Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.5812/compreped-130013
A. Hosseini, A. Mirbazel, Vahide Zeinali, M. Hajipour, Ghazal Zahed
Background: Fecal incontinence (FI) is a stressful condition for children and their parents that may affect the patient’s psychological well-being. Evaluating the patients’ psychological status may help physicians manage the disease effectively. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the emotional and behavioral disturbances in children with FI who were referred to the pediatric gastroenterology clinic in Mofid Children’s Hospital from April 2021 to 2022. Methods: This cross-sectional study included children (over four years old) with chronic constipation and fecal incontinence. The diagnosis of chronic constipation and FI were made according to Rome-IV criteria. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) evaluated patients’ emotional, behavioral, and social problems. Results: One hundred one patients with a mean age of 7.96 years were enrolled in the study; 67.32% were males. According to CBCL, 12% (12 patients) indicated emotional and behavioral problems, with CBCL scores in the clinical or at-risk range. We detected anxious/depressed problems in five (4.95%), withdrawn/depressed problems in eight (7.92%), somatic complaints in seven (6.93%), social problems in eight (7.92%), thought problems in nine (8.91%), attention problems in seven (6.93%), rule-breaking behavior in two (1.98%), and aggressive behavior in nine (8.91%) patients. The risk of internalizing and externalizing disorders was reported in four (3.96%) and five (4.95%) patients. Also, eight (7.92%) and seven (6.93%) patients had clinical symptoms of internalizing and externalizing disorders, respectively. There was no significant relationship between patients’ age and gender with the CBCL scores in any subscales. However, there was a significant difference in the total score among the age groups (P = 0.04). Conclusions: The relatively high prevalence of emotional, behavioral, and social problems in our study corroborates the importance of psychological screening of children with FI during the treatment process.
{"title":"Emotional, Behavioral and Social Problems in Children with Fecal Incontinence by Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"A. Hosseini, A. Mirbazel, Vahide Zeinali, M. Hajipour, Ghazal Zahed","doi":"10.5812/compreped-130013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped-130013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fecal incontinence (FI) is a stressful condition for children and their parents that may affect the patient’s psychological well-being. Evaluating the patients’ psychological status may help physicians manage the disease effectively. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the emotional and behavioral disturbances in children with FI who were referred to the pediatric gastroenterology clinic in Mofid Children’s Hospital from April 2021 to 2022. Methods: This cross-sectional study included children (over four years old) with chronic constipation and fecal incontinence. The diagnosis of chronic constipation and FI were made according to Rome-IV criteria. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) evaluated patients’ emotional, behavioral, and social problems. Results: One hundred one patients with a mean age of 7.96 years were enrolled in the study; 67.32% were males. According to CBCL, 12% (12 patients) indicated emotional and behavioral problems, with CBCL scores in the clinical or at-risk range. We detected anxious/depressed problems in five (4.95%), withdrawn/depressed problems in eight (7.92%), somatic complaints in seven (6.93%), social problems in eight (7.92%), thought problems in nine (8.91%), attention problems in seven (6.93%), rule-breaking behavior in two (1.98%), and aggressive behavior in nine (8.91%) patients. The risk of internalizing and externalizing disorders was reported in four (3.96%) and five (4.95%) patients. Also, eight (7.92%) and seven (6.93%) patients had clinical symptoms of internalizing and externalizing disorders, respectively. There was no significant relationship between patients’ age and gender with the CBCL scores in any subscales. However, there was a significant difference in the total score among the age groups (P = 0.04). Conclusions: The relatively high prevalence of emotional, behavioral, and social problems in our study corroborates the importance of psychological screening of children with FI during the treatment process.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47361100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-25DOI: 10.5812/compreped-128417
A. Khajeh, Fatemeh Akbarirad, Maryam Keikha, Yalda Salari, Yasaman Salari
: The number of reports of the extrapulmonary manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is increasing in the literature. The neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in pediatric patients, however, are not well studied. Acute transverse myelitis is among the neurological manifestations usually reported with viral infections. However, the development of transverse myelitis in pediatric patients following COVID-19 is extremely rare. We report a case of acute transverse myelitis in a previously healthy 11 years old female patient with COVID-19 who was asymptomatic before the onset of weakness.
{"title":"Acute Transverse Myelitis in a Paediatric Patient with Coronavirus Disease-19; A Case Report","authors":"A. Khajeh, Fatemeh Akbarirad, Maryam Keikha, Yalda Salari, Yasaman Salari","doi":"10.5812/compreped-128417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped-128417","url":null,"abstract":": The number of reports of the extrapulmonary manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is increasing in the literature. The neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in pediatric patients, however, are not well studied. Acute transverse myelitis is among the neurological manifestations usually reported with viral infections. However, the development of transverse myelitis in pediatric patients following COVID-19 is extremely rare. We report a case of acute transverse myelitis in a previously healthy 11 years old female patient with COVID-19 who was asymptomatic before the onset of weakness.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42486779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.5812/compreped-128132
Meisam Babaei, M. Nasehi, M. Khalilian, Maryam Rasoulinezhad, Hossein Tavallai, Fargol Farahmandi
Background: Distinguishing between seizure and neurally mediated syncope is challenging because of similar consequences and medical history. A head-up tilt test (HUTT) is a non-invasive, simple, and easy test to distinguish between epilepsy and syncope besides detailed history taking. Objectives: This study aimed to differentiate between epileptic events and reflex syncope (any different type of syncope) using the head-upright tilt test. Methods: We studied 59 patients (37 boys and 22 girls) between 4 to 18 years old (mean age, 10.5 ± 3.7 years) with a previous diagnosis of seizure who did not respond well to treatment. All patients underwent HUTT, and the test was positive in 26 patients. There were no significant differences in sex, age, provocative factors, associated syndrome, and family history between negative and positive groups. Results: There was a history of actual syncope in 26.9% of the positive tilt test group compared to 15.15% of the negative test group. Also, there was a positive family history of syncope in the positive tilt test group. Among 26 patients with a positive tilt test, 17 were diagnosed with vasovagal syncope (VVS) vasodepressor type and 9 with mixed type. Antiepileptic drugs were tapered for patients diagnosed with VVS, and they did not show any seizures after 18 ± 6 months of follow-up. Overemphasizing positive family history and inattention to history taking are 2 crucial factors leading to the misdiagnosis of epilepsy. Conclusions: Our study showed that HUTT is a non-invasive test that can be useful, especially for early and proper diagnosis in children with refractory epilepsy.
{"title":"Application of a Head-Up Tilt Table Test in Differentiation Between Epilepsy and Syncope in Children","authors":"Meisam Babaei, M. Nasehi, M. Khalilian, Maryam Rasoulinezhad, Hossein Tavallai, Fargol Farahmandi","doi":"10.5812/compreped-128132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped-128132","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Distinguishing between seizure and neurally mediated syncope is challenging because of similar consequences and medical history. A head-up tilt test (HUTT) is a non-invasive, simple, and easy test to distinguish between epilepsy and syncope besides detailed history taking. Objectives: This study aimed to differentiate between epileptic events and reflex syncope (any different type of syncope) using the head-upright tilt test. Methods: We studied 59 patients (37 boys and 22 girls) between 4 to 18 years old (mean age, 10.5 ± 3.7 years) with a previous diagnosis of seizure who did not respond well to treatment. All patients underwent HUTT, and the test was positive in 26 patients. There were no significant differences in sex, age, provocative factors, associated syndrome, and family history between negative and positive groups. Results: There was a history of actual syncope in 26.9% of the positive tilt test group compared to 15.15% of the negative test group. Also, there was a positive family history of syncope in the positive tilt test group. Among 26 patients with a positive tilt test, 17 were diagnosed with vasovagal syncope (VVS) vasodepressor type and 9 with mixed type. Antiepileptic drugs were tapered for patients diagnosed with VVS, and they did not show any seizures after 18 ± 6 months of follow-up. Overemphasizing positive family history and inattention to history taking are 2 crucial factors leading to the misdiagnosis of epilepsy. Conclusions: Our study showed that HUTT is a non-invasive test that can be useful, especially for early and proper diagnosis in children with refractory epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46446621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.5812/compreped-130095
B. Rezakhaniha, S. Siroosbakht
Background: The penile aged-matched value should be determined to define abnormal penile length. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish novel reference values and flaccid penis length cut-off points for prepubertal children aged 6 - 15 years. Methods: In this study, 300 micropenis children were studied. In order to assess the diagnostic test power, 300 healthy boys were also evaluated as a control group. All children were divided into ten age groups (60 boys in each group). In order to obtain a non-stretched penile length (NSPL) cut-off point, stretched penile length (SPL) and NSPL mean values were separately calculated for each age group. We subtracted these two values to get the mean difference, which was subtracted from the standard SPL cut-off point to obtain the NSPL cut-off point for each age group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were defined to assess diagnostic test power. Results: NSPL cut-off point for the age groups of 6 - 7, 7 - 8, 8 - 9, 9 - 10, 10 - 11, 11 - 12, 12 - 13, 13 - 14, 14 - 15, and 15 - 16 years was 2.8, 2.9, 2.9, 3.8, 3.9, 4.4, 4.2, 4.8, 6.6, and 8.1 cm, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of NSPL were 100% (95% CI, 98.53 - 100.00), 94.66% (95% CI, 89.77 - 96.28), 7.25% (95% CI, 4.64 - 11.16), 100%, and 97.33% (95% CI, 91.09 - 99.59), respectively. The AUC was 0.82, showing that the diagnostic power of the test was good. Conclusions: This study aimed to attain precise reference values of flaccid penis measurement for children. It seemed that the flaccid method is less observer-dependent, more tolerable, and repeatable. It should be mentioned that this new method does not replace the standard SPL method, while utilizing two reference values together can help to detect the size of the penis more accurately, especially in children. The new cut-off point can be used by all primary care practitioners and pediatric nurses as a reference for prepubertal boys to prevent misdiagnosis or overdiagnosis of micropenis.
{"title":"Establishment of Novel Non-stretched Penile Length (Flaccid) Cut-off Point and Normative Data in Iranian Prepubertal Children and its Significance: Observational Analytical Study","authors":"B. Rezakhaniha, S. Siroosbakht","doi":"10.5812/compreped-130095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped-130095","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The penile aged-matched value should be determined to define abnormal penile length. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish novel reference values and flaccid penis length cut-off points for prepubertal children aged 6 - 15 years. Methods: In this study, 300 micropenis children were studied. In order to assess the diagnostic test power, 300 healthy boys were also evaluated as a control group. All children were divided into ten age groups (60 boys in each group). In order to obtain a non-stretched penile length (NSPL) cut-off point, stretched penile length (SPL) and NSPL mean values were separately calculated for each age group. We subtracted these two values to get the mean difference, which was subtracted from the standard SPL cut-off point to obtain the NSPL cut-off point for each age group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were defined to assess diagnostic test power. Results: NSPL cut-off point for the age groups of 6 - 7, 7 - 8, 8 - 9, 9 - 10, 10 - 11, 11 - 12, 12 - 13, 13 - 14, 14 - 15, and 15 - 16 years was 2.8, 2.9, 2.9, 3.8, 3.9, 4.4, 4.2, 4.8, 6.6, and 8.1 cm, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of NSPL were 100% (95% CI, 98.53 - 100.00), 94.66% (95% CI, 89.77 - 96.28), 7.25% (95% CI, 4.64 - 11.16), 100%, and 97.33% (95% CI, 91.09 - 99.59), respectively. The AUC was 0.82, showing that the diagnostic power of the test was good. Conclusions: This study aimed to attain precise reference values of flaccid penis measurement for children. It seemed that the flaccid method is less observer-dependent, more tolerable, and repeatable. It should be mentioned that this new method does not replace the standard SPL method, while utilizing two reference values together can help to detect the size of the penis more accurately, especially in children. The new cut-off point can be used by all primary care practitioners and pediatric nurses as a reference for prepubertal boys to prevent misdiagnosis or overdiagnosis of micropenis.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46544557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a sporadic autosomal dominant disorder with approximately 200 reported cases worldwide. We aimed to report a 15-year-old girl with TRPS type 1 (TRPS1) and the second reported case with a rare non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) in the distal part of her left femur. Case Presentation: We introduce a 15-year-old girl who presented to the outpatient rheumatology clinic at 17 Shahrivar Children's Hospital, Rasht, Iran, with the chief complaint of osteoarticular pain and bone deformities. She had sparse hair, a recession of the fronto-temporal hairline, and unusually thick eyebrows at the medial and abnormal sparseness of the lateral margins. Physical examination of the limbs revealed short fingers and toes with proximal interphalangeal (PIP) ulnar deviation of the second and third fingers in both hands. Shortness of the fourth fingers, especially in the right hand, and the swelling of the PIP joints of both hands were prominent. Genetic analysis showed deletion mutation in the TRPS1 gene in chromosome 8q24 compatible with TRPS1. Conclusions: Several symptoms and signs, including distinctive craniofacial features and ectodermal and skeletal abnormalities, are used for proper TRPS diagnosis. A correct and on-time diagnosis is essential to perform supportive care for the patient to prevent morbidities. Bone lesions, such as NOF1, can also be presented in TRPS1 patients and may be correlated with TRPS1 mutation. Further investigations are required on the association of the TRPS gene with NOF bone lesions.
{"title":"A 15-year-old Girl with Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome Type 1 with Non-ossifying Fibroma in Femur: A Case Report","authors":"Aye Miremarati, Manijeh Tabrizi, Setila Dalili, Seyyedeh Azade Hoseini Nouri","doi":"10.5812/compreped-129461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped-129461","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a sporadic autosomal dominant disorder with approximately 200 reported cases worldwide. We aimed to report a 15-year-old girl with TRPS type 1 (TRPS1) and the second reported case with a rare non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) in the distal part of her left femur. Case Presentation: We introduce a 15-year-old girl who presented to the outpatient rheumatology clinic at 17 Shahrivar Children's Hospital, Rasht, Iran, with the chief complaint of osteoarticular pain and bone deformities. She had sparse hair, a recession of the fronto-temporal hairline, and unusually thick eyebrows at the medial and abnormal sparseness of the lateral margins. Physical examination of the limbs revealed short fingers and toes with proximal interphalangeal (PIP) ulnar deviation of the second and third fingers in both hands. Shortness of the fourth fingers, especially in the right hand, and the swelling of the PIP joints of both hands were prominent. Genetic analysis showed deletion mutation in the TRPS1 gene in chromosome 8q24 compatible with TRPS1. Conclusions: Several symptoms and signs, including distinctive craniofacial features and ectodermal and skeletal abnormalities, are used for proper TRPS diagnosis. A correct and on-time diagnosis is essential to perform supportive care for the patient to prevent morbidities. Bone lesions, such as NOF1, can also be presented in TRPS1 patients and may be correlated with TRPS1 mutation. Further investigations are required on the association of the TRPS gene with NOF bone lesions.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42318040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.5812/compreped-126395
Seyedehzahra Kiyaeimolasaraei, S. Torkzahrani, Padideh Janati, M. Nasiri
Background: Breastfeeding benefits both mother and newborn and plays a significant role in controlling chronic diseases. Fathers' breastfeeding attitude and self-efficacy are their ability to help their partner breastfeed the newborn and appear to be among the factors that affect women’s breastfeeding. Objectives: This correlational descriptive study investigates paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and its relationship with Infant and young child feeding practice three months postpartum. Methods: This study was performed in 2019 on 206 fathers. Fathers waited for the mother and baby outside the postpartum ward and filled out the paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy scale and demographic information questionnaire in the hospital. Three months after delivery, mothers were called and asked about Infant and young child feeding practices. The SPSS software version 23 was used for statistical analysis by the Spearman’s test, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, chi-squared test, and analysis of variance. Results: In the present study, 5.8% of Iranian children used formula feeding at three months of age, 74.3% were exclusively breastfed, and 19.9% received both formula feeding and breast milk. Fathers who participated in antenatal classes had a higher paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy score than the others (P = 0.003). The results showed a significant relationship between paternal cooperation in prenatal care and paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy score (P = 0.001). No correlation was found between paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy scores and infant feeding practices three months after delivery (P = 0.99). Conclusions: Fathers' attendance in antenatal classes and paternal cooperation in prenatal care can increase paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy.
{"title":"Paternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice Three Months Postpartum","authors":"Seyedehzahra Kiyaeimolasaraei, S. Torkzahrani, Padideh Janati, M. Nasiri","doi":"10.5812/compreped-126395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped-126395","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breastfeeding benefits both mother and newborn and plays a significant role in controlling chronic diseases. Fathers' breastfeeding attitude and self-efficacy are their ability to help their partner breastfeed the newborn and appear to be among the factors that affect women’s breastfeeding. Objectives: This correlational descriptive study investigates paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and its relationship with Infant and young child feeding practice three months postpartum. Methods: This study was performed in 2019 on 206 fathers. Fathers waited for the mother and baby outside the postpartum ward and filled out the paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy scale and demographic information questionnaire in the hospital. Three months after delivery, mothers were called and asked about Infant and young child feeding practices. The SPSS software version 23 was used for statistical analysis by the Spearman’s test, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, chi-squared test, and analysis of variance. Results: In the present study, 5.8% of Iranian children used formula feeding at three months of age, 74.3% were exclusively breastfed, and 19.9% received both formula feeding and breast milk. Fathers who participated in antenatal classes had a higher paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy score than the others (P = 0.003). The results showed a significant relationship between paternal cooperation in prenatal care and paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy score (P = 0.001). No correlation was found between paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy scores and infant feeding practices three months after delivery (P = 0.99). Conclusions: Fathers' attendance in antenatal classes and paternal cooperation in prenatal care can increase paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45945436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.5812/compreped-120827
F. Soheilipour, M. Pishgahroudsari, A. Pazouki
Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are public health concerns. It is essential to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity for effective planning and efficient use of resources in the health system. Objectives: The present study’s objective was to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 8 to 12 years in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 829 primary school children in Tehran were included. An investigator administered a checklist to collect the relevant data, and anthropometric measurements were performed using standard procedures. We used the World Health Organization’s (WHO) child growth standards to assess overweight and obesity among children. The Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variables, and statistical significance was confirmed at P < 0.05. Results: Of the students, 366 (44.1%) were boys, and 463 (55.9%) were girls. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 20.6% and 14.6%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was higher among boys than among girls (19.4% vs. 10.8%); the highest prevalence of obesity was observed among 9-year-old children. No relationship was identified between the type of school and the prevalence of obesity (P = 0.33). Conclusions: Childhood overweight and obesity were relatively prevalent among 8 - 12-year-old children. So, obesity should be considered a serious health problem in Tehran, requiring more care and interventions to prevent an epidemic of obesity among Iranian children.
{"title":"Overweight and Obesity Prevalence in Iranian Children Aged 8 - 12 Years; A Study in Tehran","authors":"F. Soheilipour, M. Pishgahroudsari, A. Pazouki","doi":"10.5812/compreped-120827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped-120827","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are public health concerns. It is essential to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity for effective planning and efficient use of resources in the health system. Objectives: The present study’s objective was to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 8 to 12 years in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 829 primary school children in Tehran were included. An investigator administered a checklist to collect the relevant data, and anthropometric measurements were performed using standard procedures. We used the World Health Organization’s (WHO) child growth standards to assess overweight and obesity among children. The Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variables, and statistical significance was confirmed at P < 0.05. Results: Of the students, 366 (44.1%) were boys, and 463 (55.9%) were girls. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 20.6% and 14.6%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was higher among boys than among girls (19.4% vs. 10.8%); the highest prevalence of obesity was observed among 9-year-old children. No relationship was identified between the type of school and the prevalence of obesity (P = 0.33). Conclusions: Childhood overweight and obesity were relatively prevalent among 8 - 12-year-old children. So, obesity should be considered a serious health problem in Tehran, requiring more care and interventions to prevent an epidemic of obesity among Iranian children.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44218397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.5812/compreped-123944
A. Homaei, Maaz Alhadad, B. Arad, F. Saffari
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent form of liver disease in children, defined as the infiltration of fat into more than 5% of liver cells with metabolic syndrome consisting of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. Objectives: This study aimed to assay the effect of metformin or vitamin E on ultrasonographic grade and biochemical findings of children and adolescents with NAFLD. Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 150 non-diabetic obese children with NAFLD in the age range of 10 to 14 in Qazvin, Iran, during 2018 - 2019. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 was treated with metformin at a dose of 500 mg twice daily for three months; group 2 received vitamin E at a dose of 400 units twice daily; and group 3 received a placebo. In addition, all the three groups were given the same proper diet and advised to increase their physical activity. SPSS software version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: After the intervention, in groups receiving metformin and vitamin E, the grades of fatty liver decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the decrease was more significant in the group receiving metformin. Conclusions: Insulin resistance is one of the critical factors in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. By reducing insulin resistance with drug treatment, desirable results can be achieved.
{"title":"Effect of Metformin or Vitamin E on Ultrasonographic Grade and Biochemical Findings of Children and Adolescents with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"A. Homaei, Maaz Alhadad, B. Arad, F. Saffari","doi":"10.5812/compreped-123944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped-123944","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent form of liver disease in children, defined as the infiltration of fat into more than 5% of liver cells with metabolic syndrome consisting of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. Objectives: This study aimed to assay the effect of metformin or vitamin E on ultrasonographic grade and biochemical findings of children and adolescents with NAFLD. Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 150 non-diabetic obese children with NAFLD in the age range of 10 to 14 in Qazvin, Iran, during 2018 - 2019. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 was treated with metformin at a dose of 500 mg twice daily for three months; group 2 received vitamin E at a dose of 400 units twice daily; and group 3 received a placebo. In addition, all the three groups were given the same proper diet and advised to increase their physical activity. SPSS software version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: After the intervention, in groups receiving metformin and vitamin E, the grades of fatty liver decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the decrease was more significant in the group receiving metformin. Conclusions: Insulin resistance is one of the critical factors in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. By reducing insulin resistance with drug treatment, desirable results can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41435426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.5812/compreped-117326
M. Akhavan Sepahi, Reza Razavi
Context: Lowe syndrome (LS) is a very uncommon syndrome that causes the death of young patients due to kidney diseases. This narrative review aimed to assess the clinical manifestations of LS, mainly the novel investigations of LS, to provide an update on the clinical manifestations improving the misdiagnosis of LS. Methods: For this narrative review, the articles from several sources, including Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Directory of Open Access Journals, were used. Discussion: This syndrome is heredity and a multiple system disorder with the three main symptoms of renal tubular dysfunction, mental retardation, and cataracts. Other features include growth retardation, behavioral problems, stereotypical behavior, areflexia, severe muscular hypotonia, intellectual disability, nontender joint swelling, subcutaneous nodules, potassium loss, sodium loss, renal dysfunction, aminoaciduria, bicarbonaturia, and low-molecular-weight proteinuria. An X-linked recessive pattern inherits this syndrome. The hereditary transmission of this syndrome is X-linked recessive. Conclusions: It is essential to investigate the diverse clinical manifestations of LS. The prognosis and severity of the disease have not yet been determined. It is recommended to perform extensive general studies on the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of this syndrome.
背景：Lowe综合征（LS）是一种非常罕见的综合征，可导致年轻患者死于肾脏疾病。这篇叙述性综述旨在评估LS的临床表现，主要是LS的新研究，以提供临床表现的最新情况，改善LS的误诊。方法：在这篇叙述式综述中，使用了来自多个来源的文章，包括Scopus、Google Scholar、Embase、Web of Science、PubMed和开放获取期刊目录。讨论：该综合征是一种遗传性多系统疾病，主要症状有肾小管功能障碍、智力迟钝和白内障。其他特征包括生长迟缓、行为问题、刻板行为、灵活性减退、严重肌肉张力减退、智力残疾、非末端关节肿胀、皮下结节、钾丢失、钠丢失、肾功能障碍、氨基酸尿、碳酸氢盐和低分子量蛋白尿。X连锁隐性遗传型遗传该综合征。该综合征的遗传性传播是X连锁隐性遗传。结论：研究LS的多种临床表现是至关重要的。该疾病的预后和严重程度尚未确定。建议对该综合征的患病率、诊断和管理进行广泛的一般性研究。
{"title":"An Update on the Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome of Lowe: A Review Article","authors":"M. Akhavan Sepahi, Reza Razavi","doi":"10.5812/compreped-117326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped-117326","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Lowe syndrome (LS) is a very uncommon syndrome that causes the death of young patients due to kidney diseases. This narrative review aimed to assess the clinical manifestations of LS, mainly the novel investigations of LS, to provide an update on the clinical manifestations improving the misdiagnosis of LS. Methods: For this narrative review, the articles from several sources, including Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Directory of Open Access Journals, were used. Discussion: This syndrome is heredity and a multiple system disorder with the three main symptoms of renal tubular dysfunction, mental retardation, and cataracts. Other features include growth retardation, behavioral problems, stereotypical behavior, areflexia, severe muscular hypotonia, intellectual disability, nontender joint swelling, subcutaneous nodules, potassium loss, sodium loss, renal dysfunction, aminoaciduria, bicarbonaturia, and low-molecular-weight proteinuria. An X-linked recessive pattern inherits this syndrome. The hereditary transmission of this syndrome is X-linked recessive. Conclusions: It is essential to investigate the diverse clinical manifestations of LS. The prognosis and severity of the disease have not yet been determined. It is recommended to perform extensive general studies on the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of this syndrome.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47531368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.5812/compreped-124204
Mahdi Mazandarani, Ali Ahani Azari, Narges Lashkarbolouk, Lobat Shahkar
Introduction: Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenital condition that is usually presented in two major types, the infantile type as a severe condition with a poor outcome (median age: 2 months) and the adult type with a better condition and good outcome. It also has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, from being asymptomatic in the adult type to cardiac and respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension in the infantile type. Case Presentation: In this case report, we present a 43-day-old female case referred to Taleghani Children Hospital, Gorgan, Iran, with respiratory symptoms. In a physical examination, the case had a grade II/VI murmur, dextrocardia, and respiratory distress. In evaluations, the patient had severe stenosis proximal to the left common carotid artery after its origin. The heart and mediastinum were displaced to the right side, and the thoracic aorta was normal in size and orientation. bovine type of supra-aortic arch branches in the left-sided aortic arch, hypoplasia of the right upper lobe with severe hypoplasia of the right lower lobe were seen as well. There was sequestration adjacent to the right lower lobe with a dual feeder artery directly from the abdominal aorta and celiac branch and dual draining veins. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection was detected in the neck, and mediastinal computed tomography (CT) angiography with reconstructed views.. Bronchoscopy revealed right main bronchus hypoplasia and right lower lobe hypoplasia. Then, with the help of angiography, scimitar syndrome diagnosis was confirmed for the patient. Conclusions: Although scimitar syndrome is an uncommon condition, it has serious complications and poor outcomes in some patients. It is necessary to be aware of this rare congenital condition and use helpful methods, such as CT angiography and angiography, to confirm the diagnosis.
{"title":"Scimitar Syndrome in a Newborn","authors":"Mahdi Mazandarani, Ali Ahani Azari, Narges Lashkarbolouk, Lobat Shahkar","doi":"10.5812/compreped-124204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped-124204","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenital condition that is usually presented in two major types, the infantile type as a severe condition with a poor outcome (median age: 2 months) and the adult type with a better condition and good outcome. It also has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, from being asymptomatic in the adult type to cardiac and respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension in the infantile type. Case Presentation: In this case report, we present a 43-day-old female case referred to Taleghani Children Hospital, Gorgan, Iran, with respiratory symptoms. In a physical examination, the case had a grade II/VI murmur, dextrocardia, and respiratory distress. In evaluations, the patient had severe stenosis proximal to the left common carotid artery after its origin. The heart and mediastinum were displaced to the right side, and the thoracic aorta was normal in size and orientation. bovine type of supra-aortic arch branches in the left-sided aortic arch, hypoplasia of the right upper lobe with severe hypoplasia of the right lower lobe were seen as well. There was sequestration adjacent to the right lower lobe with a dual feeder artery directly from the abdominal aorta and celiac branch and dual draining veins. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection was detected in the neck, and mediastinal computed tomography (CT) angiography with reconstructed views.. Bronchoscopy revealed right main bronchus hypoplasia and right lower lobe hypoplasia. Then, with the help of angiography, scimitar syndrome diagnosis was confirmed for the patient. Conclusions: Although scimitar syndrome is an uncommon condition, it has serious complications and poor outcomes in some patients. It is necessary to be aware of this rare congenital condition and use helpful methods, such as CT angiography and angiography, to confirm the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45709633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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