Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Tuberculosis infection control in MDR-TB designated hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China","authors":"Honghuan Song ,&nbsp;Guoli Li ,&nbsp;Zhuping Xu ,&nbsp;Feixian Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Wang ,&nbsp;Bing Dai ,&nbsp;Xing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jincheng Li ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Limei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hospital-acquired Tuberculosis (TB) infections among healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients present a significant challenge due to the increased risk of TB infection within healthcare settings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A standardized assessment tool was applied for the evaluation, which involved direct observation, document review, and interviews with facility heads. A baseline evaluation of TB infection control (TBIC) measures in TB outpatient and inpatient departments, as well as laboratories, was completed by January 2019. Based on the results, a comprehensive intervention package was implemented, incorporating a three-tiered hierarchy of controls: administrative control (AC), environmental control (EC), and respiratory protection (RP). Subsequent monitoring was conducted quarterly, with corrective actions accordingly. More than two years of follow-up data were collected, with the collaboration of local hospitals, the municipality Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Jiangsu Provincial CDC, concluding on August 31, 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, the average implementation rates of AC, EC and RP were 57.3 %, 59.2 %, and 66.6 %, respectively. After the intervention, significant improvements were observed in key infection control measures. A triage process for cough patients was established, mechanical ventilation systems were installed, and the use of masks was improved. In addition, ultraviolet (UV) and upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems were installed where required. As a result, the average implementation rates of AC, EC and RP significantly increased to 86.3 %, 87.4 %, and 98.4 % (P &lt; 0.05), respectively. However, at the study’s conclusion, Suzhou Fifth People’s Hospital reported a lower AC implementation rate of 70.7 %, while Changzhou Third People’s Hospital had an EC implementation rate of 68.1 %. These discrepancies were primarily attributed to suboptimal architectural designs that hindered proper ventilation in the wards.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that designated hospitals still face persistent gaps in tuberculosis infection control (TBIC). However, over the course of one and a half years of targeted and standardized interventions, substantial improvements in TBIC practices were achieved across most participating institutions. Despite the suboptimal availability of dedicated TB wards, strengthening TBIC measures remains crucial to reducing TB transmission among healthcare workers and non-TB patients. This approach is both practical and scalable, particularly in high-burden TB settings. Nevertheless, the long-term efficacy and sustainability of these TBIC practices warrant ongoing evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in Saudi children from a tertiary care hospital perspective","authors":"Norah Abukhalid ,&nbsp;Nabeel Alzahrani ,&nbsp;Khaled Alsager ,&nbsp;Banan Alsowailmi ,&nbsp;Amjad Albawardi","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a case series of six children who were infected with different species of<!--> <!-->Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and <em>Mycobacterium riyadhense</em> was the most prevalent isolate representing 50% of the total pathogens. Four of the reported cases were immunocompromised with disseminated NTM diseases and two were infected with <em>M. avium</em>, <em>M. abscessus</em>, and the other two infected with <em>M. riyadhense</em>. Most patients responded to medical therapy, except for the <em>M. avium</em> case, which was fatal despite combination therapy. Due to the presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall of NTM isolates, prolonged combination therapy is required for treatment, and in some cases, natural resistance may also emerge<del>.</del> Most of the patients reported in our study were immunocompetent. This suggests that NTM can infect children at various body sites regardless of immune status. We highlighted our experience in diagnosing and treating these patients, with special attention to <em>M. riyadhense</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with latent tuberculosis infection: A 5-year follow-up study","authors":"Yiling Zhang ,&nbsp;Gengmin Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongli Wang ,&nbsp;Qingwen Wang ,&nbsp;Guofang Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a higher incidence of tuberculosis (TB)infection compared to the general healthy population. The use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents for SLE management further elevates TB risk. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in SLE patients and explore risk factors for progression to active TB (ATB) in those with concurrent SLE and LTBI. We conducted a retrospective analysis of SLE patients treated at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, between 2014 and 2023. During a five − year follow − up period, LTBI was detected in 122 patients (24.11%). Of these, 11 individuals (all from the subgroup of 108 patients who did not receive tuberculosis preventive treatment [TPT]) progressed to ATB. A comparative analysis between the 11 ATB cases and 111 non-progressing LTBI patients revealed significant differences: ATB cases showed higher cyclophosphamide (CTX) usage, elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, and less frequent hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)administration. These findings underscore the need for regular monitoring during prolonged CTX therapy, especially in moderate-to-high TB burden regions, and highlight the potential protective role of HCQ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OMNIgene.SPUTUM for transporting sputum in ambient temperature for tuberculosis testing: Bangladesh experience","authors":"Senjuti Kabir ,&nbsp;Sabrina Choudhury ,&nbsp;Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin ,&nbsp;M.D. Fahim Ather ,&nbsp;Syed Mohammad Mazidur Rahman ,&nbsp;Pronab Kumar Modak ,&nbsp;Mohammad Samsuddoha Sarker Shanchay ,&nbsp;Tanjina Rahman ,&nbsp;Shahriar Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sayera Banu","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Performance of OMNIgene.SPUTUM (OM-S) for transporting sputum was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This exploratory study was conducted during January-December 2019 at four near and one distant healthcare-facilities of Dhaka. Smear-positive pulmonary TB patients’ sputa were collected, divided into ‘OM-S untreated’ and ‘OM-S treated’ portions, and transported to testing laboratory, Dhaka, on same-day from near-sites, and through courier from distant-site for smear-microscopy, culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) testing. Subset of ‘OM-S treated’ sample was tested with Xpert without centrifugation. Test results of all portions were compared in between.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Total 444 participants were enrolled (near-sites:198, distant-site: 246). All test results were comparable in both portions for near-sites. For distant-site, smear-microscopy’s positivity was reduced by 4.1 % in ‘OM-S treated’, Xpert showed 100 % concordance in both portions, and culture was higher in ‘OM-S treated’ than ‘OM-S untreated’ (92.3 % vs 89.4 %; p = 0.288). Primary contamination rate in ‘OM-S treated’ was lower than ‘OM-S untreated’ (2.0 % vs 9.8 %; p &lt; 0.05). For all sites, median (IQR) time-to-culture positivity was 35 (28, 42) days in both portions. Xpert positivity was 99 % concordant in ‘OM-S treated’ regardless of centrifugation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>OM-S is safe for sputum transportation. OM-S mixed sputum can be tested with Xpert and culture. Further studies can validate findings and assess cost-effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the role for Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR testing from stool samples","authors":"James T. Gaensbauer ,&nbsp;Seanne P. Buckwalter ,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Solon ,&nbsp;Jaime Montoya ,&nbsp;Concepcion F. Ang ,&nbsp;Vera S. Antonios ,&nbsp;Nancy L. Wengenack ,&nbsp;Irene Sia","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100551","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for purifying and concentrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens: The double-membrane filtration and concentration method (DMFCM)","authors":"Dingyi Liu ,&nbsp;Wenjing Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Hou ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Gao ,&nbsp;Wenzhao Xu ,&nbsp;Tong Liang ,&nbsp;Zhaogang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that poses a global hazard to public health. Clinically, the small number and low concentration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (<em>M.tb</em>) in some specimens make TB difficult to detect in the laboratory and affect the sensitivity of diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>M.tb</em> in clinical sputum specimens was purified and concentrated using the double membrane filtration concentration method (DMFCM), which was compared with existing methods and evaluated for application.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DMFCM removes 40–80% of impurities from 80.53% of specimens while concentrating <em>M.tb</em> by up to 3.366 times. In microscopy examination, compared with the direct smear method (DSM), the sensitivity with DMFCM of the test was increased from 58.33% to 73.61%. For quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), the positive rate of the sputum specimens treated with the DMFCM (37/42) was higher than that treated with centrifugation (35/42). In terms of cultures, treatment of sputum specimens with DMFCM reduced the time required to determine a positive result to 75% of the time required compared to the MGIT 960 liquid cultures, and increased the rate of positivity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The <em>M.tb</em> in the culture solution after DMFCM treatment is purer and more concentrated, which can effectively improve the positive rate of detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in disseminated tuberculosis with bone marrow involvement and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case report and literature review","authors":"Seulki Kim ,&nbsp;A Reum Kim ,&nbsp;Seungjin Lim ,&nbsp;Su Jin Lee ,&nbsp;Moonsuk Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB)-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and potentially fatal condition characterized by a hyperinflammatory response. Bone marrow TB poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, often leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Here, we report a case of disseminated TB with bone marrow involvement, characterized by unexplained fever, pancytopenia, liver dysfunction, and associated hemophagocytosis.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 37-year-old woman with a history of diabetes, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease presented with unexplained fever, pancytopenia, and liver dysfunction. A diagnosis of disseminated TB with bone marrow involvement associated with HLH was established based on findings of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, along with transjugular liver biopsy. Three months after anti-TB treatment, she developed a paradoxical upgrading reaction, for which she was treated with steroids for 5 weeks. The patient was successfully treated with anti-TB drugs and steroids. However, the pancytopenia persisted. A bone marrow biopsy was performed 14 months after the diagnosis. Nonetheless, there was no evidence of TB or any hematological abnormalities. Through our literature review, we summarized diagnostic findings, treatment, and clinical outcomes for 42 patients diagnosed with bone marrow tuberculosis with or without HLH.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The diagnosis and treatment of disseminated TB-associated HLH are challenging. Early recognition, use of all available diagnostic approaches, and individualized treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing the risk of developing multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Northeast Thailand","authors":"Nion Leeka ,&nbsp;Wongsa Laohasiriwong ,&nbsp;Roshan Kumar Mahato ,&nbsp;Kittiporn Amprarat ,&nbsp;Seksan Chaisuksant","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to identify the factors influencing Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Northeast Thailand.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A case-control study was conducted by reviewing medical record and collecting primary data using a structured questionnaire. The study population comprised the case group of patients with MDR-TB and the control group consisted of other pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 18 years and over with ratio 1 case: 3 controls. The factors influencing MDR-TB in the Northeast of Thailand were identified by multivariable analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed that the majority of the cases and controls were males (73.79 % and 59.87 %, respectively) with mean ages of 50.50 years and 56.30 years. Cases had more moderate self-care behaviors (40.78 %) compared with controls (17.15 %). Nearly half (48.54 %) of the cases had a limited level of health literacy. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that education level (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) = 1.12; 95 % CI = 1.14–1.96, p = 0.04), average monthly family income (AOR = 1.78; 95 % CI = 1.19–2.97, p = 0.01), number of windows (AOR = 2.03; 95 % CI = 1.34–3.91, p = 0.001), being diagnosed with tuberculosis two or more times (AOR = 4.63; 95 % CI = 2.51–12.35, p &lt; 0.001), poor attitude towards tuberculosis illness (AOR = 1.32; 95 % CI = 1.05–2.48, p = 0.03), mild to moderate self-care behavior levels (AOR = 1.47; 95 % CI = 1.14–3.05, p &lt; 0.001), and inadequate to problematic levels of health literacy (AOR = 2.11; 95 % CI = 1.36–3.63, p &lt; 0.001) were significant determinants of MDR-TB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study concluded that education level, monthly family income, number of windows, recurrence of TB diagnosis, attitude towards TB illness, self-care behavior level and limited health literacy level were risk factors of MDR-TB. Inadequate health literacy was particularly associated with a high risk of developing MDR-TB. In order to increase treatment success rates, the results from this study should be used to improve targeted interventions and health education strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of mindful meditation in adjunct to a pulmonary rehabilitation program in improving functional capacity and quality of life in post-treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A randomized controlled trial (Study Protocol)","authors":"Bhakti Chavhan,&nbsp;Lajwanti Lalwani","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Post-treated pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) frequently leads to long-term impairments in lung function, endurance, and mental well-being. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs aim to restore functional capacity but may not sufficiently address psychological distress. Mindful meditation, when integrated with PR, may offer enhanced recovery by addressing both physical and emotional deficits [1,2].</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We plan to conduct this study at a single hospital, where 51 people who recently completed TB treatment will be invited to participate. Each person will be randomly placed into one of two groups. One group will follow a regular rehab program, while the other will follow the same program with added daily meditation sessions. The rehab will last for four weeks. We’ll check each person’s walking ability and quality of life [5,6], and also note changes in their breathing, oxygen levels, and vital signs [7].</div><div>Expected Results: People who do both meditation and rehab are likely to feel and function better than those who only do rehab. We hope this combined approach gives more balanced physical and mental recovery [<span><span>1</span></span>,<span><span>2</span></span>].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>If adding meditation works well, it could become part of rehab for others recovering from TB. This might help patients feel more energetic and positive after their illness [<span><span>3</span></span>,<span><span>4</span></span>].</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in The Netherlands, an epidemiologic overview, 1993–2022","authors":"Frouke A. Procee ,&nbsp;Jizzo R. Bosdriesz ,&nbsp;Frank G.J. Cobelens ,&nbsp;Maria Prins ,&nbsp;Sabine M. Hermans ,&nbsp;Anton E. Kunst","doi":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in low-incidence settings like the Netherlands. Despite declining overall tuberculosis (TB) incidence, the proportion of EPTB has risen, especially among migrant populations. This study examines sociodemographic, migration-related, and clinical factors associated with EPTB from 1993 to 2022 to inform TB diagnostics and care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective quantitative analysis of 34,048 TB patients reported to the Netherlands Tuberculosis Registry (1993–2022) was conducted. Logistic regression was used to identify associations with EPTB. Temporal trends in EPTB and pulmonary TB (PTB) were evaluated, including stratification by age, country of birth, and duration of residency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the study period, the proportion of EPTB rose from 37 % to 50 %. EPTB was more common in women (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.53; 95 % CI 1.45–1.62) and children under 14 years (aOR 2.83; 95 % CI 2.46–3.24). Foreign-born individuals, particularly from India, Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Pakistan, had higher odds of EPTB compared to Dutch-born individuals (aOR range: 2.33–3.86). EPTB was also associated with HIV infection (aOR 1.73; 95 % CI 1.43–2.11) but inversely related to social risk factors like homelessness and problem substance use. TB was notably frequently diagnosed among individuals residing in the Netherlands for over 10 years, more often EPTB than PTB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The rising proportion of EPTB underscores the need for targeted interventions, particularly for high-risk groups such as women, children and migrants. Enhanced screening, early detection, and preventive strategies, especially for tuberculosis infection (TBI) are critical to reducing EPTB morbidity and mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}