Placopsis antarctica is an ornithocoprophilous lichen that has been for a long time confused with P. contortuplicata I. M. Lamb. In our study, we focused on morphological characteristics of P. antarctica thalli. We report biometrical data on dominant morphological structures of P. antarctica thallus: cephalodia, marginal lobes, sorediate pits and soralia. Thalli of P. antarctica were collected at the King George Island, Antarctica and analyzed in a laboratory using a digital microscopy approach. Central cephalodium was found rather elliptic then round-shaped. Mean length/width was found 2.424/1.720 mm. Marginal lobes were found wider at the apex (1.415 mm) than basal part (0.495 mm). Side cephalodia were smaller, their mean length/width was found 1.034/0.610 mm.
Placopsis antarctica是一种拟鸟地衣，长期以来一直与P. contortuplicata I. M. Lamb混淆。在本研究中，我们着重研究了南极拟南芥的形态特征。我们报道了南极p.a nterum菌体的优势形态结构:头状体、边缘裂片、单胞坑和soralia的生物统计学数据。在南极乔治国王岛采集南极p.a nantarctica菌体，并在实验室采用数码显微镜方法对其进行分析。头中央呈椭圆形，后呈圆形。平均长/宽为2.424/1.720 mm。边缘裂片在先端(1.415 mm)比基部(0.495 mm)宽。侧头头较小，平均长/宽为1.034/0.610 mm。
{"title":"Biometrical analysis and thallus morphology characteristics of Placopsis antarctica from King George Island, Antarctica ( Short Communication )","authors":"J. Weiss, A. Orekhova","doi":"10.5817/CPR2020-2-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2020-2-13","url":null,"abstract":"Placopsis antarctica is an ornithocoprophilous lichen that has been for a long time confused with P. contortuplicata I. M. Lamb. In our study, we focused on morphological characteristics of P. antarctica thalli. We report biometrical data on dominant morphological structures of P. antarctica thallus: cephalodia, marginal lobes, sorediate pits and soralia. Thalli of P. antarctica were collected at the King George Island, Antarctica and analyzed in a laboratory using a digital microscopy approach. Central cephalodium was found rather elliptic then round-shaped. Mean length/width was found 2.424/1.720 mm. Marginal lobes were found wider at the apex (1.415 mm) than basal part (0.495 mm). Side cephalodia were smaller, their mean length/width was found 1.034/0.610 mm.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"161-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42260521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A group of seven isolates of black meristematic fungi was collected from rocks within the framework of mycological research focused on the study of diversity of rock-inhabiting fungi on James Ross Island in Antarctica. Their identification was based on ITS rDNA sequence comparisons supported by morphological data. Obtained results assigned four analysed strains as Oleoguttula mirabilis and three isolates as Rachicladosporium antarcticum. To the best of our knowledge this is the second report of isolation of these two psychrophilic species from different parts of James Ross Island which imply that they probably represent a common part of its environmental microbial flora.
{"title":"New records of Oleoguttula mirabilis and Rachicladosporium antarcticum from James Ross Island, Antarctica","authors":"M. Laichmanová","doi":"10.5817/CPR2020-2-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2020-2-17","url":null,"abstract":"A group of seven isolates of black meristematic fungi was collected from rocks within the framework of mycological research focused on the study of diversity of rock-inhabiting fungi on James Ross Island in Antarctica. Their identification was based on ITS rDNA sequence comparisons supported by morphological data. Obtained results assigned four analysed strains as Oleoguttula mirabilis and three isolates as Rachicladosporium antarcticum. To the best of our knowledge this is the second report of isolation of these two psychrophilic species from different parts of James Ross Island which imply that they probably represent a common part of its environmental microbial flora.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"226-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48139406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Palfner, Josefa Binimelis-Salazar, S. Alarcón, G. Torres‐Mellado, Gloriana Gallegos, Fernando Pea-Cortés, A. Casanova-Katny
Relatively few macrofungi have been historically described from terrestrial environments of the Antarctic Peninsula and its associated archipelagos which are characterized by a moss-dominated vegetation, most of them preferentially or obligatorily associated with bryophytes. During the study of the influence of penguin rockeries to moss communities on the South Shetland Islands, the bryophilous basidiomycetes Rimbachia bryophila and Arrhenia cf. lilacinicolor were found for the first time on King George Island, growing on carpets of Sanionia uncinata . Other bryophilous fungi previously recorded in the same region are Arrhenia antarctica , Omphalina pyxidata and the rare Simocybe antarctica . The detection of the supposedly parasitic R. bryophila , together with other new observations of macrofungi on different hosts in the Antarctic bryoflora could indicate increased sexual reproduction. The likely increase of reproduction as an effect of warming on the terrestrial antarctic tundra should be proven by follow up field studies.
{"title":"Do new records of macrofungi indicate warming of their habitats in terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems?","authors":"G. Palfner, Josefa Binimelis-Salazar, S. Alarcón, G. Torres‐Mellado, Gloriana Gallegos, Fernando Pea-Cortés, A. Casanova-Katny","doi":"10.5817/CPR2020-2-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2020-2-21","url":null,"abstract":"Relatively few macrofungi have been historically described from terrestrial environments of the Antarctic Peninsula and its associated archipelagos which are characterized by a moss-dominated vegetation, most of them preferentially or obligatorily associated with bryophytes. During the study of the influence of penguin rockeries to moss communities on the South Shetland Islands, the bryophilous basidiomycetes Rimbachia bryophila and Arrhenia cf. lilacinicolor were found for the first time on King George Island, growing on carpets of Sanionia uncinata . Other bryophilous fungi previously recorded in the same region are Arrhenia antarctica , Omphalina pyxidata and the rare Simocybe antarctica . The detection of the supposedly parasitic R. bryophila , together with other new observations of macrofungi on different hosts in the Antarctic bryoflora could indicate increased sexual reproduction. The likely increase of reproduction as an effect of warming on the terrestrial antarctic tundra should be proven by follow up field studies.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"281-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49062091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Andreev, D. Andersen, L. Kurbatova, S. Smirnova, O. Chaplygina
Lake Untersee is the largest ice-covered freshwater lake in the interior of East Antarctica. The mountain oasis is situated around it in the Gruber Mts. of the Wohlthat Massif. For approximately 7,000 years the area has been free of ice and the local climate relatively stable. It is very severe, cold, and windy and dominated by intense evaporation and sublimation but with little melt. Relative humidity averages only 37%. Vegetation is sparse in the oasis and previously only poorly investigated. Two lichen species and no bryophytes were known from the area. In November-December 2018, a survey of terrestrial flora and vegetation was made. The list of lichens was completed for the area, bryophytes were found for the first time, and some terrestrial algae were collected. In total, 23 lichen species, 1 lichenicolous fungus, 1 moss, and 18 terrestrial algae were discovered for the locality. The abundance of each species within their habitats was also evaluated. The lichen flora of the Untersee Oasis is typical for continental oases and similar to other previously investigated internal territories of Dronning Maud Land, except for the very rich lichen flora of the Schirmacher Oasis.
{"title":"Lichens, bryophytes and terrestrial algae of the Lake Untersee Oasis (Wohlthat Massiv, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica)","authors":"M. Andreev, D. Andersen, L. Kurbatova, S. Smirnova, O. Chaplygina","doi":"10.5817/CPR2020-2-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2020-2-16","url":null,"abstract":"Lake Untersee is the largest ice-covered freshwater lake in the interior of East Antarctica. The mountain oasis is situated around it in the Gruber Mts. of the Wohlthat Massif. For approximately 7,000 years the area has been free of ice and the local climate relatively stable. It is very severe, cold, and windy and dominated by intense evaporation and sublimation but with little melt. Relative humidity averages only 37%. Vegetation is sparse in the oasis and previously only poorly investigated. Two lichen species and no bryophytes were known from the area. In November-December 2018, a survey of terrestrial flora and vegetation was made. The list of lichens was completed for the area, bryophytes were found for the first time, and some terrestrial algae were collected. In total, 23 lichen species, 1 lichenicolous fungus, 1 moss, and 18 terrestrial algae were discovered for the locality. The abundance of each species within their habitats was also evaluated. The lichen flora of the Untersee Oasis is typical for continental oases and similar to other previously investigated internal territories of Dronning Maud Land, except for the very rich lichen flora of the Schirmacher Oasis.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"203-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43856974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Váczi, M. Barták, M. Bednaříková, F. Hrbáček, J. Hájek
In this study, we investigated the utility of spectral remote sensing data gathered by a multispectral camera for estimating of vegetation cover in Antarctic vegetation oasis and Arcto-Alpine tundra. The surveys exploiting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and multispectral camera were done in an Antarctic vegetation oasis located at the Northern shore of James Ross Island (Antarctica), and arcto-alpine tundra located in the Jeseniky Mts. (NE Czech Republic, 1 420 m a.s.l. ). For the two locations, false colour images of spectral indices (VARI, NGRDI, GLI, RGVI, ExG, NDVI, PRI) were taken and analysis of vegetation types and components of vegetation cover done. Additionally, field research was performed by handheld instruments measuring NDVI, PRI and of selected vegetation components: Bryum pseudotriquetrum , Nostoc commune colonies (Antarctica), lichens grown on flat stones and boulders (the Jeseniky Mts.). The results show UAV photo surveys and imaging of spectral reflectance indices can be used to monitor vegetation types forming Antarctic vegetation oases and arcto-alpine tundra.
{"title":"Spectral properties of Antarctic and Alpine vegetation monitored by multispectral camera: Case studies from James Ross Island and Jeseníky Mts.","authors":"P. Váczi, M. Barták, M. Bednaříková, F. Hrbáček, J. Hájek","doi":"10.5817/CPR2020-2-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2020-2-22","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated the utility of spectral remote sensing data gathered by a multispectral camera for estimating of vegetation cover in Antarctic vegetation oasis and Arcto-Alpine tundra. The surveys exploiting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and multispectral camera were done in an Antarctic vegetation oasis located at the Northern shore of James Ross Island (Antarctica), and arcto-alpine tundra located in the Jeseniky Mts. (NE Czech Republic, 1 420 m a.s.l. ). For the two locations, false colour images of spectral indices (VARI, NGRDI, GLI, RGVI, ExG, NDVI, PRI) were taken and analysis of vegetation types and components of vegetation cover done. Additionally, field research was performed by handheld instruments measuring NDVI, PRI and of selected vegetation components: Bryum pseudotriquetrum , Nostoc commune colonies (Antarctica), lichens grown on flat stones and boulders (the Jeseniky Mts.). The results show UAV photo surveys and imaging of spectral reflectance indices can be used to monitor vegetation types forming Antarctic vegetation oases and arcto-alpine tundra.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"297-312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44327437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. N. Terebova, E. Markovskaya, V. Androsova, M. A. Pavlova, N. V. Oreshnikova
The presented study supplements the knowledge on ion-exchange capacity, swelling capacity (elasticity) of the plant cell wall, and the accumulation of heavy metals in halophytic species Plantago maritima and Triglochin maritima in the tidal zone of the White Sea western coast. The littoral soils of the coastal territories are sandy or rocky-sandy, medium and slightly saline with poor content of organic substances, Mn, Zn, Ni, and Pb. Studied soils are considered as uncontaminated by heavy metals because they contain background amounts of Fe and Cu. Sea water is significantly polluted by Fe (3.8 MPC) and Ni (55 MPC), has poor content of Zn and Cu and background level of Pb and Mn. The coastal dominant plant species P. maritima and T. maritima were characterized by intensive metals accumulation which was reflected in the coefficient of biological absorption (CBA) of metal by a whole plant. For P. maritima the following metal accumulation series was obtained: Cu (3.29)> Zn (2.81)> Ni (1.57)> Pb (1.30)> Mn (1.21)> Fe (0.97), and for T. maritima: Ni (3.80)> Fe (2.08)> Cu (1.91)> Zn (1.84)> Pb (1.51)> Mn (1.31). Roots accumulated 50–70% of Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn of the total metal content in the plant while leaves and stems contained 30–50%. Fe was allocated mainly in the roots (80%). The ion-exchange capacity of the plant cell wall for P. maritima and T. maritima was established as follows correspondingly: 3570–3700 and 2710–3070 μmol g-1 dry cell weight per leaf; 2310–2350 and 1160–1250 μmol g-1 dry cell weight per root.
本研究补充了白海西海岸潮带盐生植物车前草(Plantago maritima)和海Triglochin maritima的离子交换能力、植物细胞壁膨胀能力(弹性)以及重金属积累的相关知识。沿海地区的沿海土壤为沙质或岩质土壤，中、微含盐，有机质、锰、锌、镍、铅含量较低。所研究的土壤被认为未受重金属污染，因为它们含有背景量的铁和铜。海水受Fe (3.8 MPC)和Ni (55 MPC)污染严重，Zn和Cu含量较低，Pb和Mn的本底水平较低。沿海优势植物海苔和海苔具有富集金属的特点，这体现在整个植物对金属的生物吸收系数。P. maritima的金属富集序列为Cu (3.29)> Zn (2.81)> Ni (1.57)> Pb (1.30)> Mn (1.21)> Fe (0.97)， T. maritima的金属富集序列为Ni (3.80)> Fe (2.08)> Cu (1.91)> Zn (1.84)> Pb (1.51)> Mn(1.31)。根积累的Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb和Mn占植株总金属含量的50 ~ 70%，叶和茎积累的Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb和Mn占植株总金属含量的30 ~ 50%。铁主要分布在根系(80%)。测定了海参和海参细胞壁的离子交换容量分别为3570 ~ 3700 μmol g-1和2710 ~ 3070 μmol g-1;每根干细胞重分别为2310 ~ 2350和1160 ~ 1250 μmol g-1。
{"title":"Cell wall functional activity and metal accumulation of halophytic plant species Plantago maritima and Triglochin maritima on the White Sea littoral zone (NW Russia)","authors":"E. N. Terebova, E. Markovskaya, V. Androsova, M. A. Pavlova, N. V. Oreshnikova","doi":"10.5817/CPR2020-2-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2020-2-14","url":null,"abstract":"The presented study supplements the knowledge on ion-exchange capacity, swelling capacity (elasticity) of the plant cell wall, and the accumulation of heavy metals in halophytic species Plantago maritima and Triglochin maritima in the tidal zone of the White Sea western coast. The littoral soils of the coastal territories are sandy or rocky-sandy, medium and slightly saline with poor content of organic substances, Mn, Zn, Ni, and Pb. Studied soils are considered as uncontaminated by heavy metals because they contain background amounts of Fe and Cu. Sea water is significantly polluted by Fe (3.8 MPC) and Ni (55 MPC), has poor content of Zn and Cu and background level of Pb and Mn. The coastal dominant plant species P. maritima and T. maritima were characterized by intensive metals accumulation which was reflected in the coefficient of biological absorption (CBA) of metal by a whole plant. For P. maritima the following metal accumulation series was obtained: Cu (3.29)> Zn (2.81)> Ni (1.57)> Pb (1.30)> Mn (1.21)> Fe (0.97), and for T. maritima: Ni (3.80)> Fe (2.08)> Cu (1.91)> Zn (1.84)> Pb (1.51)> Mn (1.31). Roots accumulated 50–70% of Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn of the total metal content in the plant while leaves and stems contained 30–50%. Fe was allocated mainly in the roots (80%). The ion-exchange capacity of the plant cell wall for P. maritima and T. maritima was established as follows correspondingly: 3570–3700 and 2710–3070 μmol g-1 dry cell weight per leaf; 2310–2350 and 1160–1250 μmol g-1 dry cell weight per root.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41770629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Secondary metabolites are the bioactive compounds of plants which are synthesized during primary metabolism, have no role in the development process but are needed for defense and other special purposes. These secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, anthraquinones and carotenoids, are found in Xanthoria genus lichens. These lichens are known as lichenized fungi in the family Teloschistaceae, which grows on rock and produce bioactive compounds. A lot of secondary compounds in plants are induced by UV (100-400 nm) spectra. The present review showcases the present identified bioactive compounds in Xanthoria elegans and Xanthoria parietina lichens, which are stimulated by different amounts of UV-B light (280-320 nm), as well as the biochemistry of the UV-B absorbingcompounds.
{"title":"UV-B absorbing and bioactive secondary compounds in lichens Xanthoria elegans and Xanthoria parietina: A review","authors":"Vilmantas Pedišius","doi":"10.5817/CPR2020-2-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2020-2-19","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary metabolites are the bioactive compounds of plants which are synthesized during primary metabolism, have no role in the development process but are needed for defense and other special purposes. These secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, anthraquinones and carotenoids, are found in Xanthoria genus lichens. These lichens are known as lichenized fungi in the family Teloschistaceae, which grows on rock and produce bioactive compounds. A lot of secondary compounds in plants are induced by UV (100-400 nm) spectra. The present review showcases the present identified bioactive compounds in Xanthoria elegans and Xanthoria parietina lichens, which are stimulated by different amounts of UV-B light (280-320 nm), as well as the biochemistry of the UV-B absorbingcompounds.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"252-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46997866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The populations of Lobaria pulmonaria and their characteristics were studied at the northern limit of its range in the Republic of Karelia (Northwest Russia). The study was carried out in northernmost boreal zone on 8 permanent 100 × 100 m sample plots with last disturbance 180–270 years ago. It was found that in the north of the region, the number of substrate units on which lichen grows decreases with an increase of the time since last disturbance from 25 to 11 per ha. In the ontogenetic spectrum (excluding juvenile and immature thalli), virginal thalli prevailed. The proportion of generative thalli in forests in the mid-succession stages (mixed spruce-birch forests) was 2%, and they were absent at later stages (in preclimax spruce forests). In the studied forests, the main substrate of Lobaria pulmonaria was the trunks of living Populus tremula and Salix caprea . With an increase in the diameter and area of the trunk of Populus tremula , the number of thalli increased, and their average area decreased. An important role for Lobaria pulmonaria was played by the individual characteristics of the tree trunk, such as the height above ground, exposure, angle of inclination. The optimal conditions for the growth and development of this species were formed on the aspen trunks . Due to the collecting shape of crown and its wide radius, a large amount of precipitation flowed down the trunk during rain. Moreover, due to the wide and dense crown, the trunks were wet longer than other tree species. Comparison of the obtained data with similar studies done in the subzone of the middle taiga showed that at the limit of the range, the number of substrate units colonized by Lobaria pulmonaria and the number of thalli was smaller than in the south of Karelia. The share of generative thalli in the ontogenetic spectrum of species populations in forest communities of the north taiga subzone was 3 times smaller than in the middle taiga forests.
{"title":"Population characteristics of cephalolichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. at the northern limit of its range (Northwest Russia, Republic of Karelia)","authors":"R. V. Ignatenko, V. Tarasova","doi":"10.5817/CPR2020-2-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2020-2-18","url":null,"abstract":"The populations of Lobaria pulmonaria and their characteristics were studied at the northern limit of its range in the Republic of Karelia (Northwest Russia). The study was carried out in northernmost boreal zone on 8 permanent 100 × 100 m sample plots with last disturbance 180–270 years ago. It was found that in the north of the region, the number of substrate units on which lichen grows decreases with an increase of the time since last disturbance from 25 to 11 per ha. In the ontogenetic spectrum (excluding juvenile and immature thalli), virginal thalli prevailed. The proportion of generative thalli in forests in the mid-succession stages (mixed spruce-birch forests) was 2%, and they were absent at later stages (in preclimax spruce forests). In the studied forests, the main substrate of Lobaria pulmonaria was the trunks of living Populus tremula and Salix caprea . With an increase in the diameter and area of the trunk of Populus tremula , the number of thalli increased, and their average area decreased. An important role for Lobaria pulmonaria was played by the individual characteristics of the tree trunk, such as the height above ground, exposure, angle of inclination. The optimal conditions for the growth and development of this species were formed on the aspen trunks . Due to the collecting shape of crown and its wide radius, a large amount of precipitation flowed down the trunk during rain. Moreover, due to the wide and dense crown, the trunks were wet longer than other tree species. Comparison of the obtained data with similar studies done in the subzone of the middle taiga showed that at the limit of the range, the number of substrate units colonized by Lobaria pulmonaria and the number of thalli was smaller than in the south of Karelia. The share of generative thalli in the ontogenetic spectrum of species populations in forest communities of the north taiga subzone was 3 times smaller than in the middle taiga forests.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"236-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49212615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Chirva, K. M. Nikerova, V. Androsova, R. V. Ignatenko
The present study was carried out to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the protein content in Lobaria pulmonaria thalli of various ontogenetic stages (studied groups: juvenile and mature) in forest communities of the middle and northernmost boreal subzones (i.e. two habitat groups). Obtained results showed that the protein content in thalli of different ontogenetic stages and habitats did not differ significantly between the two studied groups and ranged from 3.4 to 3.8 mg g-1. Peroxidase (POD) activity was low and did not exceed 0.01 µmol TG mg-1 of protein. No significant differences between the studied groups (ontogenetic and habitat) in POD was found. On the contrary, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed significant differences. SOD activity ranged from 5.1 to 6.3 U mg-1 of protein. Significant differences were found between the SOD activity in juvenile and mature L. pulmonaria thalli in the communities of the northern boreal subzone (p = 0.043) and in juvenile thalli from different habitats (р = 0.020). In general, CAT activity ranged from 187 to 605 μmol H2O2 mg-1 protein. Significant differences in CAT activity were apparent between the thalli from the middle and northernmost boreal subzone communities (p=0.040). The differences in CAT activity values in juvenile and mature thalli in the northernmost boreal subzone (p = 0.006) were found as well. Juvenile thalli from different habitats (p = 0.008) differed. As a result we suggest that juvenile thalli might be more suitable for the purposes of bioindication of environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, since they are more sensitive in comparison to mature thalli.
{"title":"Activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in Lobaria pulmonaria from forest communities of middle and northernmost boreal zone (NW Russia)","authors":"O. Chirva, K. M. Nikerova, V. Androsova, R. V. Ignatenko","doi":"10.5817/cpr2019-2-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2019-2-19","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the protein content in Lobaria pulmonaria thalli of various ontogenetic stages (studied groups: juvenile and mature) in forest communities of the middle and northernmost boreal subzones (i.e. two habitat groups). Obtained results showed that the protein content in thalli of different ontogenetic stages and habitats did not differ significantly between the two studied groups and ranged from 3.4 to 3.8 mg g-1. Peroxidase (POD) activity was low and did not exceed 0.01 µmol TG mg-1 of protein. No significant differences between the studied groups (ontogenetic and habitat) in POD was found. On the contrary, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed significant differences. SOD activity ranged from 5.1 to 6.3 U mg-1 of protein. Significant differences were found between the SOD activity in juvenile and mature L. pulmonaria thalli in the communities of the northern boreal subzone (p = 0.043) and in juvenile thalli from different habitats (р = 0.020). In general, CAT activity ranged from 187 to 605 μmol H2O2 mg-1 protein. Significant differences in CAT activity were apparent between the thalli from the middle and northernmost boreal subzone communities (p=0.040). The differences in CAT activity values in juvenile and mature thalli in the northernmost boreal subzone (p = 0.006) were found as well. Juvenile thalli from different habitats (p = 0.008) differed. As a result we suggest that juvenile thalli might be more suitable for the purposes of bioindication of environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, since they are more sensitive in comparison to mature thalli.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43717021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although an extensive professional literature exists on biological soil crusts (BSCs), especially on the species composition of hetero- and autotrophs forming the micro-biological comunity, micromorphological information on BSCs is extremely scarce. In our study, we focused on microstructure of the BSCs from the James Ross Island (Antarctica). We combined the approach of digital microscopy to study surface roughness of the BSCs with taxonomy of BSC-forming autotrophs and chlorophyll fluorescence study focused on the photosynthetic functioning of BSCs when exposed to controlled UV-B stress. Microprofiling of BSCs resulted in the finding that the examined BSCs might be classified as fine-grained surface with roughness characteristics: Ra (37.9 μm) and Rz (136.9 μm). The BSCs were rich in microautotrophs, both algae and cyanobacteria, however, Microcoleus sp. was found dominating species. It formed multifilament ropes on and inside the BSCs. Under UV-B stress, Microcoleus- and Nostoc-dominated BSC parts showed similar sensitivity and acclimatory response so long-term UV-B treatment, however, Microcoleus seemed to be slightly more sensitive to UV-B. Microcoleus-dominated parts of BSCs showed less pronounced acclimation to UV-B treatment than Nostoc-dominated parts. It was reflected in lower values of maximum (FV/FM) and effective (FPSII) quantum yields recorded after 6 d exposition.
{"title":"Structure and function of biological soil crusts from Antarctica with a special respect to their microtopography and UV-B sensitivity","authors":"K. Trnková, Nele Tschense","doi":"10.5817/cpr2019-2-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cpr2019-2-20","url":null,"abstract":"Although an extensive professional literature exists on biological soil crusts (BSCs), especially on the species composition of hetero- and autotrophs forming the micro-biological comunity, micromorphological information on BSCs is extremely scarce. In our study, we focused on microstructure of the BSCs from the James Ross Island (Antarctica). We combined the approach of digital microscopy to study surface roughness of the BSCs with taxonomy of BSC-forming autotrophs and chlorophyll fluorescence study focused on the photosynthetic functioning of BSCs when exposed to controlled UV-B stress. Microprofiling of BSCs resulted in the finding that the examined BSCs might be classified as fine-grained surface with roughness characteristics: Ra (37.9 μm) and Rz (136.9 μm). The BSCs were rich in microautotrophs, both algae and cyanobacteria, however, Microcoleus sp. was found dominating species. It formed multifilament ropes on and inside the BSCs. Under UV-B stress, Microcoleus- and Nostoc-dominated BSC parts showed similar sensitivity and acclimatory response so long-term UV-B treatment, however, Microcoleus seemed to be slightly more sensitive to UV-B. Microcoleus-dominated parts of BSCs showed less pronounced acclimation to UV-B treatment than Nostoc-dominated parts. It was reflected in lower values of maximum (FV/FM) and effective (FPSII) quantum yields recorded after 6 d exposition.","PeriodicalId":37981,"journal":{"name":"Czech Polar Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47022216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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