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Saving Species: Dialectics of Environmental Stewardship in Maja Lunde’s Bienes Historie and Przewalskis Hest 拯救物种:马亚·伦德《历史》和普氏史的环境管理辩证法
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14688417.2022.2102524
Ida M. Olsen
ABSTRACT This article offers a critical investigation of Norwegian author Maja Lunde’s novels Bienes historie and Przewalskis hest . By exploring Lunde’s dramatisation of species conservation, I argue that the novels embody a vision where human stewardship, control and knowledge provide ways of averting ecological collapse. Yet closer inspection of Lunde’s work reveals that the texts also undermine faith in human mastery and environmental stewardship by foregrounding animal bio-resistance and human vulnerability in the face of ecological collapse. By negotiating between these two stances, Lunde demonstrates literature’s potential to provoke reflection around, and expose seductive ideas about, human mastery and techno-scientific solutions to environmental problems.
本文对挪威作家马娅·伦德的小说《Bienes history》和普氏小说《hest》进行了批判性考察。通过探索伦德对物种保护的戏剧化描写,我认为这些小说体现了一种愿景,即人类的管理、控制和知识为避免生态崩溃提供了途径。然而,仔细观察伦德的作品就会发现,这些文本通过突出动物的生物抗性和人类在面对生态崩溃时的脆弱性,也削弱了人们对人类主宰和环境管理的信心。通过在这两种立场之间进行协商,伦德展示了文学的潜力,可以激发人们对环境问题的反思,并揭示了人类掌握和技术科学解决环境问题的诱人想法。
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引用次数: 0
Where Landedness Ends: Gender, Power and Belonging in the Watery Poetry of Wendy Mulford, Frances Presley and Carol Watts 陆地性在哪里结束:温迪·马尔福德、弗朗西丝·普雷斯利和卡罗尔·沃茨水诗中的性别、权力和归属
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-07 DOI: 10.1080/14688417.2022.2049347
Philip Jones
ABSTRACT This article will establish how Wendy Mulford’s The East Anglia Sequence, Frances Presley’s Somerset Letters and Carol Watts’s Wrack explore the radical potential of reimagining female presence in terms of watery embodiment. Alongside attending to how identification with what Mulford calls the ‘sister sea’ allows these poets to work back against land-based experiences of economic, legal and political expropriation, this article will also explore the inevitable imbrication of differently constituted bodies of water within networks of political and economic exploitation, and the resulting ambiguity of watery becoming which shadows these texts. Given the formal qualities of poetic writing, this article is particularly interested in how these texts allow for consideration of what a hydropoetics might look like and how these poems begin to suggest ways for language to become unmoored from its conventionally terrestrial sites of articulation.
本文将探讨Wendy Mulford的《东安格利亚序列》、Frances Presley的《Somerset Letters》和Carol Watts的《Wrack》如何从水的化身角度探索重新想象女性存在的激进潜力。除了关注与马尔福德所谓的“姐妹海”的认同如何使这些诗人能够反击经济、法律和政治征用的陆地经验,本文还将探讨在政治和经济剥削网络中,不同构成的水体不可避免地相互交织,以及由此产生的模糊性,这些模糊性使这些文本蒙上了阴影。鉴于诗歌写作的正式性质,本文特别感兴趣的是这些文本如何考虑到水诗学可能是什么样子,以及这些诗歌如何开始建议语言脱离其传统的陆地发音地点。
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引用次数: 0
Basura: Cultures of Waste in Contemporary Spain 巴苏拉:当代西班牙的废物文化
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1080/14688417.2022.2037867
T. Day
I had been living in Madrid on and off for seven years when an historic strike by garbage workers left the streets and metro tunnels looking like museums of refuse. I found treasures during the strike: wide oak beams that I turned into a bench, a typewriter, vintage chairs that needed just a bit of encouragement. It was an exciting – if aromatic – moment in Madrid that followed close on the tails of the 15-M occupy movement that settled in Madrid‘s central plaza for months, a raucous reaction to Pope Benedict's 2011 visit, and a steady stream of evictions and protests resulting from the crisis that lingered on for the better part of a decade after 2008. Spain felt as if it were on the cusp of big tumultuous political and cultural change, and then . . . trash. Samuel Amago‘s book Basura: Cultures of Waste in Contemporary Spain takes that garbage strike as a rhetorical jumping off point to explore the agency of discarded things in all their guises. In this work of what he defines as ‘cultural archaeology‘, he looks at garbage through the lenses of object-oriented ontology, vital materialism and Hispanic studies, asking hard and relevant questions about what a culture‘s trash says about its values, but also diving deep into the creative currents generated by our cultures of waste. The questions are relevant because, as Amago points out, ‘Trash will likely be one of humanity's greatest contributions to the geologic record‘ (9). Cataloguing art projects from Tenerife to Santo Domingo, his book looks at how artists have channelled the raw materials of waste to speak to their contemporaries. He looks at artists as diverse as Pedro Almodóvar and Ángeles Villarta, a journalist who went deep undercover in 1950ʹs Spain to see the lives of the trapaderos – garbage sorters who wandered the city at night – up close. Amago claims that trash, which is fast becoming a lasting symbol of the anthropocene, is the perfect filter through which to capture the values of the Anthropocene:
我断断续续在马德里住了7年,当时一场历史性的垃圾工人罢工让街道和地铁隧道看起来像垃圾博物馆。在罢工期间,我发现了一些珍贵的东西:宽大的橡木横梁,我把它变成了一条长凳,一台打字机,几把老式的椅子,只需要一点鼓励。在马德里,这是一个激动人心的时刻——如果说是美妙的时刻——紧跟着在马德里中心广场持续数月的15-M占领运动,对教皇本笃2011年访问的喧嚣反应,以及2008年之后10年的大部分时间里持续不断的危机导致的驱逐和抗议。西班牙感觉自己正处于政治和文化大变革的风口浪尖,然后……垃圾。塞缪尔·阿马戈的书《巴苏拉:当代西班牙的废物文化》将这次垃圾罢工作为一个修辞的出发点,探讨了各种形式的废弃物品的作用。在这部被他定义为“文化考古学”的作品中,他通过面向对象的本体论、重要唯物主义和西班牙裔研究的视角来看待垃圾,提出了有关文化垃圾如何反映其价值的尖锐而相关的问题,同时也深入探讨了我们的垃圾文化所产生的创造性潮流。这些问题是相关的,因为正如Amago指出的那样,“垃圾可能是人类对地质记录的最大贡献之一”(9)。他的书对从特内里费岛到圣多明各的艺术项目进行了编目,探讨了艺术家如何利用废物的原材料与同时代人交谈。他关注的艺术家有佩德罗Almodóvar和Ángeles维拉塔,维拉塔是一名记者,他在20世纪50年代的西班牙深入卧底,近距离观察特拉帕德罗(夜间在城市里游荡的垃圾分拣工)的生活。Amago声称,垃圾正迅速成为人类世的持久象征,是捕捉人类世价值的完美过滤器。
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引用次数: 0
Science Fiction and Climate Change: A Sociological Approach 科幻小说与气候变化:一种社会学方法
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1080/14688417.2022.2037865
Jasmin Kirkbride
to this are the terms ‘affections’ and ‘sympathies’, though these are redefined to encompass forces within the human which are not themselves human in origin. Bennett claims, for instance, that the ‘ahuman’ tendency for animal bodies to form connections with one another has been widely neglected in modern political discourse and that this has exacerbated earthdestroying and fascist trends that a renewed democratic culture would oppose (xix). Drawing on Thoreau’s notion of ‘solar judgment’ – a form of radical impartiality, comparable to the sun’s shining equally on all things – Bennett suggests that learning to attend more fully to the body and the forces within it which precede or exceed cognition could foster a more ecological and generous form of democracy (46–7). One cannot, Bennett grants, dwell forever in Thoreau’s solar interval; this would be antisocial and result in inaction. Folding such moments into our regular political activity, however, would provide more space for the emergence of new claims, voices, rights, identities, habits, modes of consumption, and ways of being. Bennett readily concedes that if, as many theorists have assumed, politics is nothing more than agonistic relations between human groups, then her book is strictly irrelevant to politics. It is her wager, however, that this way of understanding and practising politics is too thin and requires supplementation by any and all affects and energies capable of contributing to social transformation. By bracketing everyday, electoral politics and going back to its ontological roots, Bennett shows how we are caught up in and constantly acted upon by vibrant nonhuman forces that influence our decision-making. It is precisely because of the ubiquity of such forces that she recommends that we follow Whitman and Thoreau in sensitising ourselves to their presence in order to steer them in a more democratic and ecologically responsible direction. In the conclusion, Bennett sums up the aim of her book as being to initiate new thinking within the humanities about ‘experiences of the self that exceed anthropocentric propensities’ (118). There is good reason to think that Influx and Efflux will succeed in this.
这就是“情感”和“同情”这两个术语,尽管它们被重新定义为包含人类内部本身不是人类起源的力量。例如,班尼特声称,动物身体之间形成联系的“非人类”倾向在现代政治话语中被广泛忽视,这加剧了一种新的民主文化所反对的破坏地球和法西斯趋势(19)。就像太阳平等地照耀着万物一样,班尼特认为,学会更充分地关注身体和身体内部先于或超越认知的力量,可以培育出一种更生态、更慷慨的民主形式(46-7)。贝内特承认,一个人不可能永远生活在梭罗的太阳周期中;这将是反社会的,并导致无所作为。然而,将这样的时刻纳入我们日常的政治活动中,将为新的要求、声音、权利、身份、习惯、消费模式和存在方式的出现提供更多的空间。贝内特欣然承认,如果像许多理论家所假设的那样,政治只不过是人类群体之间的敌对关系,那么她的书与政治完全无关。然而,她打赌,这种理解和实践政治的方式过于单薄,需要任何能够促进社会变革的影响和能量来补充。班尼特将日常的选举政治纳入其中,并追溯其本体论根源,展示了我们是如何陷入并不断受到影响我们决策的充满活力的非人类力量的影响。正是因为这些力量无处不在,她建议我们效仿惠特曼和梭罗,对它们的存在保持敏感,以便将它们引向更民主、更负责任的生态方向。在结论中,贝内特总结了她的书的目的是在人文学科中发起关于“超越人类中心主义倾向的自我体验”的新思维(118)。我们有充分的理由认为,“流入”和“流出”将在这方面取得成功。
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引用次数: 0
Between Care and Control: The Patagonian Cougar’s Tale 在关心与控制之间:巴塔哥尼亚美洲狮的故事
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14688417.2022.2034513
Soledad Altrudi
ABSTRACT This article focuses on a rewilding project in Santa Cruz, Argentina, that seeks to restore the Patagonian ecosystem through the active management of species, especially the cougar or puma. Highlighting the role that media technologies play, this work argues that camera traps and satellite collars employed to enact rewilding practices are also concerned with the management of people and their perceptions. Furthermore, the article suggests that the imaginaries sustaining these practices of conservation are predicated on controlling future animal behavior just as they are on preserving it, considering that this rewilding initiative seeks to habituate pumas to the presence of humans so that their bodies can be put to work in the service of ecotourism. In so doing, the modes of futuring enacted through this conservation continue to place wild animals as something to be looked-at, and nature as something that must be sold to be saved.
本文主要介绍了阿根廷圣克鲁斯的一个野生化项目,该项目旨在通过对物种的积极管理来恢复巴塔哥尼亚生态系统,特别是美洲狮或美洲狮。这项工作强调了媒体技术所起的作用,认为用于制定野化实践的相机陷阱和卫星项圈也与人的管理及其观念有关。此外,这篇文章还提出,考虑到这一野生化倡议旨在使美洲狮适应人类的存在,以便它们的身体能够为生态旅游服务,维持这些保护措施的设想是建立在控制未来动物行为的基础上的,就像他们保护动物一样。在这样做的过程中,通过这种保护制定的未来模式将继续把野生动物视为值得观赏的东西,把自然视为必须出售才能拯救的东西。
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引用次数: 0
Apocalyptic Time: Vegan Taxidermy, the Remains of Dolly the Sheep, and Bio-Engineered Art(ificiality) in the Time of Mass Species Extinction 世界末日的时间:素食动物标本,多利羊的遗骸,生物工程艺术(公正性)在大规模物种灭绝的时间
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14688417.2022.2034514
Miranda Niittynen
ABSTRACT In this article, I complicate the ways that scientists and artists stage unique taxidermied animals. I look to what present-day taxidermy sculpture examples can teach us about human fears of extinction. Taxidermy has been repurposed in art galleries and is used to commemorate famous animals, such as ‘Dolly’, a cloned Finn Dorset sheep. I explore how taxidermy art can be used to theorize and think through anthropocentric apocalyptic time. In order to challenge artificial human notions of origins and ends, I place Dolly’s taxidermied remains in dialogue with Robert Marbury’s ‘vegan’ taxidermy sculpture of a woolly mammoth, made from discarded plush toys. Taxidermied Dolly (an animal that transcends ‘natural’ origins) and Marbury’s mammoth (a faux taxidermy piece that does not use real animal skin) blur boundaries – the real from the fake, the authentic from the gaff – and help us think through the temporal limits of human knowledge.
在这篇文章中,我把科学家和艺术家展示独特动物标本的方式复杂化了。我想看看现在的标本雕塑能告诉我们人类对灭绝的恐惧。动物标本在艺术画廊中被重新利用,用来纪念著名的动物,比如克隆的芬恩多塞特羊“多莉”。我探索如何用标本艺术来理论化和思考人类中心的世界末日。为了挑战人造人类起源和终结的概念,我将多莉的标本遗体与罗伯特·马布里(Robert Marbury)用废弃的毛绒玩具制成的“素食”猛犸象标本雕塑进行了对话。动物标本多莉(一种超越“自然”起源的动物)和马布里的猛犸象(一种不使用真正动物皮肤的人造标本)模糊了界限——真假,真假——并帮助我们思考人类知识的时间限制。
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引用次数: 0
Game Preserves: Digital Animals at the Brink of the Post-Anthropocene 游戏保护区:后人类世边缘的数字动物
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14688417.2021.2023607
J. Wallin
ABSTRACT As we enter what scientists are calling the 6th mass extinction of life on this planet, we are forced to confront the prospect of a future world without animals. Despite the disappearance of ‘real’ animals in the wake of global ecocatastrophe however, animals proliferate in the ‘Anthropocene’ imaginary, and in particular, through contemporary video games as they reimagine the future relationship of humans and animal life increasingly withdrawn from the lives of humans. The animal imagined in video games herein serves not only to re-join the animal to a culture that has no more room for nature, but to preserve the animal as a sign of our status and significance on a rapidly changing planet. Herein, the surgical remaking of animals within video games constitutes an augury on the future status of the animal and the preservation of its existence via simulation, where it is yet made to labor in the psychical models of liberalism and humanism intimate to the conceits of Anthropocene thinking. Drawing largely from the scholarship of Jean Baudrillard (1994) and his developments on the transmutation of animals from ontological equal to hyperreal companion, this essay will analyze a number of contemporary video games (e.g. Fallout, the Outer Worlds) in which hyperreal animal companions are prominently featured. Following, the essay will aim to articulate the hyperreal reformatting of animality as both an index of our contemporary relationship with non-humans and as a mode of responding to the threat of extinction in the Anthropocene era.
当我们进入科学家所说的地球上第六次生物大灭绝时,我们被迫面对一个没有动物的未来世界的前景。尽管“真实的”动物在全球生态灾难中消失,但动物在“人类世”的想象中繁殖,特别是通过现代电子游戏,它们重新想象人类和动物的未来关系,并逐渐退出人类的生活。电子游戏中想象的动物不仅是为了让动物重新融入一个没有更多自然空间的文化,而且是为了保护动物,使其成为我们在这个快速变化的星球上的地位和意义的标志。在这里,电子游戏中对动物的外科手术式重制构成了对动物未来地位的预示,并通过模拟来保存其存在,在这种情况下,它仍然在自由主义和人文主义的心理模型中劳动,与人类世界的思想观念密切相关。本文主要借鉴Jean Baudrillard(1994)的研究成果,以及他对动物从本体平等到超真实伴侣的转变的研究进展,分析了一些当代电子游戏(如《辐射》、《外层世界》)中超真实动物伴侣的突出特征。接下来,这篇文章的目的是阐明动物作为我们当代与非人类关系的指标以及作为应对人类世时代灭绝威胁的一种模式的超真实的重新格式化。
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引用次数: 2
Shifting Matter and Meanings in Japanese Seafood Assemblages: Fish as Functional Food Cyborgs and Emblematic Cultural Commodities 日本海鲜组合中的转移物质和意义:鱼作为功能性食品机器人和象征性文化商品
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14688417.2021.2023033
Sonja Ganseforth
ABSTRACT Despite the central role of seafood in Japanese cuisine, domestic fisheries are facing a severe crisis. Based on anthropological field research in fishing communities in southwestern Japan as well as on a sampling of cultural representations of fish, this contribution examines the changing cultural and socio-economic meanings and matter of fish in Japanese seafood assemblages: from sentient beings and commons cohabitants under existential threat from anthropogenic environmental change to their use as food for human consumption and their role in the livelihoods of fishers and coastal communities. The analysis finds a growing polarisation in the Japanese seafood sector as the cyborg fish of highly-processed food products and globally traded commodities inundate markets and dinner plates, while locally caught animals turn from basic foodstuff into folklorist stars of a vanishing rurality, a symbol of authenticity and national identity advertised as cultural commodities in romanticising campaigns to revitalise rural areas.
尽管海鲜在日本料理中扮演着核心角色,但国内渔业正面临着严重的危机。基于对日本西南部渔业社区的人类学实地研究,以及对鱼类文化表征的抽样,本贡献研究了日本海产品组合中不断变化的文化和社会经济意义以及鱼类的物质:从人类环境变化威胁下的有情生物和共同居住者,到它们作为人类消费的食物,以及它们在渔民和沿海社区生计中的作用。分析发现,日本海产品行业的两极分化日益严重,因为深加工食品和全球交易商品中的机器人鱼充斥着市场和餐盘,而在当地捕获的动物从基本食品变成了民俗明星,象征着正在消失的乡村风情,在振兴农村地区的浪漫化运动中,它们被宣传为文化商品,象征着真实性和国家身份。
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引用次数: 1
Animal Futurity: An Introduction to the Special Issue 动物的未来:特刊简介
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14688417.2022.2074511
N. Castle, Giulia Champion
ABSTRACT In order to contextualise the Animal Futurity special issue, this introduction will examine some of the ways in which humans have historically (and continuing to the present day) been enmeshed with the lives of non-human animals (NHAs), setting the stage for why alternative imaginaries for human-NHA relations are urgently necessary. This contextualisation highlights the tension between human reliance on (and relationships with) NHAs and their increasing invisibilisation. It puts pressure on the ways in which NHAs are compromised by their implication in global capital markets, and opens up avenues for the discussions of ethical consideration and care that are carried through into the articles themselves. The introduction will then conclude by offering a roadmap of the articles in the issue.
为了将《动物未来》特刊的背景化,本引言将研究人类历史上(并持续到今天)与非人类动物(nha)的生活纠缠在一起的一些方式,为为什么人类与nha关系的替代想象奠定基础。这种情境化强调了人类对非营利性机构的依赖(以及与之的关系)与它们日益被忽视之间的紧张关系。它对nha因其在全球资本市场中的影响而受到损害的方式施加了压力,并为讨论伦理考虑和关怀开辟了途径,这些讨论贯穿于文章本身。然后,引言将通过提供本期文章的路线图来结束。
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引用次数: 0
What Stories Do We Tell About the Critters Involved with CRISPR-Cas? Examining Scientists’ Reflections on Multispecies Relationships in Gene Editing Research 关于与CRISPR-Cas相关的生物,我们讲述了哪些故事?基因编辑研究中科学家对多物种关系的思考
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14688417.2022.2029716
Amy Clare
ABSTRACT Scientists researching xenotransplantation and mosquito-focused gene drives are claiming breakthroughs in their fields due to the gene editing technology CRISPR-Cas. When speaking about these applications, scientists narrate them as tools to save human lives. Through this focus on human health, the critters who are edited and intimately involved remain obscured. To bring these creatures into the conversation, I engage with scientists in both fields and provide a space for them to reflect upon their research practices with non-human animals. Through this, scientists’ stories start to deviate from the focus of human health. Their narrations shift as they draw upon a broader range of repertoires incorporating environmental concerns and experiences of affect. My findings build upon feminist science studies by contributing more nuanced narrations of multispecies relationships in gene editing research. I advocate that cultivating space for diverse stories to emerge from researchers working with CRISPR-Cas can produce avenues for response-ability.
研究异种移植和蚊子基因驱动的科学家声称,由于基因编辑技术CRISPR-Cas,他们在各自的领域取得了突破。当谈到这些应用时,科学家们将它们描述为拯救人类生命的工具。通过对人类健康的关注,被编辑并密切相关的生物仍然模糊不清。为了让这些生物进入对话,我与这两个领域的科学家进行了接触,并为他们提供了一个空间,让他们反思他们对非人类动物的研究实践。通过这一点,科学家们的故事开始偏离人类健康的焦点。他们的叙述随着他们利用更广泛的曲目而发生变化,包括环境问题和情感经历。我的发现建立在女权主义科学研究的基础上,对基因编辑研究中的多物种关系进行了更细致的描述。我主张为研究CRISPR-Cas的研究人员的不同故事提供空间,可以为响应能力提供途径。
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引用次数: 0
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