Glaciers are important and sensitive part of our environment which can be used as indicator of global warming and climate change. Glacier facies represent distinct regions of a glacier surface characterized by near surface structure and density that develop as a function of spatial variations in surface melt and accumulation. The facies mapping aids in delineating different zones of the glacier, which are useful in computing glacier mass balance and modeling. In this study we tested traditional and advanced classification techniques on the Edithbreen glacier situated in Ny-lesund, Svalbard, using WorldView-3 and Landsat 8 OLI. The comparison of the accuracy was conducted using error matrices. Six measures of accuracy were derived from the error matrices and were compared with each other to find the method delivering the most adequate output for facies mapping. The pixel-based approach applied to Landsat-8 data yielded higher accuracies (>80%) when compared to that. The object-oriented classification revealed a much better accuracy and high kappa coefficient for both low and high-resolution datasets. The study clearly indicates that the object-oriented classification provides better results for glacier facies classification when high spatial resolution is used, but for lower spatial resolution, pixel-based methods are adequate.
{"title":"High-resolution multispectral mapping facies on glacier surface in the Arctic using WorldView-3 data","authors":"A. J. Luis, Shubham Singh","doi":"10.5817/cpr2020-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2020-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Glaciers are important and sensitive part of our environment which can be used as indicator of global warming and climate change. Glacier facies represent distinct regions of a glacier surface characterized by near surface structure and density that develop as a function of spatial variations in surface melt and accumulation. The facies mapping aids in delineating different zones of the glacier, which are useful in computing glacier mass balance and modeling. In this study we tested traditional and advanced classification techniques on the Edithbreen glacier situated in Ny-lesund, Svalbard, using WorldView-3 and Landsat 8 OLI. The comparison of the accuracy was conducted using error matrices. Six measures of accuracy were derived from the error matrices and were compared with each other to find the method delivering the most adequate output for facies mapping. The pixel-based approach applied to Landsat-8 data yielded higher accuracies (>80%) when compared to that. The object-oriented classification revealed a much better accuracy and high kappa coefficient for both low and high-resolution datasets. The study clearly indicates that the object-oriented classification provides better results for glacier facies classification when high spatial resolution is used, but for lower spatial resolution, pixel-based methods are adequate.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"23-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47844954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analysis of algal-mycological complexes in Albic Podzolic soils affected by emissions of the Kandalaksha Aluminum Smelter (KAS) was carried out. The number and biomass of microscopic fungi in the maximum fluorine-polluted zone (fluorine-content >1000 mg/kg) more than 2 times lower than in distanced areas and amounted to 17.3 thousants colony-forming units/g and 1.33 mg/g respectively. Altogether, 31 species of soil fungi were isolated. The species Penicillium trzebinskii and P. miczynskii dominated the zone of maximum pollution. P. glabrum , P. spinulosum , and Memnoniella echinata prevailed in the zones of moderate pollution and background. The part of opportunistic fungi in contaminated soil increased in comparison with the background soil. The reduction of dark-colored fungi biomass in contaminated soil was noted. In total, 56 species of eukaryotic algae and 7 species of cyanobacteria were found. Among green algae, the species from families Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae dominated in all plots. In the zones of maximum and strong contamination, 53 algae species were found including xanthophytes, which were absent in unpolluted areas. The number of viable cells in the litter of the maximum contaminated soils varied from 100 thousand to 1.5 million in 1 g of absolutely dry soil. The species composition of algae and cyanobacteria in these soils showed the characteristic features of the Arctic biological soil crusts.
{"title":"Microfungi, algae and cyanobacteria in soils polluted with fluorine (Kola Peninsula, Russia)","authors":"V. V. Redkina, R. Shalygina, M. V. Korneykova","doi":"10.5817/cpr2020-1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2020-1-9","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of algal-mycological complexes in Albic Podzolic soils affected by emissions of the Kandalaksha Aluminum Smelter (KAS) was carried out. The number and biomass of microscopic fungi in the maximum fluorine-polluted zone (fluorine-content >1000 mg/kg) more than 2 times lower than in distanced areas and amounted to 17.3 thousants colony-forming units/g and 1.33 mg/g respectively. Altogether, 31 species of soil fungi were isolated. The species Penicillium trzebinskii and P. miczynskii dominated the zone of maximum pollution. P. glabrum , P. spinulosum , and Memnoniella echinata prevailed in the zones of moderate pollution and background. The part of opportunistic fungi in contaminated soil increased in comparison with the background soil. The reduction of dark-colored fungi biomass in contaminated soil was noted. In total, 56 species of eukaryotic algae and 7 species of cyanobacteria were found. Among green algae, the species from families Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae dominated in all plots. In the zones of maximum and strong contamination, 53 algae species were found including xanthophytes, which were absent in unpolluted areas. The number of viable cells in the litter of the maximum contaminated soils varied from 100 thousand to 1.5 million in 1 g of absolutely dry soil. The species composition of algae and cyanobacteria in these soils showed the characteristic features of the Arctic biological soil crusts.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"94-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49245216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was aimed to investigate the electrical resistivity in soils and permafrost of various ice-free areas of Antarctica and Sub-Antarctica (from coastal Eastern Antarctica oases to Maritime Antarctica). Measurements of electrical resistivity of soil and permafrost strata were performed with a portable device LandMapper. It was found that the permafrost table depth ranged 82 to106 cm in Bunger Hills, 95 to 122 cm in Larsemann Hills, 27 to 106 in Thala Hills, and 89 to 100 cm on King George Island and Ardley Island. Presence (and thickness) of organic layer and influence of snow patches melting were found the main reasons for differentiation of permafrost table depth in the studied ice-free areas. Anthropogenic disturbance at waste disposal sites resulted in more pronounced soil profile heterogeneity and formation of scattered electrical resistivity profiles. Permafrost layer was found less homogenous in the upper part of permafrost strata compared to the lower part. An application of vertical electrical resistivity sounding (VERS) may be very useful for evaluation of active layer thickness in Antarctic environments, especially when they are facing severe anthropogenic influence due to maintaining of numerous Antarctic research stations and logistical operations
{"title":"Permafrost table depth in soils of Eastern Antarctica oases, King George and Ardley Islands (South Shetland Islands)","authors":"I. Alekseev, E. Abakumov","doi":"10.5817/cpr2020-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2020-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to investigate the electrical resistivity in soils and permafrost of various ice-free areas of Antarctica and Sub-Antarctica (from coastal Eastern Antarctica oases to Maritime Antarctica). Measurements of electrical resistivity of soil and permafrost strata were performed with a portable device LandMapper. It was found that the permafrost table depth ranged 82 to106 cm in Bunger Hills, 95 to 122 cm in Larsemann Hills, 27 to 106 in Thala Hills, and 89 to 100 cm on King George Island and Ardley Island. Presence (and thickness) of organic layer and influence of snow patches melting were found the main reasons for differentiation of permafrost table depth in the studied ice-free areas. Anthropogenic disturbance at waste disposal sites resulted in more pronounced soil profile heterogeneity and formation of scattered electrical resistivity profiles. Permafrost layer was found less homogenous in the upper part of permafrost strata compared to the lower part. An application of vertical electrical resistivity sounding (VERS) may be very useful for evaluation of active layer thickness in Antarctic environments, especially when they are facing severe anthropogenic influence due to maintaining of numerous Antarctic research stations and logistical operations","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"7-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44936378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing number of visitors in polar regions and demand for outdoor extreme activities create a pressure on local fragile ecosystems. Two examples of mechanical disturbances of the glacier forefields are presented in this study to demonstrate the impacts of different frequencies of visits on the local environment. Foxfonna study site experience only minor disturbances in comparison with the Langjökull study site on Iceland. This is due to the number of tourists visiting the two localities and also the means of transportation used for reaching the ice caps. It is likely that with still ongoing increase of number of tourists coming to these localities, the anthropogenic pressure will continue to grow. The combination of human pressure and ongoing climate change can have irreversible effects on sensitive local environment especially in places easily accessible for tourists.
{"title":"Impacts of increased tourism on polar environment – case studies from Svalbard and Iceland","authors":"J. Kavan, Veronika Anděrová","doi":"10.5817/cpr2020-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2020-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing number of visitors in polar regions and demand for outdoor extreme activities create a pressure on local fragile ecosystems. Two examples of mechanical disturbances of the glacier forefields are presented in this study to demonstrate the impacts of different frequencies of visits on the local environment. Foxfonna study site experience only minor disturbances in comparison with the Langjökull study site on Iceland. This is due to the number of tourists visiting the two localities and also the means of transportation used for reaching the ice caps. It is likely that with still ongoing increase of number of tourists coming to these localities, the anthropogenic pressure will continue to grow. The combination of human pressure and ongoing climate change can have irreversible effects on sensitive local environment especially in places easily accessible for tourists.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42815796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a result of our studies aiming to determine the lichen mycota of the James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula), we report Peltigera castanea , a species in the P. didactyla complex from Antarctica and Southern Hemisphere for the first time. Collections were evaluated using morphological, anatomical and molecular characteristics (nrITS). Peltigera castanea has foliose, 4-6 cm lobate thallus; upper surface dark brown to chestnut brown, weakly tomentose (especially in the margins of the lobes) and sorediate. The morphological and ecological variations of this species are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"A new record of lichenized fungus species for Antarctica: Peltigera castanea Goward, Goffinet & Miądl.","authors":"M. Halıcı, Osman Muaz Osmanoğlu, Merve Kahraman","doi":"10.5817/cpr2020-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2020-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of our studies aiming to determine the lichen mycota of the James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula), we report Peltigera castanea , a species in the P. didactyla complex from Antarctica and Southern Hemisphere for the first time. Collections were evaluated using morphological, anatomical and molecular characteristics (nrITS). Peltigera castanea has foliose, 4-6 cm lobate thallus; upper surface dark brown to chestnut brown, weakly tomentose (especially in the margins of the lobes) and sorediate. The morphological and ecological variations of this species are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47104163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexey Zverev, A. Petrov, A. Kimeklis, A. Kichko, E. Andronov, E. Abakumov
The microbiome of initial soils formed at the heaps and bottoms of surface sediment quarries in the surroundings of Yakutsk City(Eastern Siberia,Russia) has been characterized for the first time. In the initial Entisols, we detected Alphaproteobacteria (represented mainly by the family Rizobiales ), Gammaproteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Acidobacteria , Bacteroidetes (mostly Chitinophagales ), Deltaproteobacteria , and Chloroflexi . The lower soil horizons had a more homogenous species diversity taxonomy that was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria . The morphologically different horizons did not differ microbiologically. This is caused by the limited soil development and relatively slow rate of revegetation of the spoil banks and heaps of the quarries under the severe climatic conditions of the Eastern part of Russian Arctic zone. Based on our findings, we propose that the soil microbiomes in such recently abandoned quarries are characterized by low diversity, which is a characteristic feature of the polar soils surrounding Yakutsk. Data obtained can be used for elaboration of reclamation strategies with taking into account the information about key microbial drivers of soil processes.
{"title":"Microbiomes of the initial soils of mining areas of Yakutsk City (Eastern Siberia, Russia)","authors":"Alexey Zverev, A. Petrov, A. Kimeklis, A. Kichko, E. Andronov, E. Abakumov","doi":"10.5817/cpr2020-1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2020-1-7","url":null,"abstract":"The microbiome of initial soils formed at the heaps and bottoms of surface sediment quarries in the surroundings of Yakutsk City(Eastern Siberia,Russia) has been characterized for the first time. In the initial Entisols, we detected Alphaproteobacteria (represented mainly by the family Rizobiales ), Gammaproteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Acidobacteria , Bacteroidetes (mostly Chitinophagales ), Deltaproteobacteria , and Chloroflexi . The lower soil horizons had a more homogenous species diversity taxonomy that was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria . The morphologically different horizons did not differ microbiologically. This is caused by the limited soil development and relatively slow rate of revegetation of the spoil banks and heaps of the quarries under the severe climatic conditions of the Eastern part of Russian Arctic zone. Based on our findings, we propose that the soil microbiomes in such recently abandoned quarries are characterized by low diversity, which is a characteristic feature of the polar soils surrounding Yakutsk. Data obtained can be used for elaboration of reclamation strategies with taking into account the information about key microbial drivers of soil processes.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"69-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44531499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cadophora antarctica Rodr.-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano was isolated from spoil tip of coal mine in the Arctic, on the territory of the Svalbard archipelago , and is represented by strain IVA-206. Macro- and micromorphology of the isolate were examined along with partial sequences of Internal transcribed spacer rDNA region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and D1/D2 region of 28S rDNA (LSU). The isolate C. antarctica IVA-206 had a number of features that distinguished it from the strain C. antarctica CBS 143035 from Antarctica. Colonies of Arctic strain had darker pigmentation, ramoconidia and conidia were larger, and the optimal growth temperature was higher. As a result of our study, we first discovered the microfungi C. antarctica Rodr.-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano in the Arctic. Our study shows that C. antarctica Rodr.-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano is a bipolar species found in both the Arctic and Antarctic region.
南极卡多佛拉岛-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano从北极斯瓦尔巴群岛领土上的煤矿废料尖端分离出来，以菌株IVA-206为代表。对分离物进行了宏、微观形态学检测，并检测了其内部转录间隔区(ITS1-5.8S-ITS2)和28S rDNA (LSU)的D1/D2区部分序列。分离的C. antarctica IVA-206具有许多特征，使其与来自南极洲的菌株C. antarctica CBS 143035区别开来。北极菌株菌落色素沉着较深，孢子和分生孢子较大，最适生长温度较高。作为我们研究的结果，我们首先发现了微真菌C. antarctica Rodr。——安德拉德、施切格尔、马克·科马克和卡诺在北极。我们的研究表明，C. antarctica Rodr。-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano是两极物种，在北极和南极地区都有发现。
{"title":"First find of Cadophora antarctica Rodr.-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano in the Arctic","authors":"V. Iliushin","doi":"10.5817/CPR2020-2-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2020-2-11","url":null,"abstract":"Cadophora antarctica Rodr.-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano was isolated from spoil tip of coal mine in the Arctic, on the territory of the Svalbard archipelago , and is represented by strain IVA-206. Macro- and micromorphology of the isolate were examined along with partial sequences of Internal transcribed spacer rDNA region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and D1/D2 region of 28S rDNA (LSU). The isolate C. antarctica IVA-206 had a number of features that distinguished it from the strain C. antarctica CBS 143035 from Antarctica. Colonies of Arctic strain had darker pigmentation, ramoconidia and conidia were larger, and the optimal growth temperature was higher. As a result of our study, we first discovered the microfungi C. antarctica Rodr.-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano in the Arctic. Our study shows that C. antarctica Rodr.-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano is a bipolar species found in both the Arctic and Antarctic region.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"147-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46846300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Leonardo Di Prinzio, D. Stoler, G. Varela, E. Druetta
The evolution of the grain boundary groove in a bicrystalline ice sample was studied in this work. The groove is formed by the intersection of the grain boundary with the free surface. The bicrystalline ice sample had an arbitrary misorientation and was immersed in ultra-pure silicone oil at -5°C in order to avoid evaporation processes. Photographs of the groove were taken every 17 minutes for 100 hours with an optical microscope and the evolution of the groove was determined from these images. Through this study, it was possible to measure the coefficient of surface self-diffusion of the ice at -5°C.
{"title":"Superficial self-diffusion coefficient in Ih-ICE","authors":"Carlos Leonardo Di Prinzio, D. Stoler, G. Varela, E. Druetta","doi":"10.5817/CPR2020-2-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2020-2-12","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of the grain boundary groove in a bicrystalline ice sample was studied in this work. The groove is formed by the intersection of the grain boundary with the free surface. The bicrystalline ice sample had an arbitrary misorientation and was immersed in ultra-pure silicone oil at -5°C in order to avoid evaporation processes. Photographs of the groove were taken every 17 minutes for 100 hours with an optical microscope and the evolution of the groove was determined from these images. Through this study, it was possible to measure the coefficient of surface self-diffusion of the ice at -5°C.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"153-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42903887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sediment transport in polar regions is highly changeable and it is getting faster in connection with a climate change. This study describes the Hrbye River catchment located in the northern Billefjorden, Central Svalbard. The Czech Arctic Station and AMUPS - Adam Mickiewicz University Polish Polar Station are located in near this locality Petunia Bay. The material for this study was sampled in August 2016, during the summer research campaign of Czech Arctic Station together with a cooperation between Masaryk University in Brno and the University of Oslo via Norway Grants. The catchment area is 60 km 2 . The area of interest lies around the 10 km long Hrbye River in its braidplain, which is 2.3 km wide and 4.5 km long. In the Hrbye Glacier forefield, 27 sediment sampling localities were selected and defined into seven groups: (i) esker complex; (ii) debris stripes; (iii) till plain; (iv) hummocky moraine; (v) post-LIA braidplain; (vi) LIA moraine; (vii) LIA braidplain. Three main petrological types of rocks were studied (SVP – sandstone, VAP – limestone, ORT – orthogneiss). Lithology and roundness of the clasts were evaluated in order to study clast shape properties from various glacial sediments. The results show the dominant role of lithology on the clast shape modification in the Hrbye Glacier forefield.
{"title":"Longitudinal development of clast shape characteristics from different material sources in Hrbye River, Central Svalbard","authors":"Lenka Ondráčková","doi":"10.5817/CPR2020-2-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2020-2-15","url":null,"abstract":"The sediment transport in polar regions is highly changeable and it is getting faster in connection with a climate change. This study describes the Hrbye River catchment located in the northern Billefjorden, Central Svalbard. The Czech Arctic Station and AMUPS - Adam Mickiewicz University Polish Polar Station are located in near this locality Petunia Bay. The material for this study was sampled in August 2016, during the summer research campaign of Czech Arctic Station together with a cooperation between Masaryk University in Brno and the University of Oslo via Norway Grants. The catchment area is 60 km 2 . The area of interest lies around the 10 km long Hrbye River in its braidplain, which is 2.3 km wide and 4.5 km long. In the Hrbye Glacier forefield, 27 sediment sampling localities were selected and defined into seven groups: (i) esker complex; (ii) debris stripes; (iii) till plain; (iv) hummocky moraine; (v) post-LIA braidplain; (vi) LIA moraine; (vii) LIA braidplain. Three main petrological types of rocks were studied (SVP – sandstone, VAP – limestone, ORT – orthogneiss). Lithology and roundness of the clasts were evaluated in order to study clast shape properties from various glacial sediments. The results show the dominant role of lithology on the clast shape modification in the Hrbye Glacier forefield.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"189-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47641147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Barták, A. Orekhova, J. Nezval, M. Oravec, J. Hájek, V. Špunda, J. Tříska, M. Bednaříková, G. Giudici, Radek Pech
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different in situ light regimen on ecophysiological parameters of Luzula sylvatica leaves. Plants of L. sylvatica grown under natural sunny and shade conditions in arcto-alpine tundra were analyzed with respect to their leaf anatomy, content of photosynthetic pigments, UV absorbing compounds and phenanthrenoid compounds. Relationship between chlorophyll concentrations (Chl a+b ) and SPAD values was determined for sun and shade leaves measured repeatedly within summer and autumn seasons 2019 and 2020. Pooled data showed curvilinear Chl a+b to SPAD relationship with the highest Chl a+b and SPAD values found for shade leaves. Sun leaves had higher UV-B absorbing compounds contents than shade ones. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed significant amount of soluble flavonoids in Luzula sylvatica leaves, amongst others the flavone-luteolin and its derivatives ( e.g. tentatively identified luteolin-methyl-glucoside and luteolin-glucoside). The accumulation of luteolin based compounds in sun acclimated leaves is also plausible explanation for the higher antioxidant activity determined in sun leaf extraxts. Such response of flavonoid metabolism may help L.S. to cope with excessive-light stress through UV-attenuation mechanism and ROS scavanging. Additionally, phenanthrenoid compounds contents in L. sylvatica leaves were determined. Altogether, 9 phenanthrenoid compounds were identified by HPLC-HRMS. Their content was markedly different (up to the factor of 5) between sun and shade leaves of L.sylvatica .
{"title":"Light regimen-induced variability of photosynthetic pigments and UV-B absorbing compounds in Luzula sylvatica from Arcto-Alpine tundra","authors":"M. Barták, A. Orekhova, J. Nezval, M. Oravec, J. Hájek, V. Špunda, J. Tříska, M. Bednaříková, G. Giudici, Radek Pech","doi":"10.5817/CPR2020-2-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2020-2-20","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different in situ light regimen on ecophysiological parameters of Luzula sylvatica leaves. Plants of L. sylvatica grown under natural sunny and shade conditions in arcto-alpine tundra were analyzed with respect to their leaf anatomy, content of photosynthetic pigments, UV absorbing compounds and phenanthrenoid compounds. Relationship between chlorophyll concentrations (Chl a+b ) and SPAD values was determined for sun and shade leaves measured repeatedly within summer and autumn seasons 2019 and 2020. Pooled data showed curvilinear Chl a+b to SPAD relationship with the highest Chl a+b and SPAD values found for shade leaves. Sun leaves had higher UV-B absorbing compounds contents than shade ones. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed significant amount of soluble flavonoids in Luzula sylvatica leaves, amongst others the flavone-luteolin and its derivatives ( e.g. tentatively identified luteolin-methyl-glucoside and luteolin-glucoside). The accumulation of luteolin based compounds in sun acclimated leaves is also plausible explanation for the higher antioxidant activity determined in sun leaf extraxts. Such response of flavonoid metabolism may help L.S. to cope with excessive-light stress through UV-attenuation mechanism and ROS scavanging. Additionally, phenanthrenoid compounds contents in L. sylvatica leaves were determined. Altogether, 9 phenanthrenoid compounds were identified by HPLC-HRMS. Their content was markedly different (up to the factor of 5) between sun and shade leaves of L.sylvatica .","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"263-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48221497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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