai, T. Sakashima, Yoshinori Shinohara, O. Shimizu, Satoshi Tagata, Y. Teramoto, Eiji Torita, Naomasa Nagatani, Koji Nakano, Ayato Nishiwaki, Y. Hirakawa, Kozaburo Fukuzuka, H. Mizuno","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.13.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.13.93","url":null,"abstract":"In the early hours of July 4, 2020, southern Kumamoto and northern Kagoshima Prefectures experienced record-breaking heavy rainfall that led to a rainfall emergency warning and resulted in extensive floods and sediment disasters. In Kumamoto Prefecture, in particular, 226 sediment disasters occurred and 12 people died. In this paper, we report the results of surveys on sediment disasters in Ashikita Town and Tsunagi Town, Kumamoto Prefecture, which caused severe human casualties, and in the Kawauchi River basin on the right branch of the Kuma River, where a large amount of sediment was discharged [Jitousono et al ., 2020].","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131919028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ritonga, T. Gomi, S. Tarigan, R. Kaswanto, H. S. Kharismalatri, Rozaqqa Noviandi, Yohei Arata, Y. Ishikawa
More than 6000 landslides over 400 km 2 were triggered by the Eastern Iburi Earthquake that occurred on September 6, 2018, in Iburi Sub-prefecture, Hokkaido. A large amount of sediment was transported downstream in gentle and hilly landscapes (< 500 m in elevation) by the landslides. The landslides occurred within two major land cover types : forested areas (FA) and logged areas (LA). Here, the characteristics of landslides within these different land cover types were evaluated based on GIS analysis and field investigation. A total of 1440 landslide scars were identified in an area of 18.9 km 2 consisting of 87% FA and 13% LA. The ranges of the slope gradient within the two land cover types were identical, from 30 to 40 ° . The mean landslide area in LA at 2306 m 2 (standard deviation [SD] : 1675 m 2 ) tended to be greater than that in FA (mean : 1762 m 2 ; SD : 1749 m 2 ). Based on the field investigation, the mean depth of landslides in FA (1.5 m) and LA (1.4 m) were similar, while the mean estimated volume of the landslides was 3610 m 3 in FA and 6359 m 3 in LA. The mean runout distance of landslides in LA was longer at 231 m (SD : 168 m) compared to that in FA at 146 m (SD : 140 m). The short runout distance in FA was possibly associated with a reduction in sediment momentum through the presence of wood pieces in FA. The findings of our study suggest that vegetation cover and the resultant differences in landslide size and runout distance are important factors for evaluating potential earthquake-related disasters, and future planning in forest management.
2018年9月6日发生在北海道伊武里县的东伊武里地震引发了超过400公里的6000多起滑坡。在海拔< 500 m的平缓丘陵地带，山体滑坡向下游输送了大量泥沙。滑坡发生在两种主要的土地覆盖类型:森林地区(FA)和伐木地区(LA)。在GIS分析和实地调查的基础上，对不同土地覆盖类型的滑坡特征进行了评价。在18.9 km2范围内共发现滑坡疤痕1440处，其中FA占87%，LA占13%。两种土地覆盖类型的坡度变化幅度相同，均为30 ~ 40°。LA的平均滑坡面积为2306 m2(标准差[SD]: 1675 m2)，有大于FA的趋势(平均值:1762 m2;SD: 1749 m2)。根据现场调查，FA区滑坡的平均深度为1.5 m, LA区滑坡的平均深度为1.4 m，而FA区滑坡的平均估计体积为3610 m 3, LA区滑坡的平均估计体积为6359 m 3。LA滑坡的平均跳动距离为231 m (SD: 168 m)，而FA滑坡的平均跳动距离为146 m (SD: 140 m)。FA滑坡的短跳动距离可能与FA中木块的存在减少了泥沙动量有关。研究结果表明，植被覆盖和由此产生的滑坡规模和跳动距离差异是评估潜在地震相关灾害和未来森林管理规划的重要因素。
{"title":"Land Cover and Characteristics of Landslides Induced by the 2018 Mw 6.7 Eastern Iburi Earthquake, Hokkaido","authors":"R. Ritonga, T. Gomi, S. Tarigan, R. Kaswanto, H. S. Kharismalatri, Rozaqqa Noviandi, Yohei Arata, Y. Ishikawa","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.13.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.13.76","url":null,"abstract":"More than 6000 landslides over 400 km 2 were triggered by the Eastern Iburi Earthquake that occurred on September 6, 2018, in Iburi Sub-prefecture, Hokkaido. A large amount of sediment was transported downstream in gentle and hilly landscapes (< 500 m in elevation) by the landslides. The landslides occurred within two major land cover types : forested areas (FA) and logged areas (LA). Here, the characteristics of landslides within these different land cover types were evaluated based on GIS analysis and field investigation. A total of 1440 landslide scars were identified in an area of 18.9 km 2 consisting of 87% FA and 13% LA. The ranges of the slope gradient within the two land cover types were identical, from 30 to 40 ° . The mean landslide area in LA at 2306 m 2 (standard deviation [SD] : 1675 m 2 ) tended to be greater than that in FA (mean : 1762 m 2 ; SD : 1749 m 2 ). Based on the field investigation, the mean depth of landslides in FA (1.5 m) and LA (1.4 m) were similar, while the mean estimated volume of the landslides was 3610 m 3 in FA and 6359 m 3 in LA. The mean runout distance of landslides in LA was longer at 231 m (SD : 168 m) compared to that in FA at 146 m (SD : 140 m). The short runout distance in FA was possibly associated with a reduction in sediment momentum through the presence of wood pieces in FA. The findings of our study suggest that vegetation cover and the resultant differences in landslide size and runout distance are important factors for evaluating potential earthquake-related disasters, and future planning in forest management.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127828324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Typical countermeasures against subsequent sediment flow following debris deposition include channel works and sand pockets ; however, these measures require extensive open areas. Therefore, alternative countermeasure designs must be considered for residential areas with high population density. The objective of this study was to propose a novel method for capturing subsequent sediment flow following debris deposition at a sabo dam. We installed three types of debris capture devices (subsequent sediment flow breaker, water-absorbing polymer, and sub-dam) to investigate their effects singly and in combination. Subsequent sediment flow characteristics were evaluated in flume experiments using models of the three capture devices. Simulated debris flow was trapped by the sabo dam model, and subsequent sediment flow was controlled by the three countermeasures installed downstream of the dam. Sediment was separated from water using the subsequent sediment flow breaker and then trapped by the sub-dam, and water was absorbed by the polymer. We measured 1) the volume of sediment collected by the breaker, 2) time elapsed from the sabo dam to the end of the flume, 3) peak discharge, and 4) concentration of the subsequent sediment flow. Sediment volume decreased and elapsed time increased as the sediment flowed through the experimental countermeasure structures, leading to dramatic reductions in peak discharge and sediment concentration downstream of the sabo dam.
{"title":"Experimental Study of Sabo Dam Physical Measures Against Subsequent Sediment Flow Following Debris Flow Deposition","authors":"Yongrae Kim, Takashi Yamada","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.13.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.13.56","url":null,"abstract":"Typical countermeasures against subsequent sediment flow following debris deposition include channel works and sand pockets ; however, these measures require extensive open areas. Therefore, alternative countermeasure designs must be considered for residential areas with high population density. The objective of this study was to propose a novel method for capturing subsequent sediment flow following debris deposition at a sabo dam. We installed three types of debris capture devices (subsequent sediment flow breaker, water-absorbing polymer, and sub-dam) to investigate their effects singly and in combination. Subsequent sediment flow characteristics were evaluated in flume experiments using models of the three capture devices. Simulated debris flow was trapped by the sabo dam model, and subsequent sediment flow was controlled by the three countermeasures installed downstream of the dam. Sediment was separated from water using the subsequent sediment flow breaker and then trapped by the sub-dam, and water was absorbed by the polymer. We measured 1) the volume of sediment collected by the breaker, 2) time elapsed from the sabo dam to the end of the flume, 3) peak discharge, and 4) concentration of the subsequent sediment flow. Sediment volume decreased and elapsed time increased as the sediment flowed through the experimental countermeasure structures, leading to dramatic reductions in peak discharge and sediment concentration downstream of the sabo dam.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122240378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kokuryo Hiroshi, T. Horiguchi, N. Ishikawa, Hori Kengo, Y. Sonoda
A new plane grid-type dam has been recently developed to entrap debris flows including driftwoods. A new plane grid-type dam supported by sleeve pipes is proposed by connecting with concrete buttresses. The advantages of this dam are rapid construction, low maintenance costs and enhanced stability. However, the load-carrying capacity of this dam has not been clarified yet so far. To this end, the load-carrying capacity of a steel pipe beam supported by sleeve pipes is first investigated experimentally. Second, the FEM analysis is performed to estimate the load performance which was not measured by the test. Finally, a new design expression is proposed to evaluate the load-carrying capacity of a steel pipe beam mounted in sleeve pipes.
{"title":"A Study of the Load Performance of a Steel Pipe Beam Supported by Sleeve Pipes","authors":"Kokuryo Hiroshi, T. Horiguchi, N. Ishikawa, Hori Kengo, Y. Sonoda","doi":"10.13101/IJECE.13.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/IJECE.13.64","url":null,"abstract":"A new plane grid-type dam has been recently developed to entrap debris flows including driftwoods. A new plane grid-type dam supported by sleeve pipes is proposed by connecting with concrete buttresses. The advantages of this dam are rapid construction, low maintenance costs and enhanced stability. However, the load-carrying capacity of this dam has not been clarified yet so far. To this end, the load-carrying capacity of a steel pipe beam supported by sleeve pipes is first investigated experimentally. Second, the FEM analysis is performed to estimate the load performance which was not measured by the test. Finally, a new design expression is proposed to evaluate the load-carrying capacity of a steel pipe beam mounted in sleeve pipes.","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115840714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Irasawa, Takashi Koi, C. Tsou, Nobuaki Kato, Shinjiro Matsuo, Mizuho Arai, Masahiro Kaibori, Takashi Yamada, M. Kasai, T. Wakahara, D. Higaki, H. Ikeda, Y. Ishikawa, K. Arai, Shinjiro Hirose, Tatsuya Sato, H. Kawabata, Manabu Koubu, S. Niwa, Kazuhiro Sugawara, H. Matsusaka, N. Tada, Toshiyuki Kon
The large Typhoon No. 19 (Typhoon Hagibis) hit the Izu Peninsula with great force on October 12, 2019, causing record heavy rainfall over a wide area, mainly in eastern Japan. Heavy rainfall warnings were announced in Tokyo and 12 prefectures ; there were numerous slope collapses and debris flows and the largest number of typhoon-related landslides since the beginning of recording the statistics in 1982. The typhoon caused 952 sediment disasters (as of December 24, 2019), with 16 people dead and 1 person missing. Rainfall was concentrated in Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefectures in the Tohoku Disaster Report
{"title":"October 2019 Sediment Disaster in the Tohoku Region owing to Typhoon No. 19 (Tyhpoon Hagibis)","authors":"M. Irasawa, Takashi Koi, C. Tsou, Nobuaki Kato, Shinjiro Matsuo, Mizuho Arai, Masahiro Kaibori, Takashi Yamada, M. Kasai, T. Wakahara, D. Higaki, H. Ikeda, Y. Ishikawa, K. Arai, Shinjiro Hirose, Tatsuya Sato, H. Kawabata, Manabu Koubu, S. Niwa, Kazuhiro Sugawara, H. Matsusaka, N. Tada, Toshiyuki Kon","doi":"10.13101/ijece.13.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/ijece.13.48","url":null,"abstract":"The large Typhoon No. 19 (Typhoon Hagibis) hit the Izu Peninsula with great force on October 12, 2019, causing record heavy rainfall over a wide area, mainly in eastern Japan. Heavy rainfall warnings were announced in Tokyo and 12 prefectures ; there were numerous slope collapses and debris flows and the largest number of typhoon-related landslides since the beginning of recording the statistics in 1982. The typhoon caused 952 sediment disasters (as of December 24, 2019), with 16 people dead and 1 person missing. Rainfall was concentrated in Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefectures in the Tohoku Disaster Report","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131243741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro Batista, Wolnei Wolff Barreiros, F. Arruda, Daniel Masiero, Y. Shimoda
1.1 Vulnerability of Brazilian settlements and federal government actions The vulnerability of major Brazilian cities and its urban enterprises to landslides has a relationship with the country’s historic inability to provide decent and adequate housing for the population, and to support a land planning policy which enforces public interest over land owners’ private interests [Carvalho and Galvão , 2013]. Still, as stated by Carvalho and Galvão [2003], the disasters observed in Brazil are associated with natural and anthropogenic causes. Annually dozens of people are killed and thousands are affected due to disasters [Dourado et al ., 2012]. The growth of natural disasters occurrence and the population increase are directly related and the number of disasters has risen in recent decades [Marcelino et al ., 2006]. According to Macedo and Martins [2015], the frequency of landslides and victims (deaths) by gravitational mass movements varies widely through the country. To face these situations, in 2007, the Brazilian Federal Government created the “Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento” (Growth Acceleration Program, better known as “PAC ”) to mitigate and reduce structural problems in the country. Since 2003, with the foundation of Ministry of Cities, it has been carried out structural and non-structural interventions (measures) for risk and disaster prevention, with the main focus on risk reduction in urban slum areas. However, the support actions for build up plans, engineering projects and the execution of slopes retaining walls works effectively started in 2010 with PAC . The first actions were the construction of a methodology for the preparation of the Municipal Plan for Risk Reduction (PMRR ), which covers the social Technical Note
巴西主要城市及其城市企业对山体滑坡的脆弱性与该国历史上无法为人口提供体面和足够的住房，以及无法支持将公共利益置于土地所有者私人利益之上的土地规划政策有关[Carvalho和galv， 2013]。然而，正如Carvalho和galv[2003]所述，在巴西观测到的灾害与自然和人为原因有关。灾害每年造成数十人死亡，数千人受灾[Dourado et al .， 2012]。自然灾害发生的增长与人口增长直接相关，近几十年来灾害数量有所增加[Marcelino et al .， 2006]。根据Macedo和Martins[2015]的研究，山体滑坡和重力质量运动造成的受害者(死亡)的频率在全国各地差别很大。为了应对这些情况，巴西联邦政府于2007年制定了“加速增长计划”(简称“PAC”)，以缓解和减少该国的结构性问题。自2003年以来，随着城市部的成立，开展了风险和灾害预防的结构性和非结构性干预(措施)，主要侧重于减少城市贫民窟地区的风险。然而，建筑计划、工程项目和斜坡挡土墙工程的支援行动，已于2010年开始有效展开。第一项行动是为编制《市政减少风险计划》(PMRR)制定一种方法，其中包括社会技术说明
{"title":"Solution Analysis for Structural Intervention: Slopes Retaining Cases Studies in Brazilian Cities","authors":"Pedro Batista, Wolnei Wolff Barreiros, F. Arruda, Daniel Masiero, Y. Shimoda","doi":"10.13101/ijece.13.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13101/ijece.13.2","url":null,"abstract":"1.1 Vulnerability of Brazilian settlements and federal government actions The vulnerability of major Brazilian cities and its urban enterprises to landslides has a relationship with the country’s historic inability to provide decent and adequate housing for the population, and to support a land planning policy which enforces public interest over land owners’ private interests [Carvalho and Galvão , 2013]. Still, as stated by Carvalho and Galvão [2003], the disasters observed in Brazil are associated with natural and anthropogenic causes. Annually dozens of people are killed and thousands are affected due to disasters [Dourado et al ., 2012]. The growth of natural disasters occurrence and the population increase are directly related and the number of disasters has risen in recent decades [Marcelino et al ., 2006]. According to Macedo and Martins [2015], the frequency of landslides and victims (deaths) by gravitational mass movements varies widely through the country. To face these situations, in 2007, the Brazilian Federal Government created the “Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento” (Growth Acceleration Program, better known as “PAC ”) to mitigate and reduce structural problems in the country. Since 2003, with the foundation of Ministry of Cities, it has been carried out structural and non-structural interventions (measures) for risk and disaster prevention, with the main focus on risk reduction in urban slum areas. However, the support actions for build up plans, engineering projects and the execution of slopes retaining walls works effectively started in 2010 with PAC . The first actions were the construction of a methodology for the preparation of the Municipal Plan for Risk Reduction (PMRR ), which covers the social Technical Note","PeriodicalId":378771,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123739830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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