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It’s not only the sea: a history of human intervention in the beach-dune ecosystem of Costa da Caparica (Portugal) 不仅仅是海洋:葡萄牙卡帕里卡海岸(Costa da Caparica)海滩-沙丘生态系统的人类干预史
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n432
Monique Palma, J. A. Alveirinho Dias, J. Freitas
Costa da Caparica, located south of Lisbon, has been since the 1960s the favourite beach of the population of the Portuguese capital. The bridge over the Tagus river (1966), connecting the two margins, has facilitated the access to that wide beach of sand and dunes. Due to its natural features and proximity to Lisbon, Caparica become a highly populated area, where different social and economic activities compete for the use of the available space, increasing pressure upon the local ecosystems. The situation is even more problematic, because that littoral has been deeply affected by coastal erosion from the 1950s onwards. Authorities have been dealing with the issue using groynes and artificial beach nourishments. Since 2015, the Municipality of Almada is investing in the rehabilitation of the dunes of the beach of S. João, placing fences to retain the sand and planting vegetation. This programme is particularly interesting from a coastal management history point of view, because these dunes have been the object of many interventions with different purposes, but what was done and why is not very well known. The aim of this article is therefore to present the results of a historical research about human intervention in Costa da Caparica and, particularly at S. João beach, starting in the 19th century, with the first dunes’ survey, the afforestation experiences and the construction of a drainage system. This paper offers a long-term perspective on the socio-evolution of these hybrid environments. Results and discussion show how dunes were trimmed by the works carried out and the reasons that laid beneath these. Revealing the ideas and values, the social, economic and political pressures, that across the years and within the same time period, shaped management strategies and landscapes. Keywords: Environmental History; Dunes Rehabilitation; Afforestation; Wetlands; Coastal Erosion.
卡帕里卡海岸位于里斯本南部,自20世纪60年代以来一直是葡萄牙首都居民最喜欢的海滩。塔霍河上的桥梁(1966年)连接了两个边缘地带,方便了人们进入那片广阔的沙滩和沙丘。由于其自然特征和邻近里斯本,卡帕里卡成为一个人口密集的地区,不同的社会和经济活动争夺可用空间的使用,增加了对当地生态系统的压力。这种情况甚至更有问题,因为自1950年代以来,沿海地区一直受到海岸侵蚀的严重影响。有关部门一直在使用湿地和人工海滩营养物来处理这个问题。自2015年以来,阿尔马达市政府一直在投资修复S. jo o海滩的沙丘,设置围栏以保留沙子并种植植被。从海岸管理历史的角度来看,这个项目特别有趣,因为这些沙丘已经成为许多不同目的的干预对象,但做了什么以及为什么不为人所知。因此,本文的目的是介绍一项关于人类干预哥斯达黎加卡帕里卡的历史研究结果,特别是在19世纪开始的S. jo o海滩,包括第一次沙丘调查,造林经验和排水系统的建设。本文对这些混合环境的社会进化提供了一个长期的视角。结果和讨论显示了沙丘是如何被所进行的工程修剪的,以及这些工程背后的原因。揭示思想和价值观,社会,经济和政治压力,这些都是多年来在同一时期内形成的管理战略和格局。关键词:环境史;沙丘康复;植树造林;湿地;海岸侵蚀。
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引用次数: 2
Morphological, hydrodynamic and sedimentary characteristics of the Northeastern coast of Cuba 古巴东北海岸的形态、水动力和沉积特征
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n102
R. R. Paneque
The absence of the marine platform, the presence of emerged and submerged terraces with tide notches on its front face and the increase in the number of beaches constituted by terrigenous sands towards the east end of this coastal stretch are the main geomorphological features that characterize the northeastern coast of Cuba. The lower rocky terrace is the best represented type of coastline on the Northeastern coast, exposed to the direct action of ocean waves. Considering the inland coast, mangroves are the most abundant type of coast and occupy most of the bays on this coastal stretch. From the hydrodynamic point of view, the highest wave heights of the north coast of Cuba take place there. In addition, the biggest tidal range of the Cuban archipelago is recorded. From the sedimentary point of view, these beaches have a greater amount of fragments of mollusks and corals and fewer fragments of calcareous algae than the other beaches of the Cuban archipelago. These beaches, unlike the other beaches of Cuba, show cumulative processes at the end of winter and early spring, with a maximum accumulation in April, while eroding at the beginning of autumn, with maximum values in the months of September and October. Keywords: Coastal characteristic, beach, genesis sand, Northeastern coast of Cuba.
没有海洋台地,出现了在其正面有潮痕的浮出和淹没的阶地,以及在这一沿海地带东端由陆源砂构成的海滩数量的增加,是古巴东北海岸的主要地貌特征。较低的岩石阶地是东北海岸最具代表性的海岸线类型,暴露在海浪的直接作用下。考虑到内陆海岸,红树林是最丰富的海岸类型,占据了这片海岸上的大部分海湾。从流体力学的角度来看,古巴北部海岸的最高波浪高度发生在那里。此外,古巴群岛还记录了最大的潮汐差。从沉积的角度来看,这些海滩比古巴群岛的其他海滩有更多的软体动物和珊瑚碎片和更少的钙质藻类碎片。与古巴其他海滩不同,这些海滩在冬末和早春表现出累积过程,在4月积累最多,而在秋初侵蚀,在9月和10月最大。关键词:海岸特征,海滩,成因砂,古巴东北海岸
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引用次数: 0
Coastal management: Ecosystems and habitats 海岸管理:生态系统和生境
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n487
F. T. Pinto, P. R. Santos, T. Ferradosa
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引用次数: 0
Reducing sea cliffs hazards in pocket beaches through beach nourishment on the Barlavento Coast (Algarve, Portugal) 通过巴拉文托海岸的海滩营养减少口袋海滩的海崖危险(葡萄牙阿尔加维)
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n378
Sebastião Braz Teixeira
Tourism based on “sun and beach” is the main economic activity in the Algarve region. A considerable part of the beaches of the Barlavento coast corresponds to embedded sand accumulated along the irregular lacework-like coastline of rocky cliffs cut into Miocene calcarenites. The pattern of touristic occupation in the Algarve and the geodynamics of the rocky sea cliffs, characterized by discontinuous and intermittent occurrence of slope mass movements, result in a high level of risk to beach users along pocket beaches. In order to mitigate the risk associated with the cliff geodynamics, artificial beach nourishment was performed in Castelo and Coelha pocket beaches on the Barlavento Coast, in 2014, increasing the beach area by 3.5 times. The effects of the beach nourishment on the occupation patterns of those beaches along the 2006-2016 decade, before and after the beach nourishment, are herein presented and discussed. Occupancy data were obtained covering different seasons along the year, by counting the number of beach users, regardless of age, using periodic and systematic photographs taken at strategic points that provide full coverage of the beach areas. Before the beach nourishments the area of dry sand outside high and moderate hazard zones, measured at half-tide under average summer wave conditions was 500 m2 at Coelha beach and 800 m2 at Castelo beach. After beach nourishment the same area increased to 6700 m2 at Coelha beach and 7100 m2 at Castelo beach. Results show that, following the beach fill, beach occupation by recreational users naturally shifted seaward, moving out from the cliff hazard areas. After the intervention, the occupation of high and moderate hazard areas reduced significantly, from 37 % to 11 % in Castelo beach and from 59 % to 27 % in Coelha beach. Keywords: beach nourishment; hazard; rocky cliffs; Algarve; Portugal.
以“阳光和海滩”为基础的旅游业是阿尔加维地区的主要经济活动。巴拉文托海岸相当大一部分的海滩对应于沿岩石悬崖切割成中新世钙砾岩的不规则花边状海岸线堆积的嵌入砂。阿尔加维的旅游职业模式和岩石海崖的地球动力学以斜坡体运动的不连续和间歇发生为特征,导致沿口袋海滩的海滩使用者面临很高的风险。为了减轻与悬崖地球动力学相关的风险,2014年在Barlavento海岸的Castelo和Coelha口袋海滩进行了人工海滩营养,将海滩面积增加了3.5倍。本文介绍和讨论了2006-2016年间,在海滩营养前后,海滩营养对这些海滩的占用模式的影响。利用定期和系统地在策略性地点拍摄的照片,获得全年不同季节的入住率数据,方法是统计泳滩使用者的数目,不论年龄大小。这些照片可全面覆盖泳滩地区。在海滩营养之前,在夏季平均海浪条件下,半潮时测量的高、中度危险区以外的干沙面积在Coelha海滩为500平方米,在Castelo海滩为800平方米。在海滩营养后,Coelha海滩的相同面积增加到6700平方米,Castelo海滩增加到7100平方米。结果表明,在填海之后,休闲使用者的海滩占用自然向海方向移动,从悬崖危险区向外移动。干预后,高、中度危险区的占用率显著降低,Castelo海滩从37%降至11%,Coelha海滩从59%降至27%。关键词:滩涂营养;风险;岩石的悬崖;阿尔加维;葡萄牙。
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引用次数: 0
Community Perception of the Value of the Ecosystems of the Bons Sinais Estuary, Mozambique, Southern Africa 社区对南部非洲莫桑比克Bons Sinais河口生态系统价值的认知
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n435
A. M. Hoguane, Rodrigues Pita Francisco, Rosa Lourenço Simbine, Humberto Silvestre Mabota
Understanding the community’s perceptions of, and beliefs about, the value of ecosystems and natural resources is important for designing effective environmental education and awareness campaigns and for the adoption of sustainable natural resources management. The present paper examines the perceptions of the natural resource users in the Bons Sinais Estuary and gauges their willingness to contribute to mangrove ecosystem restoration and management. 169 natural resource users, including fishermen, farmers, and forest produce users, from five villages along the Estuary (Marrubune, Gazelas, Icidua, Chuabo Dembe and Inhangome), were interviewed. The interviewees assigned high value to the estuary as a source of fish, as agricultural land and as productive forest. They considered the estuary important for provision of clean water and air and for its potential for tourism development. There were strong similarities, across the region, with regard to the value of the estuary ecosystem (0.6 Keywords: Ecosystem services, natural resource management, livelihood activities, mangrove restoration, co-management.
了解社区对生态系统和自然资源价值的看法和信念,对于设计有效的环境教育和宣传活动以及采用可持续的自然资源管理非常重要。本文考察了bonssinais河口自然资源使用者的观念,并衡量了他们为红树林生态系统恢复和管理做出贡献的意愿。采访了来自河口沿岸5个村庄(Marrubune、Gazelas、Icidua、Chuabo Dembe和Inhangome)的169名自然资源使用者,包括渔民、农民和林产品使用者。受访者对河口作为鱼类来源、农业用地和生产性森林给予了很高的评价。他们认为河口对于提供清洁的水和空气以及发展旅游业的潜力具有重要意义。关键词:生态系统服务,自然资源管理,生计活动,红树林恢复,共同管理。
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引用次数: 1
Determinação da vulnerabilidade costeira em praias arenosas ao sul de Alagoas – Brasil: Subsídio para delimitação de áreas de proteção em zonas costeiras 巴西阿拉格斯南部沙滩海岸脆弱性的确定:划定沿海地区保护区的补贴
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n388
Henrique Ravi Rocha de Carvalho Almeida, Djane Fonseca da Silva, Ramon Salgueiro Cruz, A. C. F. Tavares
É urgente a necessidade de se ampliar o conhecimento sobre o meio físico a fim de se estabelecer diretrizes racionais para utilização de áreas costeiras, visto as previsões de elevação do nível do mar inferidas pelo Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) até o ano de 2100. A presente pesquisa objetivou determinar o nível de vulnerabilidade ambiental do litoral norte do município de Barra de São Miguel/AL, face à elevação do Nível Relativo do Mar, bem como sugerir Limites Terrestres Não Edificantes (LTNE), para a proteção da paisagem e amortecimento da energia das ondas. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram em inferir a retrogradação costeira através da Regra de Brunn; estabelecer o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Costeira (IVC) através da análise de variáveis ambientais; e delimitar o LTNE considerando diretrizes protetivas. Com relação aos resultados obtidos, a retrogradação, mesmo em um cenário otimista e apesar de apresentar alto nível de conservação ambiental, apresentou recuo de 9,12 m. O LTNE demonstrou que o limite prévio de 200 m pode ser adotado futuramente como um valor referência para absorver os impactos futuros gerados pela elevação marinha. Quanto ao IVC, a região foi classificada como altamente vulnerável a ação dos processos erosivos, seja pela remoção dos sedimentos, seja pela retrogradação da costa. Desta forma, foi possível concluir que os resultados obtidos são importantes para compreensão do ambiente costeiro do município de Barra de São Miguel/AL, podendo ser utilizado como fonte norteadora no monitoramento e gerenciamento de regiões costeiras de Alagoas. Palavras-chave: Vulnerabilidade costeira; Gerenciamento costeiro; Erosão Costeira.
鉴于政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)预测到2100年海平面上升,迫切需要增加关于物理环境的知识,以便为沿海地区的使用建立合理的指导方针。摘要本研究旨在确定Barra de sao Miguel/AL市北海岸相对海平面上升的环境脆弱性水平,并提出非建筑陆地边界(LTNE),以保护景观和缓冲波浪能。方法程序包括通过Brunn规则推断海岸退化;通过环境变量分析建立海岸脆弱性指数(cvi);并根据保护指南划定LTNE。与获得的结果相比,退化,即使在乐观的情况下,尽管呈现出高水平的环境保护,呈现出9.12 m的退化。LTNE表明,未来可以采用200米的预限作为参考值,以吸收未来海平面上升的影响。至于cvi,该地区被列为高度易受侵蚀过程的影响,无论是沉积物的清除还是海岸的退化。因此,可以得出结论,所获得的结果对了解Barra de sao Miguel/AL市的沿海环境具有重要意义,并可作为监测和管理Alagoas沿海地区的指导来源。关键词:沿海脆弱性;沿海管理;海岸侵蚀。
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引用次数: 0
Vulnerabilidade costeira a derrames de óleo e à inundação de uma ilha fluvio-estuarina amazônica – Ilha de Mosqueiro (Belém-Pará-Brasil) 亚马逊河河口岛屿-莫斯卡罗岛(belem, para,巴西)对石油泄漏和洪水的沿海脆弱性
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n381
Yago Yguara Parente, Amílcar Carvalho Mendes, Artur Gustavo Oliveira de Miranda, Karina da Silva Lopes
O Índice de Vulnerabilidade Costeira (IVC) consiste em um método que foi projetado para sinalizar segmentos costeiros de alta vulnerabilidade, no qual são combinados diversos fatores de risco individuais para compor um único índice. Desse modo, representa uma ferramenta para a geração de informações de grande significância para o planejamento e o gerenciamento costeiro integrado. O objetivo desse trabalho foi apresentar o diagnóstico da vulnerabilidade costeira aos incidentes que envolvam derrame de derivados de hidrocarbonetos e, também, o prognóstico da vulnerabilidade costeira à inundação da Ilha de Mosqueiro (Belém-Pará-Brasil), em escala de 1:25.000. Foram utilizados dois tipos de IVC: o primeiro, por ser amplamente difundido, foi denominado de IVC-Padrão, que levou em consideração as seguintes variáveis: geomorfologia, variação da linha de costa, declividade, cenários de elevação do nível médio do mar, altura significativa de ondas e amplitude de maré; o segundo, IVC ao Derrame de Derivados de Petróleo (IVC-DDP), é uma metodologia inédita que integra o Índice de Sensibilidade do Litoral (ISL), a variação da linha de costa, a infraestrutura urbana e a vegetação. A partir da análise dos resultados foi constatado que o mapeamento do IVC-Padrão apresentou apenas duas classes de vulnerabilidade (baixa e média), sendo que, para a escala proposta, não houve variação significativa da linha de costa da área estudada. Por outro lado, o IVC-DDP permitiu a definição de quatro classes, onde as classes mais frágeis se concentraram no setor noroeste da Ilha, devido à mancha urbana encontrar-se nesta região. Assim, a Ilha de Mosqueiro apresenta pequeno grau de vulnerabilidade associado à inundação, entretanto alto grau, em relação ao derramamento de óleo. Palavras-chave: Gestão costeira, sensibilidade litorânea, mudanças climáticas, inundação.
海岸脆弱性指数(cvi)是一种将几个个体风险因素组合成一个单一指数的方法,旨在标记高脆弱性的海岸段。因此,它是产生对规划和综合海岸管理具有重大意义的信息的工具。本研究的目的是对涉及碳氢化合物衍生物泄漏事件的海岸脆弱性进行诊断,并对Mosqueiro岛(belem - para - brazil)的海岸洪水脆弱性进行预测,比例为1:25 000。使用了两种类型的cvi:第一种,因为它是广泛分布的,被称为标准cvi,它考虑了以下变量:地貌、海岸线变化、坡度、平均海平面上升情景、显著浪高和潮幅;第二种,因为它被称为标准cvi,考虑了以下变量:地貌、海岸线变化、坡度、平均海平面上升情景、显著浪高和潮幅第二种方法是石油产品泄漏的IVC (IVC-DDP),它是一种集成了海岸敏感性指数(ISL)、海岸线变化、城市基础设施和植被的新方法。通过对结果的分析,我们发现标准的IVC映射只显示了两类脆弱性(低和中),并且对于所提出的尺度,研究区域的海岸线没有显著变化。另一方面,IVC-DDP允许定义四个阶级,其中最脆弱的阶级集中在岛屿的西北部,因为城市斑块位于这个地区。因此,蚊子岛对洪水的脆弱性很小,但对石油泄漏的脆弱性很高。关键词:海岸管理,海岸敏感性,气候变化,洪水。
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引用次数: 0
Construction of a sustainability indicators system for offshore oil and gas production units 海洋油气生产单位可持续发展指标体系构建
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n353
L. A. L. Gaudencio, Rui de Oliveira, W. F. Curi
Production units located in the Brazilian marine environment are responsible for the production of 95.7% of oil and 78.8% of natural gas of Brazil causing economic, environmental, and social impacts motivating us to construct a system of indicators as a tool aimed to improve the sustainable management practice of these production units. To date, one of the tools most used by the oil industry is the sustainability report, oriented by guidelines from international organizations. However, these reports have a corporate character being unable to help the sustainability management of production units’ activities. The indicators were selected based on a systemic approach, using current knowledge on sustainability indicators, together with the survey of aspects relevant to the operation and management of offshore oil and gas production units. This paper describes the proposed indicators and presents the hierarchical structure of the system, built on the economic, environmental, social, and operational dimensions. The application of the proposed system of indicators, based on multicriterial and multiple decision-making analyses, validates a complex decision process, providing improved sustainable management of offshore production units by identifying points for which the necessary measures and actions can be implemented. Keywords: offshore oil and gas production; sustainability indicators; multicriteria and multiple decision-making analyses.
位于巴西海洋环境的生产单位负责巴西95.7%的石油和78.8%的天然气的生产,造成经济,环境和社会影响,促使我们构建一个指标体系,作为旨在改善这些生产单位可持续管理实践的工具。迄今为止,石油行业最常用的工具之一是可持续发展报告,该报告以国际组织的指导方针为导向。然而,这些报告具有法人性质,无法帮助生产单位活动的可持续性管理。这些指标是根据系统的方法选择的,使用了目前关于可持续性指标的知识,并对海上油气生产单位的操作和管理有关方面进行了调查。本文描述了拟议的指标,并提出了建立在经济、环境、社会和运营维度上的系统的层次结构。基于多标准和多重决策分析的拟议指标系统的应用,验证了一个复杂的决策过程,通过确定可以实施必要措施和行动的要点,改善了海上生产单位的可持续管理。关键词:海上油气开采;可持续性指标;多标准和多决策分析。
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引用次数: 1
Obras de urbanização e os impactos ambientais sobre a macrofauna bentônica: estudo de caso em uma praia do litoral cearense 作品的城市化和环境影响的宏观bentônica:案例研究在巴西海岸海滩
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n348
Marcos Roberto dos Santos, R. C. Maia
As zonas costeiras sofrem constantemente com processos de degradações e perdas ambientais em decorrência das constantes intervenções antropogênicas das zonas de entremarés. Essas regiões possuem uma biota diversa e adaptada que contribuem significativamente para o aumento da biomassa animal. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi monitorar a macrofauna bentônica da faixa entremarés da Praia de Arpoeiras, Acaraú - CE, durante as obras de urbanização (Ago. 17 a Set. 18). Foram coletadas 30 amostras mensalmente, totalizando 420 amostras para análise da macrofauna. Para análise das classes texturais e do teor de matéria orgânica do sedimento foram coletadas três amostras por mês. Também foram avaliados o perfil topográfico da praia e aferidos dados abióticos. Foram identificados 3050 organismos, distribuídos nas Classes Bivalvia, Gastropoda e Scaphopoda. A praia de Arpoeiras apresentou oscilações no perfil topográfico durante o período estudado. Foram observadas diferenças significativas na riqueza, abundância, índices de diversidade e composição da macrofauna bentônica ao longo do período de amostragem. Os índices ecológicos demonstram que no início das obras (Ago. a Out. 17), a diversidade foi alta quando comparada com os meses seguintes (Shannon: 1,030; Simpson: 0,477; Equabilidade: 0,386). As análises também mostram que a riqueza e a abundância da macrofauna não apresentam correlações fortes com os fatores abióticos estudados, teor de matéria orgânica e classes texturais do sedimento, sugerindo que a obra foi o principal fator que interferiu na distribuição da macrofauna. Os dados aqui apresentados poderão servir de subsídios para elaboração de medidas mitigadoras para conservação da biodiversidade uma vez que representam o primeiro passo na avaliação dos impactos ambientais nessa zona costeira, e indicam que mais estudos são necessários para a implantação de novos empreendimentos na região. Palavras-chave: Bioindicador, Diversidade, Malacofauna, Perfil topográfico.
由于潮间带不断的人为干预,沿海地区不断遭受退化过程和环境损失。这些地区拥有多样化和适应性强的生物群,对动物生物量的增加做出了重大贡献。在这种情况下,本研究的目的是在城市化工作期间(8月17日至9月18日)监测阿卡拉乌塞省阿尔波埃拉斯海滩潮间带的底栖大型动物群。每月采集30个样本,共计420个样本用于大型动物分析。为了分析沉积物的结构类别和有机质含量,每月采集三个样本。还对海滩的地形剖面进行了评估,并测量了非生物数据。已鉴定3050种生物,分布于双足纲、腹足纲和散足纲。在研究期间,Arpoeiras海滩的地形剖面出现了振荡。在整个采样期间,观察到底栖大型动物的丰富度、丰度、多样性指数和组成存在显著差异。生态指数显示,在工程开始时(8月至10月17日),与接下来的几个月相比,多样性很高(Shannon:1.030;Simpson:0.477;Equality:0.386)。分析还表明,大型动物的丰富度和丰度与所研究的非生物因素、沉积物的有机质含量和质地类别没有很强的相关性,这表明这项工作是干扰大型动物分布的主要因素。这里提供的数据可以作为制定生物多样性保护缓解措施的补贴,因为它们是评估这一沿海地区环境影响的第一步,并表明需要进一步研究以在该地区实施新项目。关键词:生物指标,多样性,马六甲动物,地形剖面。
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引用次数: 0
Vulnerability and Sustainability: From the coast to the sea 脆弱性和可持续性:从海岸到海洋
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n484
F. Taveira-Pinto, P. Rosa-Santos, T. Fazeres-Ferradosa
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management
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