Background: One of the basic challenges faced by children with specific learning disorders (SLD) is social-emotional problems. Objectives: Considering the importance of social anxiety in interacting with others and its negative consequences in the family, society, and academic life of students with specific learning disabilities, the present study aims to develop a causal model of social anxiety in these students based on emotion regulation and emotional intelligence, taking into account the mediating role of perceived self-efficacy. Methods: The research employed a descriptive approach and utilized path analysis. The statistical population of this research comprised all the students with SLD who were referred to the student counseling centers and LD centers affiliated with the education organization of Sanandaj city in the academic year 2022 - 2023. The research sample consisted of 360 students aged between 8 and 12 years old with SLD, selected from the statistical population through purposeful sampling. In this research, the self-report version of Leibovitz's Social Anxiety Scale for children and adolescents by Masia-Warner et al., Shields and Cicchetti's emotion regulation inventory, Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire by Mavroveli et al., and Muris' Children's Self-Efficacy Questionnaire were utilized. The fit indices of the model were also confirmed. Results: The variables of emotion regulation, perceived self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence directly affected the social anxiety of students with SLD. Additionally, the social anxiety of students with SLD was significantly related to the mediation of perceived self-efficacy with emotion regulation and emotional intelligence (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Therefore, to reduce the social anxiety of students with SLD, it is recommended that educators and experts develop educational programs to increase adaptive emotion regulation strategies, enhance perceived self-efficacy, and strengthen emotional intelligence.
{"title":"Social Anxiety in Students with Specific Learning Disorders Based on Emotion Regulation and Emotional Intelligence: The Mediating Role of Perceived Self-Efficacy","authors":"Parisa Rostami, Sanaz Eyni, Mehdi Zemestani","doi":"10.5812/jcp-145101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jcp-145101","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the basic challenges faced by children with specific learning disorders (SLD) is social-emotional problems. Objectives: Considering the importance of social anxiety in interacting with others and its negative consequences in the family, society, and academic life of students with specific learning disabilities, the present study aims to develop a causal model of social anxiety in these students based on emotion regulation and emotional intelligence, taking into account the mediating role of perceived self-efficacy. Methods: The research employed a descriptive approach and utilized path analysis. The statistical population of this research comprised all the students with SLD who were referred to the student counseling centers and LD centers affiliated with the education organization of Sanandaj city in the academic year 2022 - 2023. The research sample consisted of 360 students aged between 8 and 12 years old with SLD, selected from the statistical population through purposeful sampling. In this research, the self-report version of Leibovitz's Social Anxiety Scale for children and adolescents by Masia-Warner et al., Shields and Cicchetti's emotion regulation inventory, Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire by Mavroveli et al., and Muris' Children's Self-Efficacy Questionnaire were utilized. The fit indices of the model were also confirmed. Results: The variables of emotion regulation, perceived self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence directly affected the social anxiety of students with SLD. Additionally, the social anxiety of students with SLD was significantly related to the mediation of perceived self-efficacy with emotion regulation and emotional intelligence (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Therefore, to reduce the social anxiety of students with SLD, it is recommended that educators and experts develop educational programs to increase adaptive emotion regulation strategies, enhance perceived self-efficacy, and strengthen emotional intelligence.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":"10 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Noori, Alireza Teimouri, Ali Salimi Asl, S. Rajaei
Background: Arterial stiffness is recognized as a critical indicator of cardiac disorders. Objectives: This study aimed to compare aortic stiffening between children with type I diabetes mellitus (DMTI) and healthy children. Methods: This case-control study included 192 children, with 96 individuals in each group of DMTI and healthy controls. The diameter of the aorta in systole and diastole was measured using M-mode echocardiography. Aortic elasticity measures were assessed, including aortic strain, aortic stiffness beta index (ASβI), arterial distensibility (AD), and pressure strain elastic modulus. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: The participants had a mean age of 10.87 ± 3.46 years in the DMTI group and 10.77 ± 2.82 years in the control group (P = 0.579). Diastolic (P = 0.005) and systolic (P < 0.001) aortic diameters were significantly higher in children with DMTI. ASβI (12.70 ± 15.15 vs. 8.77 ± 17.46, P < 0.001) and pressure strain elastic modulus (8.92 ± 12.03 vs. 7.24 ± 14.34, P = 0.030) appeared to be higher in healthy children, while AD (0.08 ± 0.06 vs. 0.13 ± 0.09, P < 0.001) and aortic strain (7.78 ± 6.32 vs. 11.98 ± 9.1, P < 0.001) showed a significant lower amount in children with DMTI. However, no significant differences were shown in the elasticity parameters based on hemoglobin A1c levels or duration of diabetes (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Children with DMTI exhibited higher ASβI and pressure strain elastic modulus, as well as lower aortic strain and AD, compared to healthy children. The type of diabetes control and duration of diabetes did not significantly affect the stiffening parameters in children with DMTI.
背景：动脉僵化被认为是心脏疾病的一个重要指标。研究目的本研究旨在比较 I 型糖尿病（DMTI）儿童和健康儿童的主动脉僵化情况。研究方法这项病例对照研究包括 192 名儿童，DMTI 和健康对照组各 96 人。采用 M 型超声心动图测量主动脉收缩期和舒张期的直径。评估了主动脉弹性指标，包括主动脉应变、主动脉僵硬度β指数（ASβI）、动脉舒张性（AD）和压力应变弹性模量。数据使用 SPSS 20 进行分析，显著性水平设定为 P <0.05。结果DMTI 组参与者的平均年龄为（10.87 ± 3.46）岁，对照组参与者的平均年龄为（10.77 ± 2.82）岁（P = 0.579）。DMTI患儿的主动脉舒张径（P = 0.005）和收缩径（P < 0.001）明显高于对照组。健康儿童的 ASβI（12.70 ± 15.15 vs. 8.77 ± 17.46，P < 0.001）和压力应变弹性模量（8.92 ± 12.03 vs. 7.24 ± 14.34，P = 0.030）似乎更高，而 AD（0.08 ± 0.06 vs. 0.13 ± 0.09，P < 0.001）和主动脉应变（7.78 ± 6.32 vs. 11.98 ± 9.1，P < 0.001）在 DMTI 患儿中明显较低。然而，根据血红蛋白 A1c 水平或糖尿病病程，弹性参数没有明显差异（P > 0.05）。结论：与健康儿童相比，DMTI患儿表现出更高的ASβI和压力应变弹性模量，以及更低的主动脉应变和AD。糖尿病控制类型和糖尿病持续时间对DMTI患儿的僵化参数没有明显影响。
{"title":"Aortic Elasticity Changes in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus Compared to Controls","authors":"N. Noori, Alireza Teimouri, Ali Salimi Asl, S. Rajaei","doi":"10.5812/jcp-145187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jcp-145187","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Arterial stiffness is recognized as a critical indicator of cardiac disorders. Objectives: This study aimed to compare aortic stiffening between children with type I diabetes mellitus (DMTI) and healthy children. Methods: This case-control study included 192 children, with 96 individuals in each group of DMTI and healthy controls. The diameter of the aorta in systole and diastole was measured using M-mode echocardiography. Aortic elasticity measures were assessed, including aortic strain, aortic stiffness beta index (ASβI), arterial distensibility (AD), and pressure strain elastic modulus. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: The participants had a mean age of 10.87 ± 3.46 years in the DMTI group and 10.77 ± 2.82 years in the control group (P = 0.579). Diastolic (P = 0.005) and systolic (P < 0.001) aortic diameters were significantly higher in children with DMTI. ASβI (12.70 ± 15.15 vs. 8.77 ± 17.46, P < 0.001) and pressure strain elastic modulus (8.92 ± 12.03 vs. 7.24 ± 14.34, P = 0.030) appeared to be higher in healthy children, while AD (0.08 ± 0.06 vs. 0.13 ± 0.09, P < 0.001) and aortic strain (7.78 ± 6.32 vs. 11.98 ± 9.1, P < 0.001) showed a significant lower amount in children with DMTI. However, no significant differences were shown in the elasticity parameters based on hemoglobin A1c levels or duration of diabetes (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Children with DMTI exhibited higher ASβI and pressure strain elastic modulus, as well as lower aortic strain and AD, compared to healthy children. The type of diabetes control and duration of diabetes did not significantly affect the stiffening parameters in children with DMTI.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141366753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Novina Novina, Binu Dorjee, Michael Hermanussen, C. Scheffler, Barry Bogin, Aman Bhakti Pulungan, Madarina Julia, Yoyos Dias Ismiarto, B. Setiabudiawan
Background: The social, economic, political, and emotional (SEPE) environment plays a crucial role in shaping human development both pre- and post-birth, with direct and independent effects on growth, as research shows. Objectives: This study examines the growth of twins and singletons and their association with maternal education as one of the social-economic (SE) variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized Nutritional Status Monitoring for Children under 5 Years Old in Bandung District in September 2019. A total of 158 healthy children aged < 5 years, involving 35 twins (70 children) and 88 singletons, were included. Data on weight and length at birth and weight and length/height taken at age 8.6 to 60 months were plotted according to WHOCGS 2006. Statistical analyses and visualizations, including SE variables analysis, were conducted using density plots, correlation plots, St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA), and ANOVA. Results: At birth, z-scores of the body length, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of twins were lower than those of singletons (P < 0.05). After birth, z-scores of twins' length/height, weight, and BMI adjusted to those of singletons, with maternal education being the strongest among SE variables of early childhood growth adjustment. Conclusions: Twins were shorter, lighter, and had a lower average BMI at birth than singletons. There was no apparent association between birth measurements and SE variables. However, after birth, maternal education starts to gain a central position in regulating child growth.
背景：研究表明，社会、经济、政治和情感（SEPE）环境对人在出生前后的发展起着至关重要的作用，并对成长产生直接和独立的影响。研究目的本研究探讨了双胞胎和单胎的生长及其与作为社会经济（SE）变量之一的母亲教育的关系。研究方法本横断面研究利用了 2019 年 9 月万隆地区 5 岁以下儿童营养状况监测。共纳入 158 名年龄小于 5 岁的健康儿童，其中包括 35 名双胞胎（70 名儿童）和 88 名单胎儿童。出生时的体重和身长数据以及8.6个月至60个月时的体重和身长/身高数据均按照2006年WHOCGS绘制。使用密度图、相关图、圣尼古拉屋分析法（SNHA）和方差分析进行了统计分析和可视化，包括 SE 变量分析。结果出生时，双胞胎的身长、体重和体重指数（BMI）的 z 值均低于单胎（P < 0.05）。出生后，双胞胎的身长/身高、体重和体重指数的 z 值调整到单胎的水平，而在儿童早期生长调整的 SE 变量中，母亲教育程度的影响最大。结论与单胎相比，双胞胎出生时的身高、体重和平均体重指数较低。出生测量值与 SE 变量之间没有明显的关联。然而，出生后，母亲教育开始在调节儿童生长方面占据中心位置。
{"title":"Maternal Education is a Major Factor in Growth Regulation in Twins and Singletons","authors":"Novina Novina, Binu Dorjee, Michael Hermanussen, C. Scheffler, Barry Bogin, Aman Bhakti Pulungan, Madarina Julia, Yoyos Dias Ismiarto, B. Setiabudiawan","doi":"10.5812/jcp-145017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jcp-145017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The social, economic, political, and emotional (SEPE) environment plays a crucial role in shaping human development both pre- and post-birth, with direct and independent effects on growth, as research shows. Objectives: This study examines the growth of twins and singletons and their association with maternal education as one of the social-economic (SE) variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized Nutritional Status Monitoring for Children under 5 Years Old in Bandung District in September 2019. A total of 158 healthy children aged < 5 years, involving 35 twins (70 children) and 88 singletons, were included. Data on weight and length at birth and weight and length/height taken at age 8.6 to 60 months were plotted according to WHOCGS 2006. Statistical analyses and visualizations, including SE variables analysis, were conducted using density plots, correlation plots, St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA), and ANOVA. Results: At birth, z-scores of the body length, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of twins were lower than those of singletons (P < 0.05). After birth, z-scores of twins' length/height, weight, and BMI adjusted to those of singletons, with maternal education being the strongest among SE variables of early childhood growth adjustment. Conclusions: Twins were shorter, lighter, and had a lower average BMI at birth than singletons. There was no apparent association between birth measurements and SE variables. However, after birth, maternal education starts to gain a central position in regulating child growth.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Hashemian, Roja Qobadighadikolaei, Pouria Seifnezhad, Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad, Saeid Sadat Mansouri, Ali Darini, Faezeh Jamali, Fatemeh Rashidpour, M. Shahrokhi
Background: The full scope of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unknown, and a definitive treatment for children has yet to be established. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), beyond its mucolytic effect in lung disorders, operates through various mechanisms, such as enhancing the immune system, inhibiting viral replication, and reducing inflammation. These pharmacological properties of NAC suggest it is a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Objectives: Our goal was to evaluate whether NAC could improve outcomes in hospitalized children presenting with acute respiratory symptoms due to COVID-19. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms were randomly allocated to receive either 1200 mg/day of NAC or a placebo for 7 days. We monitored NAC-related side effects, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, white blood cell (WBC) count, serum creatinine, oxygen saturation, hospital stay duration, and clinical symptoms. Results: All measured variables in both groups showed significant improvement by the end of the study. However, the analysis indicated that the changes in CRP and WBC levels in the NAC group, compared to the placebo, were not significant (P = 0.659 and 0.067, respectively). There was a notable improvement in oxygen saturation in the NAC group versus the placebo group at the study's conclusion (P = 0.001). The length of hospital stay and CRP levels significantly decreased in the NAC group compared to the placebo group (P-value = 0.001 and P-value ≤ 0.001, respectively). Additionally, the mortality rate was 0.0% in the intervention group versus 7.4% in the placebo group (P-value = 0.491). Conclusions: The findings from this study support the potential of NAC in shortening hospital stay durations and enhancing oxygen saturation among children with COVID-19.
{"title":"Efficacy of N‑Acetylcysteine in Children with Moderate COVID-19: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"H. Hashemian, Roja Qobadighadikolaei, Pouria Seifnezhad, Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad, Saeid Sadat Mansouri, Ali Darini, Faezeh Jamali, Fatemeh Rashidpour, M. Shahrokhi","doi":"10.5812/jcp-139612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jcp-139612","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The full scope of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unknown, and a definitive treatment for children has yet to be established. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), beyond its mucolytic effect in lung disorders, operates through various mechanisms, such as enhancing the immune system, inhibiting viral replication, and reducing inflammation. These pharmacological properties of NAC suggest it is a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Objectives: Our goal was to evaluate whether NAC could improve outcomes in hospitalized children presenting with acute respiratory symptoms due to COVID-19. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms were randomly allocated to receive either 1200 mg/day of NAC or a placebo for 7 days. We monitored NAC-related side effects, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, white blood cell (WBC) count, serum creatinine, oxygen saturation, hospital stay duration, and clinical symptoms. Results: All measured variables in both groups showed significant improvement by the end of the study. However, the analysis indicated that the changes in CRP and WBC levels in the NAC group, compared to the placebo, were not significant (P = 0.659 and 0.067, respectively). There was a notable improvement in oxygen saturation in the NAC group versus the placebo group at the study's conclusion (P = 0.001). The length of hospital stay and CRP levels significantly decreased in the NAC group compared to the placebo group (P-value = 0.001 and P-value ≤ 0.001, respectively). Additionally, the mortality rate was 0.0% in the intervention group versus 7.4% in the placebo group (P-value = 0.491). Conclusions: The findings from this study support the potential of NAC in shortening hospital stay durations and enhancing oxygen saturation among children with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140735284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hosseini, K. Rahmani, Marjan Aghajani, V. Javadi, Yasaman Zarinfar, Maryam Mollaei, Tellina Jahangiri, R. Shiari, Arsalan Sabooree, F. Imanzadeh, A. Sayyari, M. Hajipour
Background: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common type of vasculitis in children. Children with HSP often experience gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intussusception. These symptoms are estimated to occur in 50-75% of cases. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of gastrointestinal manifestations in children with HSP and identified associated predictive factors. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we collected data from 295 children with HSP, aged 1 to 16, who were treated at Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between 2013 and 2022. We gathered the following information from hospital records: Laboratory results for ALT, AST, bilirubin, stool exam (S/E), WBC, RBC, and occult blood (OB), as well as demographic data. Clinical symptoms evaluated included fever, rash, abdominal pain, distension, tenderness, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and icterus. Results: Our study included 295 children diagnosed with HSP, consisting of 46.77% females and 53.23% males. The average age was 5.3 ± 2.8 years for female patients and 6.2 ± 2.9 years for male patients. Further analysis indicated that anorexia was the most common symptom, followed by abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and bloody stool. We observed no significant differences in symptoms based on sex. Physical examination findings, including abdominal distension and tenderness, were similar across both sexes. Elevated levels of AST and ALT, as well as hyperbilirubinemia, were noted in some patients. Stool analysis revealed positive results for RBC, WBC, and occult blood in certain cases, with 21% testing positive for RBC, 24.85% for WBC, and 23.25% for occult blood. Anorexia showed a correlation with increased AST levels, while bloody stool was associated with higher ALT levels, hyperbilirubinemia, and direct hyperbilirubinemia. Logistic regression analysis confirmed a significant association between bloody stools and elevated ALT levels. Conclusions: In this study, we examined the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in children with small vessel vasculitis to identify associated predictive factors. Our findings indicated that anorexia and abdominal pain were the most common clinical manifestations, with bloody stool also being a prevalent symptom. Additionally, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of bloody stool is a significant predictive factor for elevated ALT levels.
{"title":"Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Manifestations and Predictive Factors in Pediatric Henoch-Schönlein Purpura","authors":"A. Hosseini, K. Rahmani, Marjan Aghajani, V. Javadi, Yasaman Zarinfar, Maryam Mollaei, Tellina Jahangiri, R. Shiari, Arsalan Sabooree, F. Imanzadeh, A. Sayyari, M. Hajipour","doi":"10.5812/jcp-143270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jcp-143270","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common type of vasculitis in children. Children with HSP often experience gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intussusception. These symptoms are estimated to occur in 50-75% of cases. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of gastrointestinal manifestations in children with HSP and identified associated predictive factors. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we collected data from 295 children with HSP, aged 1 to 16, who were treated at Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between 2013 and 2022. We gathered the following information from hospital records: Laboratory results for ALT, AST, bilirubin, stool exam (S/E), WBC, RBC, and occult blood (OB), as well as demographic data. Clinical symptoms evaluated included fever, rash, abdominal pain, distension, tenderness, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and icterus. Results: Our study included 295 children diagnosed with HSP, consisting of 46.77% females and 53.23% males. The average age was 5.3 ± 2.8 years for female patients and 6.2 ± 2.9 years for male patients. Further analysis indicated that anorexia was the most common symptom, followed by abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and bloody stool. We observed no significant differences in symptoms based on sex. Physical examination findings, including abdominal distension and tenderness, were similar across both sexes. Elevated levels of AST and ALT, as well as hyperbilirubinemia, were noted in some patients. Stool analysis revealed positive results for RBC, WBC, and occult blood in certain cases, with 21% testing positive for RBC, 24.85% for WBC, and 23.25% for occult blood. Anorexia showed a correlation with increased AST levels, while bloody stool was associated with higher ALT levels, hyperbilirubinemia, and direct hyperbilirubinemia. Logistic regression analysis confirmed a significant association between bloody stools and elevated ALT levels. Conclusions: In this study, we examined the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in children with small vessel vasculitis to identify associated predictive factors. Our findings indicated that anorexia and abdominal pain were the most common clinical manifestations, with bloody stool also being a prevalent symptom. Additionally, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of bloody stool is a significant predictive factor for elevated ALT levels.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahar Barzamini, K. Rahmani, R. Shiari, V. Javadi Parvaneh, Mehrnoush Hassas Yeganeh
Background: Hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD), likely a multifactorial condition characterized by musculoskeletal pain, joint instability, and reduced bone mineral density (BMD), is the focus of this study. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess and compare bone density in children diagnosed with HSD and those with benign hypermobility. Methods: This case-control study involved 73 pediatric patients diagnosed with hypermobility spectrum disorder and benign hypermobility, who were referred to the Rheumatology clinic of Mofid Hospital in Tehran between February and November 2022. Bone mineral density was measured using Z-scores from L1-L4 and the whole body less head via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Results: Significant differences were observed in the frequency distribution of spine BMD Z-scores between the two groups (P = 0.002). There was no significant correlation between spine and whole body BMD Z-scores with age and gender (P > 0.05). A notable correlation was found between spine and whole body BMD Z-scores (P < 0.001 and r = 0.64). Among the HSD group, 18 patients (81.8%) had normal BMD, while 4 patients (18.2%) exhibited low bone density, with no cases of osteoporosis. In contrast, osteoporosis was observed in 7.3% of patients in the benign hypermobility group. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with benign hypermobility, clinicians should be vigilant for tendencies toward osteopenia when treating such patients.
背景：多动性频谱障碍（HSD）可能是一种多因素疾病，以肌肉骨骼疼痛、关节不稳定和骨矿物质密度（BMD）降低为特征。研究目的本研究旨在评估和比较被诊断患有 HSD 的儿童和患有良性活动过度症的儿童的骨密度。研究方法：这项病例对照研究涉及 73 名被诊断患有活动过度频谱障碍和良性活动过度症的儿童患者，他们于 2022 年 2 月至 11 月间被转诊至德黑兰莫菲德医院风湿病诊所。通过双能 X 射线吸收测量法（DEXA）测量了 L1-L4 和全身（不包括头部）的骨矿密度 Z 值。结果显示两组脊柱骨密度 Z 值的频率分布存在显著差异（P = 0.002）。脊柱和全身 BMD Z 值与年龄和性别无明显相关性（P > 0.05）。脊柱和全身 BMD Z 值之间存在明显的相关性（P < 0.001，r = 0.64）。在 HSD 组中，18 名患者（81.8%）的 BMD 正常，4 名患者（18.2%）的骨密度较低，无骨质疏松症病例。相比之下，良性骨质疏松组中有 7.3% 的患者出现骨质疏松症。结论鉴于良性活动过度症患者骨质疏松症的发病率较高，临床医生在治疗这类患者时应警惕骨质疏松的倾向。
{"title":"Bone Density in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder Compared to Children with Benign Hypermobility","authors":"Sahar Barzamini, K. Rahmani, R. Shiari, V. Javadi Parvaneh, Mehrnoush Hassas Yeganeh","doi":"10.5812/jcp-141109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jcp-141109","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD), likely a multifactorial condition characterized by musculoskeletal pain, joint instability, and reduced bone mineral density (BMD), is the focus of this study. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess and compare bone density in children diagnosed with HSD and those with benign hypermobility. Methods: This case-control study involved 73 pediatric patients diagnosed with hypermobility spectrum disorder and benign hypermobility, who were referred to the Rheumatology clinic of Mofid Hospital in Tehran between February and November 2022. Bone mineral density was measured using Z-scores from L1-L4 and the whole body less head via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Results: Significant differences were observed in the frequency distribution of spine BMD Z-scores between the two groups (P = 0.002). There was no significant correlation between spine and whole body BMD Z-scores with age and gender (P > 0.05). A notable correlation was found between spine and whole body BMD Z-scores (P < 0.001 and r = 0.64). Among the HSD group, 18 patients (81.8%) had normal BMD, while 4 patients (18.2%) exhibited low bone density, with no cases of osteoporosis. In contrast, osteoporosis was observed in 7.3% of patients in the benign hypermobility group. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with benign hypermobility, clinicians should be vigilant for tendencies toward osteopenia when treating such patients.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":"102 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Khanbabaee, Ahmad Safapour, Zahra Taghizadeh Herat, Mohammad Hadi Mohseni
Introduction: Tracheal tumors are rare in the pediatric population. Primary tumors within the trachea often present with non-specific symptoms during the initial stages, leading to a delayed diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis of a tracheal tumor is crucial due to the risk of life-threatening airway obstruction it poses. This article discusses the case of a twelve-year-old girl who experienced 8years of breathing difficulties without an adequate response to treatment. Case Presentation: The patient was referred to Mofid Children's Hospital after experiencing 8 years of difficulty with dyspnea. Her dyspnea was classified as functional class 2 and was accompanied by dry coughs. Additionally, a biphasic stridor was observed during her auscultation. Further investigations revealed an intra-tracheal mass, identified as a mucous gland adenoma (MGA). Imaging and pathology showed no signs of malignancy. Following her surgery, she was completely free of symptoms, and her follow-up spirometry showed no abnormalities. Conclusions: In this article, we present a detailed case of MGA. Despite the low incidence of intra-tracheal tumors, conducting further studies in patients who respond poorly to treatment is crucial. The potential complications from these tumors can be catastrophic. Thus, enhancing our knowledge and expertise in this area is of great importance.
{"title":"A Twelve-Year-Old-Girl with Intra-Tracheal Mucous Gland Adenoma: A Case Report","authors":"G. Khanbabaee, Ahmad Safapour, Zahra Taghizadeh Herat, Mohammad Hadi Mohseni","doi":"10.5812/jcp-143518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jcp-143518","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tracheal tumors are rare in the pediatric population. Primary tumors within the trachea often present with non-specific symptoms during the initial stages, leading to a delayed diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis of a tracheal tumor is crucial due to the risk of life-threatening airway obstruction it poses. This article discusses the case of a twelve-year-old girl who experienced 8years of breathing difficulties without an adequate response to treatment. Case Presentation: The patient was referred to Mofid Children's Hospital after experiencing 8 years of difficulty with dyspnea. Her dyspnea was classified as functional class 2 and was accompanied by dry coughs. Additionally, a biphasic stridor was observed during her auscultation. Further investigations revealed an intra-tracheal mass, identified as a mucous gland adenoma (MGA). Imaging and pathology showed no signs of malignancy. Following her surgery, she was completely free of symptoms, and her follow-up spirometry showed no abnormalities. Conclusions: In this article, we present a detailed case of MGA. Despite the low incidence of intra-tracheal tumors, conducting further studies in patients who respond poorly to treatment is crucial. The potential complications from these tumors can be catastrophic. Thus, enhancing our knowledge and expertise in this area is of great importance.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The most frequent cause of coronary artery aneurysm in children is Kawasaki disease (KD). Recently, limited studies on procalcitonin (PCT) were performed to find a biomarker for the diagnosis or prognosis of children with KD. Objectives: This study aimed to compare serum PCT levels between complete and incomplete KD and testify to the predictive validity of PCT for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance and predicting coronary artery lesions (CALs). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Namazi hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. All KD patients admitted to the hospital were included, with parental consent obtained. Kawasaki disease patients were categorized as complete KD (cKD) or incomplete KD (iKD). Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed, and peripheral venous blood was examined for PCT levels and other markers. All patients received IVIG and aspirin as standard treatment. The presence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) was determined based on coronary artery size and morphology. We used Stata software version 14.0 for data analysis. Logistic regression models identified predictive factors for coronary complications. This study determined the optimal PCT cut-off point for predicted coronary complications using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committees of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Results: Procalcitonin values in 38 children hospitalized with acute KD ranged from 0.2 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL, with a mean of 2.65 ng/m. There was no correlation of PCT with patients’ age or gender, incomplete KD, or IVIG resistance. The serum PCT concentration was higher in patients with CAL (P = 0.009). The best PCT cut-off value for CAL prediction was 2.5 ng/mL (corresponding sensitivity = 81.8% and specificity = 68.7%), considering CAL prevalence as the studied group. Conclusions: Supplementary research is needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PCT for the diagnosis and prognosis of KD. Procalcitonin might be of value in predicting which children are at increased risk for CALs to intensify therapy.
{"title":"Determination of Serum Procalcitonin Level in Kawasaki Disease","authors":"Reihaneh Sedghi, Anahita Sanaei Dashti, Hossein Esmaeilzadeh","doi":"10.5812/jcp-136869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jcp-136869","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The most frequent cause of coronary artery aneurysm in children is Kawasaki disease (KD). Recently, limited studies on procalcitonin (PCT) were performed to find a biomarker for the diagnosis or prognosis of children with KD. Objectives: This study aimed to compare serum PCT levels between complete and incomplete KD and testify to the predictive validity of PCT for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance and predicting coronary artery lesions (CALs). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Namazi hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. All KD patients admitted to the hospital were included, with parental consent obtained. Kawasaki disease patients were categorized as complete KD (cKD) or incomplete KD (iKD). Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed, and peripheral venous blood was examined for PCT levels and other markers. All patients received IVIG and aspirin as standard treatment. The presence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) was determined based on coronary artery size and morphology. We used Stata software version 14.0 for data analysis. Logistic regression models identified predictive factors for coronary complications. This study determined the optimal PCT cut-off point for predicted coronary complications using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committees of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Results: Procalcitonin values in 38 children hospitalized with acute KD ranged from 0.2 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL, with a mean of 2.65 ng/m. There was no correlation of PCT with patients’ age or gender, incomplete KD, or IVIG resistance. The serum PCT concentration was higher in patients with CAL (P = 0.009). The best PCT cut-off value for CAL prediction was 2.5 ng/mL (corresponding sensitivity = 81.8% and specificity = 68.7%), considering CAL prevalence as the studied group. Conclusions: Supplementary research is needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PCT for the diagnosis and prognosis of KD. Procalcitonin might be of value in predicting which children are at increased risk for CALs to intensify therapy.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":"169 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139839814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The most frequent cause of coronary artery aneurysm in children is Kawasaki disease (KD). Recently, limited studies on procalcitonin (PCT) were performed to find a biomarker for the diagnosis or prognosis of children with KD. Objectives: This study aimed to compare serum PCT levels between complete and incomplete KD and testify to the predictive validity of PCT for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance and predicting coronary artery lesions (CALs). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Namazi hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. All KD patients admitted to the hospital were included, with parental consent obtained. Kawasaki disease patients were categorized as complete KD (cKD) or incomplete KD (iKD). Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed, and peripheral venous blood was examined for PCT levels and other markers. All patients received IVIG and aspirin as standard treatment. The presence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) was determined based on coronary artery size and morphology. We used Stata software version 14.0 for data analysis. Logistic regression models identified predictive factors for coronary complications. This study determined the optimal PCT cut-off point for predicted coronary complications using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committees of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Results: Procalcitonin values in 38 children hospitalized with acute KD ranged from 0.2 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL, with a mean of 2.65 ng/m. There was no correlation of PCT with patients’ age or gender, incomplete KD, or IVIG resistance. The serum PCT concentration was higher in patients with CAL (P = 0.009). The best PCT cut-off value for CAL prediction was 2.5 ng/mL (corresponding sensitivity = 81.8% and specificity = 68.7%), considering CAL prevalence as the studied group. Conclusions: Supplementary research is needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PCT for the diagnosis and prognosis of KD. Procalcitonin might be of value in predicting which children are at increased risk for CALs to intensify therapy.
{"title":"Determination of Serum Procalcitonin Level in Kawasaki Disease","authors":"Reihaneh Sedghi, Anahita Sanaei Dashti, Hossein Esmaeilzadeh","doi":"10.5812/jcp-136869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jcp-136869","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The most frequent cause of coronary artery aneurysm in children is Kawasaki disease (KD). Recently, limited studies on procalcitonin (PCT) were performed to find a biomarker for the diagnosis or prognosis of children with KD. Objectives: This study aimed to compare serum PCT levels between complete and incomplete KD and testify to the predictive validity of PCT for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance and predicting coronary artery lesions (CALs). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Namazi hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. All KD patients admitted to the hospital were included, with parental consent obtained. Kawasaki disease patients were categorized as complete KD (cKD) or incomplete KD (iKD). Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed, and peripheral venous blood was examined for PCT levels and other markers. All patients received IVIG and aspirin as standard treatment. The presence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) was determined based on coronary artery size and morphology. We used Stata software version 14.0 for data analysis. Logistic regression models identified predictive factors for coronary complications. This study determined the optimal PCT cut-off point for predicted coronary complications using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committees of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Results: Procalcitonin values in 38 children hospitalized with acute KD ranged from 0.2 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL, with a mean of 2.65 ng/m. There was no correlation of PCT with patients’ age or gender, incomplete KD, or IVIG resistance. The serum PCT concentration was higher in patients with CAL (P = 0.009). The best PCT cut-off value for CAL prediction was 2.5 ng/mL (corresponding sensitivity = 81.8% and specificity = 68.7%), considering CAL prevalence as the studied group. Conclusions: Supplementary research is needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PCT for the diagnosis and prognosis of KD. Procalcitonin might be of value in predicting which children are at increased risk for CALs to intensify therapy.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jafar Sarani Yaztappeh, N. Bakhshani, Saina Fatollahzadeh, T. Shahraki, M. Shahraki, M. Mohebi, A. Mojahed, Homa Shahkaram
Background: Celiac disease (CD) triggers an autoimmune response in the body involving the immune system. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate and compare the quality of life (QOL) in children with CD and those without CD. Additionally, the study aimed to contrast the self-reported QOL of children with CD with the assessments made by their parents. Methods: In this cross-sectional, case-control study, the QOL of children with CD, aged 6-12 years, was compared with that of age- and gender-matched children without CD. Additionally, the study involved a comparison of the QOL assessments reported by both parents and children. The Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (Kid-KINDL) was used to appraise QOL from the perspectives of both children and their parents. Specifically, the parents completed the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC). Results: The present results indicated significant differences between children with and without CD in terms of QOL, psychological problems, attention, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms (as reported by the parents), as well as school performance, self-esteem, and emotional well-being (as reported by children) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the QOL and self-esteem reports between children with CD and their parents (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study offered valuable insights into the QOL, psychological disorders, and related factors in children with and without CD. Additionally, it underscored the tendency of parents with children suffering from CD to underestimate their children’s QOL.
背景：乳糜泻（CD）会引发人体免疫系统的自身免疫反应。研究目的本研究旨在评估和比较乳糜泻患儿和非乳糜泻患儿的生活质量（QOL）。此外，该研究还旨在将 CD 患儿自我报告的生活质量与其父母的评估进行对比。研究方法在这项横断面病例对照研究中，6-12 岁 CD 患儿的 QOL 与年龄和性别匹配的非 CD 患儿的 QOL 进行了比较。此外，研究还对家长和儿童的 QOL 评估进行了比较。研究人员使用生活质量问卷（Kid-KINDL）从儿童及其父母的角度对他们的 QOL 进行评估。具体而言，家长填写了儿科症状检查表（PSC）。结果本研究结果表明，CD患儿与非CD患儿在QOL、心理问题、注意力、内化症状和外化症状（由家长报告）以及学习成绩、自尊和情绪健康（由患儿报告）方面存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。此外，CD患儿和其父母的QOL和自尊报告也存在明显差异（P < 0.05）。结论：本研究为了解 CD 患儿和非 CD 患儿的 QOL、心理障碍及相关因素提供了宝贵的视角。此外，该研究还强调了 CD 患儿父母低估其子女 QOL 的倾向。
{"title":"Quality of Life and Psychological Problems in Children with and without Celiac Disease","authors":"Jafar Sarani Yaztappeh, N. Bakhshani, Saina Fatollahzadeh, T. Shahraki, M. Shahraki, M. Mohebi, A. Mojahed, Homa Shahkaram","doi":"10.5812/jcp-139456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jcp-139456","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Celiac disease (CD) triggers an autoimmune response in the body involving the immune system. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate and compare the quality of life (QOL) in children with CD and those without CD. Additionally, the study aimed to contrast the self-reported QOL of children with CD with the assessments made by their parents. Methods: In this cross-sectional, case-control study, the QOL of children with CD, aged 6-12 years, was compared with that of age- and gender-matched children without CD. Additionally, the study involved a comparison of the QOL assessments reported by both parents and children. The Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (Kid-KINDL) was used to appraise QOL from the perspectives of both children and their parents. Specifically, the parents completed the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC). Results: The present results indicated significant differences between children with and without CD in terms of QOL, psychological problems, attention, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms (as reported by the parents), as well as school performance, self-esteem, and emotional well-being (as reported by children) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the QOL and self-esteem reports between children with CD and their parents (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study offered valuable insights into the QOL, psychological disorders, and related factors in children with and without CD. Additionally, it underscored the tendency of parents with children suffering from CD to underestimate their children’s QOL.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":"315 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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