An improved proof is presented for a theorem on search algorithms which find minimal cost paths in a graph. The theorem essentially states that when searching for a minimal cost path in a graph, a more informed search algorithm expands fewer nodes than a less-informed algorithm. The proof does not require that the consistency assumption hold—an assumption that is necessary in the proof presented previously.
{"title":"Reconsideration of a theorem on admissible ordered search algorithms","authors":"M. Newborn","doi":"10.1145/800191.805660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800191.805660","url":null,"abstract":"An improved proof is presented for a theorem on search algorithms which find minimal cost paths in a graph. The theorem essentially states that when searching for a minimal cost path in a graph, a more informed search algorithm expands fewer nodes than a less-informed algorithm. The proof does not require that the consistency assumption hold—an assumption that is necessary in the proof presented previously.","PeriodicalId":379505,"journal":{"name":"ACM '76","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114824995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Just as one-way streets sometimes make it inconvenient to get from here to there, the primitiveness of computer operations and the procrustean inflexibility of systems and devices can make it difficult to get from having an information-processing problem to having a computer's solution to it. Conventional architecture is a one-way street which makes it easy to solve a very limited class of problems and difficult to solve the rest. Conventional architecture reflects itself into programming languages and into the way in which we use computers. If we attack current deficiencies by changing architecture, then we can expect monumental changes to be required in software and methods of use as well. It has been suggested that computers which are simply much faster and much cheaper will relieve the difficulties. Speed and economy do nothing to relieve the primitiveness and inflexibility of computers. They merely make the cost of such agony smaller and available to more people.
{"title":"Unconventional architecture","authors":"W. Wilner","doi":"10.1145/800191.805582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800191.805582","url":null,"abstract":"Just as one-way streets sometimes make it inconvenient to get from here to there, the primitiveness of computer operations and the procrustean inflexibility of systems and devices can make it difficult to get from having an information-processing problem to having a computer's solution to it. Conventional architecture is a one-way street which makes it easy to solve a very limited class of problems and difficult to solve the rest.\u0000 Conventional architecture reflects itself into programming languages and into the way in which we use computers. If we attack current deficiencies by changing architecture, then we can expect monumental changes to be required in software and methods of use as well.\u0000 It has been suggested that computers which are simply much faster and much cheaper will relieve the difficulties. Speed and economy do nothing to relieve the primitiveness and inflexibility of computers. They merely make the cost of such agony smaller and available to more people.","PeriodicalId":379505,"journal":{"name":"ACM '76","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114931171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lane, Henry K. Hess, C. A. Roberts, Ray J. Jakubek, Steve Silverstein, J. V. Ornum
An intelligent key to disc data entry system, aircraft digital flight recorders and a peripheral processor controlling telecommunications equipment provide specific examples of bringing computer power to non-programmers, of defining potential mini/micro computer applications and of engineering mini/micro computer software.
{"title":"SIGMINI (Paper Session)","authors":"M. Lane, Henry K. Hess, C. A. Roberts, Ray J. Jakubek, Steve Silverstein, J. V. Ornum","doi":"10.1145/800191.805592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800191.805592","url":null,"abstract":"An intelligent key to disc data entry system, aircraft digital flight recorders and a peripheral processor controlling telecommunications equipment provide specific examples of bringing computer power to non-programmers, of defining potential mini/micro computer applications and of engineering mini/micro computer software.","PeriodicalId":379505,"journal":{"name":"ACM '76","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122562497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Merten, F. Maryanski, P. Fisher, V. Wallentine, Adele Mildred Koss, J. M. Noonan, S. B. Yao
Data base technology has progressed to the stage where software facilities for managing large amounts of data are readily available. This session will address several issues related to the design of effective and efficient data bases. The issues to be addressed are the following: (1) The efficiency of a custom-built DBMS vs. the efficiency of vendor-supplied DBMSs. (2) The use of analytic models as an aid in selecting physical data base structures. (3) The use of a separate machine to manage a data base.
{"title":"SIGMOD(Paper Session)","authors":"A. Merten, F. Maryanski, P. Fisher, V. Wallentine, Adele Mildred Koss, J. M. Noonan, S. B. Yao","doi":"10.1145/800191.805600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800191.805600","url":null,"abstract":"Data base technology has progressed to the stage where software facilities for managing large amounts of data are readily available. This session will address several issues related to the design of effective and efficient data bases. The issues to be addressed are the following:\u0000 (1) The efficiency of a custom-built DBMS vs. the efficiency of vendor-supplied DBMSs.\u0000 (2) The use of analytic models as an aid in selecting physical data base structures.\u0000 (3) The use of a separate machine to manage a data base.","PeriodicalId":379505,"journal":{"name":"ACM '76","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123191637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In static program analysis, a program is examined without execution in an attempt to anticipate possible sources of error. Possible errors detected in this way can rarely be considered certain to occur because of the impossibility of infallibly determining the executability of a given program path. Current heuristic systems for making this determination are costly and uncertain. Hence the use of allegations—user supplied unverifiable statements designed to provide answers to executability questions—is suggested.
{"title":"Allegations as aids to static program testing","authors":"L. Osterweil","doi":"10.1145/800191.805645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800191.805645","url":null,"abstract":"In static program analysis, a program is examined without execution in an attempt to anticipate possible sources of error. Possible errors detected in this way can rarely be considered certain to occur because of the impossibility of infallibly determining the executability of a given program path. Current heuristic systems for making this determination are costly and uncertain. Hence the use of allegations—user supplied unverifiable statements designed to provide answers to executability questions—is suggested.","PeriodicalId":379505,"journal":{"name":"ACM '76","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131360257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stuart D. Milner, Karl L. Zinn, R. Parnes, Helen Hench, T. A. Dwyer, H. Abelson
A provocative session on computer-based learning and communication environments will be sponsored by SIGCUE. Presentations on innovative uses of computers in education will include: computer-based conferencing as a resource and medium (Karl Zinn, et al); a model for advanced applications of computing technology and an accompanying film (Thomas Dwyer); and a description of the use of graphics in elementary mathematics instruction (Harold Abelson).
{"title":"SIGCUE (Paper Session)","authors":"Stuart D. Milner, Karl L. Zinn, R. Parnes, Helen Hench, T. A. Dwyer, H. Abelson","doi":"10.1145/800191.805558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800191.805558","url":null,"abstract":"A provocative session on computer-based learning and communication environments will be sponsored by SIGCUE. Presentations on innovative uses of computers in education will include: computer-based conferencing as a resource and medium (Karl Zinn, et al); a model for advanced applications of computing technology and an accompanying film (Thomas Dwyer); and a description of the use of graphics in elementary mathematics instruction (Harold Abelson).","PeriodicalId":379505,"journal":{"name":"ACM '76","volume":"1993 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125543436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert P. Abbott, Wayne Bouchet, Roland Eppley, Randolph Lively, J. Leeds, R. Kling, P. Armer
During the last decade electronic funds transfer systems (EFTS) technologies have developed from armchair discussions of “checkless/cashless” societies to the less glamorous, but more concrete implementation of specific technologies such as credit verification systems, automatic tellers, and electronic transfer of credit card drafts. The panel will discuss the problems and prospects of EFTS from a variety of viewpoints.
{"title":"SIGCAS (Panel Session)","authors":"Robert P. Abbott, Wayne Bouchet, Roland Eppley, Randolph Lively, J. Leeds, R. Kling, P. Armer","doi":"10.1145/800191.805546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800191.805546","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade electronic funds transfer systems (EFTS) technologies have developed from armchair discussions of “checkless/cashless” societies to the less glamorous, but more concrete implementation of specific technologies such as credit verification systems, automatic tellers, and electronic transfer of credit card drafts. The panel will discuss the problems and prospects of EFTS from a variety of viewpoints.","PeriodicalId":379505,"journal":{"name":"ACM '76","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121096292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses flight recorders, particularly the digital flight data recorder. It includes an illustration of how this device provided data to National Transportation Safety Board investigators which, for the first time, proved that wind shear was a primary factor in an air carrier accident. It also discusses the need for technological development in the area of flight recorder systems, particularly in reducing costs, and in increasing reliability and maintainability of such systems, and in the development of compact, light weight, and inexpensive recorders for use in lighter jets and turboprop airplanes.
{"title":"Flight recorders and aircraft safety","authors":"C. A. Roberts","doi":"10.1145/800191.805594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800191.805594","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses flight recorders, particularly the digital flight data recorder. It includes an illustration of how this device provided data to National Transportation Safety Board investigators which, for the first time, proved that wind shear was a primary factor in an air carrier accident. It also discusses the need for technological development in the area of flight recorder systems, particularly in reducing costs, and in increasing reliability and maintainability of such systems, and in the development of compact, light weight, and inexpensive recorders for use in lighter jets and turboprop airplanes.","PeriodicalId":379505,"journal":{"name":"ACM '76","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133202933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of studies at the University of Michigan has explored information systems as a basis for learning environments (Zinn, 1974). Currently staff at the Center for Research on Learning and Teaching (CRLT) is looking at educational uses of computer-based conferencing, for example, computer-based seminars and computer-assisted curriculum development. Departments trying other uses, for example, computer-based committee work and computer-aided proposal preparation, find the basic software developed at CRLT to be applicable. However, some of the procedures described here are modified for the various purposes. A paper now in preparation by the same authors reports the history of computer-based conferencing at the University of Michigan. In brief, the activity did not become practical until the spring of 1975 when the CONFER I program (in Fortran) was completed by Robert Parnes. The conferencing software did not receive much use outside the circle of people interested in the software development until CONFER II became operational in the fall. A year of experience provides clear indication of the scope of conferencing applications and the resources needed for effective use. The first section of this note gives a rationale for the use of computer assistance in seminars, curriculum development and other educational activity. It concludes with a checklist intended for the potential organizer of a conference. The second section provides data on phase one of a study of conferencing applied in seminars and individual study. The third section discusses costs, time commitments and benefits. A fourth section describes implications of computer-based educational communications for the University of Michigan.
{"title":"Computer-based educational communications at the University of Michigan","authors":"Karl L. Zinn, R. Parnes, Helen Hench","doi":"10.1145/800191.805559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800191.805559","url":null,"abstract":"A series of studies at the University of Michigan has explored information systems as a basis for learning environments (Zinn, 1974). Currently staff at the Center for Research on Learning and Teaching (CRLT) is looking at educational uses of computer-based conferencing, for example, computer-based seminars and computer-assisted curriculum development. Departments trying other uses, for example, computer-based committee work and computer-aided proposal preparation, find the basic software developed at CRLT to be applicable. However, some of the procedures described here are modified for the various purposes.\u0000 A paper now in preparation by the same authors reports the history of computer-based conferencing at the University of Michigan. In brief, the activity did not become practical until the spring of 1975 when the CONFER I program (in Fortran) was completed by Robert Parnes. The conferencing software did not receive much use outside the circle of people interested in the software development until CONFER II became operational in the fall. A year of experience provides clear indication of the scope of conferencing applications and the resources needed for effective use.\u0000 The first section of this note gives a rationale for the use of computer assistance in seminars, curriculum development and other educational activity. It concludes with a checklist intended for the potential organizer of a conference. The second section provides data on phase one of a study of conferencing applied in seminars and individual study. The third section discusses costs, time commitments and benefits. A fourth section describes implications of computer-based educational communications for the University of Michigan.","PeriodicalId":379505,"journal":{"name":"ACM '76","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114600916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a program for minority students which is being implemented by the College of Engineering at the University of Notre Dame. The intent of the program is to motivate minority students toward professional careers in engineering, technology and related areas. This is being accomplished by having the students come into contact with interesting elementary engineering problems at an early stage in their secondary education while there is still an opportunity to enroll in courses which will broaden their career choices. The particular tool being used is computer programming which is introduced at the junior high school level. The major expense items of the program include teacher training and the acquisition of equipment; both of which have a useful life of many years. One significant feature of the program is that once its feasibility is demonstrated, it can be easily transferred to other engineering schools.
{"title":"Introducing minority students to technological careers through computer programming","authors":"D. Cohn, R. B. Kolstad","doi":"10.1145/800191.805552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800191.805552","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a program for minority students which is being implemented by the College of Engineering at the University of Notre Dame. The intent of the program is to motivate minority students toward professional careers in engineering, technology and related areas. This is being accomplished by having the students come into contact with interesting elementary engineering problems at an early stage in their secondary education while there is still an opportunity to enroll in courses which will broaden their career choices. The particular tool being used is computer programming which is introduced at the junior high school level. The major expense items of the program include teacher training and the acquisition of equipment; both of which have a useful life of many years. One significant feature of the program is that once its feasibility is demonstrated, it can be easily transferred to other engineering schools.","PeriodicalId":379505,"journal":{"name":"ACM '76","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114806423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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