The aim of this paper is to investigate the nature of mental phenomena with special reference to Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mind. Wittgenstein’s main concern is not with the construction of any philosophical theory about these mental phenomena. He is concerned with the dissolution of puzzles that arise because of the linguistic misunderstandings about the nature of mental phenomena. Mental phenomena are generally very complex. The words that try to capture mental phenomena do not have clear grammar. Hence, statements describing mental phenomena mislead us. Therefore, linguistic misconceptions or misunderstandings are the main sources of any philosophical problem on the human mind.
{"title":"Rediscovering Wittgenstein’s Ideas on the Nature of Mental Phenomena","authors":"Rajakishore Nath, Mamata Manhari Panda","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4724598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4724598","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to investigate the nature of mental phenomena with special reference to Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mind. Wittgenstein’s main concern is not with the construction of any philosophical theory about these mental phenomena. He is concerned with the dissolution of puzzles that arise because of the linguistic misunderstandings about the nature of mental phenomena. Mental phenomena are generally very complex. The words that try to capture mental phenomena do not have clear grammar. Hence, statements describing mental phenomena mislead us. Therefore, linguistic misconceptions or misunderstandings are the main sources of any philosophical problem on the human mind.","PeriodicalId":37926,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Readings","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47730181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper aims at estimating the impact of competencies on wages for a sample of 842 laureates of Hassan the First University of Settat inserted in the labor market. The data come from the "insertion" surveys conducted annually since 2011 in partnership with the National Evaluation Authority attached to the Higher Council for Education, Training and Scientific Research (Morocco). The originality of this work consists in applying, in a first step, a multiple correspondence analysis on 19 competencies. 11 factors generated, accounting for 70.36% of the total inertia, will be integrated, in a second step, into Mincer's wage equation. Results show a positive and significant impact of 16 competencies on wages. The impact of these factors is greater than that of education. Actually, education turns out to be an “incomplete” indicator of the stock of human capital. Labor market values the mastery of some competencies more than the number of years of study. Furthermore, the results point out negative and significant coefficients for individuals working in the private sector compared to the public sector. The same negative impact is witnessed for women compared to men.
本文旨在估计842名哈桑第一大学(Hassan The First University of Settat)获奖者进入劳动力市场后，能力对工资的影响。这些数据来自自2011年以来每年与隶属于教育、培训和科学研究高级委员会(摩洛哥)的国家评估机构合作进行的“插入”调查。这项工作的独创性在于，在第一步中，对19个能力进行了多重对应分析。所产生的11个因素，占总惯性的70.36%，将在第二步中被整合到Mincer的工资方程中。结果显示，16项胜任力对工资有显著的正向影响。这些因素的影响大于教育的影响。实际上，教育被证明是人力资本存量的一个“不完全”指标。劳动力市场更看重对某些能力的掌握，而不是学习年限。此外，结果指出，与公共部门相比，在私营部门工作的个人的系数为负且显著。与男性相比，女性也受到了同样的负面影响。
{"title":"Vers une mesure de l’impact des compétences sur le salaire des lauréats de l’enseignement supérieur au Maroc:","authors":"Karima Bouaouz, Abdeljabbar Abdouni, Razane Chroqui","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims at estimating the impact of competencies on wages for a sample of 842 laureates of Hassan the First University of Settat inserted in the labor market. The data come from the \"insertion\" surveys conducted annually since 2011 in partnership with the National Evaluation Authority attached to the Higher Council for Education, Training and Scientific Research (Morocco). The originality of this work consists in applying, in a first step, a multiple correspondence analysis on 19 competencies. 11 factors generated, accounting for 70.36% of the total inertia, will be integrated, in a second step, into Mincer's wage equation. Results show a positive and significant impact of 16 competencies on wages. \u0000The impact of these factors is greater than that of education. Actually, education turns out to be an “incomplete” indicator of the stock of human capital. Labor market values the mastery of some competencies more than the number of years of study. \u0000Furthermore, the results point out negative and significant coefficients for individuals working in the private sector compared to the public sector. The same negative impact is witnessed for women compared to men.","PeriodicalId":37926,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Readings","volume":"2 1","pages":"521-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71019503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this article is to analyze some characteristics of Hegelian dialectics, trying to define its centrality in the process of thought and investigating its limits. To this end, I will propose a hypothesis that implies a parallel reading of the meaning of dialectics at some moments in Platonic philosophy (particularly around the "Unwritten Doctrines") and others in Hegel's philosophy, especially in the Science of Logic . This confrontation will allow us to draw a line of conjunction between both authors and to elucidate the chiasm between history, thought and dialectics.
{"title":"Pensar lo inexpresable. El núcleo de lo dialéctico entre Platón y Hegel.","authors":"Leonardo Mattana","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4073129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4073129","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to analyze some characteristics of Hegelian dialectics, trying to define its centrality in the process of thought and investigating its limits. To this end, I will propose a hypothesis that implies a parallel reading of the meaning of dialectics at some moments in Platonic philosophy (particularly around the \"Unwritten Doctrines\") and others in Hegel's philosophy, especially in the Science of Logic . This confrontation will allow us to draw a line of conjunction between both authors and to elucidate the chiasm between history, thought and dialectics.","PeriodicalId":37926,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Readings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48712603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, to explain Horkheimer’s critique of hegelian philosophy, a critique that develops under the coordinates of the first project of Critical Theory; on the other hand, to show how Horkheimer’s critical reception of Hegel’s work is another indication of the differences within the Frankfurt School between Horkheimer’s positions and those of Adorno y Marcuse.
{"title":"Entre los pecios del naufragio: la crítica de Horkheimer a la filosofía hegeliana","authors":"José Emilio Esteban Enguita","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4072308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4072308","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, to explain Horkheimer’s critique of hegelian philosophy, a critique that develops under the coordinates of the first project of Critical Theory; on the other hand, to show how Horkheimer’s critical reception of Hegel’s work is another indication of the differences within the Frankfurt School between Horkheimer’s positions and those of Adorno y Marcuse.","PeriodicalId":37926,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Readings","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42471203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay collects evidence of Lucretius’s presence in areas where researchers have not ventured, convinced that he was largely a poet who was read for excerpting precious images but disregarded his materialistic ideas. This essay proves that he was read by literary theorists, mithographers, meteorologists, embryologists, scholars interested in magnetism, and in the causes of dreams. The quotations culled in this paper point out new paths of investigation, and prove by and large that in Italy Lucretius was held as a serious observer of natural phenomena long before Gassendi made him popular by the middle of the Seventeenth Century.
{"title":"Quantulacumque lucretiana. Nuove piste di ricerca sulla fortuna di Lucrezio nel tardo Rinascimento","authors":"P. Cherchi","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4068386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4068386","url":null,"abstract":"This essay collects evidence of Lucretius’s presence in areas where researchers have not ventured, convinced that he was largely a poet who was read for excerpting precious images but disregarded his materialistic ideas. This essay proves that he was read by literary theorists, mithographers, meteorologists, embryologists, scholars interested in magnetism, and in the causes of dreams. The quotations culled in this paper point out new paths of investigation, and prove by and large that in Italy Lucretius was held as a serious observer of natural phenomena long before Gassendi made him popular by the middle of the Seventeenth Century.","PeriodicalId":37926,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Readings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46857751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to show how reason moves through living forms of thinking, or rather, through living concepts. The first part of this paper will deal with the contradiction. Part two is dedicated to the concept, since it is an essential moment of reason. The living movement of the concept leads to the third part, which deals with life and the living ( das Lebendige ) within logic. In conclusion, a brief outlook will be given on how to go further in thinking with this concept of reason.
{"title":"Dialectic as a living form. Hegel's dialectical reason","authors":"Annette Sell","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4072346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4072346","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to show how reason moves through living forms of thinking, or rather, through living concepts. The first part of this paper will deal with the contradiction. Part two is dedicated to the concept, since it is an essential moment of reason. The living movement of the concept leads to the third part, which deals with life and the living ( das Lebendige ) within logic. In conclusion, a brief outlook will be given on how to go further in thinking with this concept of reason.","PeriodicalId":37926,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Readings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45492916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this article is to analyse the "debate" between the positions of Kant, Jacobi and Hegel in relation to the notions of "belief" and “knowledge". In this way, through detailed study of the critical exposition of the "attitude" ( Stellung ) of thought before the so-called "immediate knowledge" —within The three attitudes of thought with respect to objectivity — that Hegel offers us in the “Preliminary Concept” in the "Science of Logic" of his Encyclopedia ( Enz.-Vorbegriff zur Logik , §§ 19-78) we will be able to, not only analyse the distance that separates him from Kant with regard to the possible modes of relationship between the subjective "to take as true" ( Furwahrhalten ) a judgment and the conviction regarding it ( Meinen, Glauben, Wissen ), but also to appreciate Hegel's critique of Jacobi's confession of faith (confession made from Kant —antinomies— and against Kant —Spinoza—, with a view to surpassing, in short, the Kantian "rational faith"), thus clearing up, in the last instance, the importance that the role of mediation has as an essential element in Hegelian philosophy.
本文旨在分析康德立场之间的“争论”，雅各比和黑格尔关于“信仰”和“知识”的概念。这样，通过详细研究黑格尔在其百科全书《逻辑科学》中的“初步概念”中对所谓“直接知识”之前的思想“态度”（Stellong）——在关于客观性的思想的三种态度中——的批判性阐述（Enz.-Vorbegriff zur Logik，§§19-78）我们不仅能够分析他与康德之间的距离，以及主观“视为真实”（Furwahrhalten）的判断与定罪之间的可能关系模式（Meinen，Glauben，Wissen），但也要欣赏黑格尔对雅各比信仰忏悔的批判（从康德——矛盾论——和反对康德——斯宾诺莎的忏悔——以期超越，简而言之，康德的“理性信仰”），从而在最后一个例子中澄清了中介作为黑格尔哲学中一个基本要素的重要性。
{"title":"“Creer” y “saber”: un debate entre Kant, Jacobi y Hegel","authors":"Marcela Vélez León","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4071915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4071915","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to analyse the \"debate\" between the positions of Kant, Jacobi and Hegel in relation to the notions of \"belief\" and “knowledge\". In this way, through detailed study of the critical exposition of the \"attitude\" ( Stellung ) of thought before the so-called \"immediate knowledge\" —within The three attitudes of thought with respect to objectivity — that Hegel offers us in the “Preliminary Concept” in the \"Science of Logic\" of his Encyclopedia ( Enz.-Vorbegriff zur Logik , §§ 19-78) we will be able to, not only analyse the distance that separates him from Kant with regard to the possible modes of relationship between the subjective \"to take as true\" ( Furwahrhalten ) a judgment and the conviction regarding it ( Meinen, Glauben, Wissen ), but also to appreciate Hegel's critique of Jacobi's confession of faith (confession made from Kant —antinomies— and against Kant —Spinoza—, with a view to surpassing, in short, the Kantian \"rational faith\"), thus clearing up, in the last instance, the importance that the role of mediation has as an essential element in Hegelian philosophy.","PeriodicalId":37926,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Readings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49623610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines Hegel’s critique of Enlightenment in the work Faith and Knowledge (1802). To that end, we assess the recent work of several historians who study Enlightenment and dissociate it from the French Revolution and describe the tipology (French, British, German) of the European, Cosmopolitan Enlightenment.
{"title":"“El negativo proceder de la Ilustración”. Razones historiográficas de la crítica hegeliana a la Ilustración en Fe y saber","authors":"Eduardo Zazo, N. Arroyo","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4071900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4071900","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines Hegel’s critique of Enlightenment in the work Faith and Knowledge (1802). To that end, we assess the recent work of several historians who study Enlightenment and dissociate it from the French Revolution and describe the tipology (French, British, German) of the European, Cosmopolitan Enlightenment.","PeriodicalId":37926,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Readings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45094208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Žižek affirms Hegel’s present-day value since he understands that the transcendental Kantian discovery, opening up an abyss between subject and substance, constitutes the ‘traumatic core’ of contemporary philosophy and that the Hegelian response to it is the only satisfying one. This contribution tries, first of all, to explain the Žižekian interpretation of this response as a “metaphysics of the not-all.” According to Žižek, Hegel faces this transcendental challenge, inasmuch as he covers the distance between substance and subject, but in doing so, he demonstrates that their relation has the form of a paradox or that their unity rests on a cleft. Starting from here, the article explains the Žižekian reconstruction of the dialectical movement as a ‘run-in’ in which logos (of the subject) clashes with that (substantial) cleft that transcends it and, nonetheless, proves itself as its innermost core. This ‘run-in’, thus, enlightens the dialectical inversion as a radical overturn, which guarantees the opening of sense. Finally, by translating this linguistic structure into terms of action, this paper makes clear why Žižek defends that for Hegel the failure that essentially belongs to action, and because of which action goes necessarily through the ‘moment zero’ of history, guarantees the capacity action has to rewrite history and open up a new age.
{"title":"La escritura retroactiva de la historia: Žižek sobre Hegel","authors":"B. M. Pérez","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4072302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4072302","url":null,"abstract":"Žižek affirms Hegel’s present-day value since he understands that the transcendental Kantian discovery, opening up an abyss between subject and substance, constitutes the ‘traumatic core’ of contemporary philosophy and that the Hegelian response to it is the only satisfying one. This contribution tries, first of all, to explain the Žižekian interpretation of this response as a “metaphysics of the not-all.” According to Žižek, Hegel faces this transcendental challenge, inasmuch as he covers the distance between substance and subject, but in doing so, he demonstrates that their relation has the form of a paradox or that their unity rests on a cleft. Starting from here, the article explains the Žižekian reconstruction of the dialectical movement as a ‘run-in’ in which logos (of the subject) clashes with that (substantial) cleft that transcends it and, nonetheless, proves itself as its innermost core. This ‘run-in’, thus, enlightens the dialectical inversion as a radical overturn, which guarantees the opening of sense. Finally, by translating this linguistic structure into terms of action, this paper makes clear why Žižek defends that for Hegel the failure that essentially belongs to action, and because of which action goes necessarily through the ‘moment zero’ of history, guarantees the capacity action has to rewrite history and open up a new age.","PeriodicalId":37926,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Readings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46175099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to analyze Prudentius´ critique to Julian the Apostate´s neoplatonic system mainly through an allegorical scene contained within verses 449-502 of the Apotheosis , where a failed pagan ritual is described. Towards concluding that in the fourth century A.D. the conflict between pagans and christians motivated the breakup of the neoplatonic system into two parallel currents, the augustinian and the misterical one, we will focus on three points: (1) Some aspects of the general state of neoplatonic imperial thought with regards to certain historical, philosophical and social transformations within Paganism and Christianity, attending specially to the internal fractures of the former; (2) Prudentius´ argument for the metaphysical and moral insufficiency of Julian´s use of polytheistic symbolism, with the latter´s consequent counter-arguments and some examples of conflict and syncretism with regards to this question and (3) Prudentius´ argument for the impious and heretical condition of the components of theurgic activity, with the successive defense of an internal and not external mystical paradigm.
{"title":"Politeísmo, magia y teúrgia. La crítica de Prudencio al neoplatonismo de Juliano el Apóstata según Apoth. 449-502","authors":"Daniel Ortiz-Pereira","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.3903544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3903544","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to analyze Prudentius´ critique to Julian the Apostate´s neoplatonic system mainly through an allegorical scene contained within verses 449-502 of the Apotheosis , where a failed pagan ritual is described. Towards concluding that in the fourth century A.D. the conflict between pagans and christians motivated the breakup of the neoplatonic system into two parallel currents, the augustinian and the misterical one, we will focus on three points: (1) Some aspects of the general state of neoplatonic imperial thought with regards to certain historical, philosophical and social transformations within Paganism and Christianity, attending specially to the internal fractures of the former; (2) Prudentius´ argument for the metaphysical and moral insufficiency of Julian´s use of polytheistic symbolism, with the latter´s consequent counter-arguments and some examples of conflict and syncretism with regards to this question and (3) Prudentius´ argument for the impious and heretical condition of the components of theurgic activity, with the successive defense of an internal and not external mystical paradigm.","PeriodicalId":37926,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Readings","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71080441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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