Addictive Behaviors Reports最新文献_第10页

Emergency care utilization in persons with substance related diagnoses 药物相关诊断患者的急诊护理利用

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100573

Wayne Kepner , Natasia S. Courchesne-Krak , Nora Satybaldiyeva , Rekha Narasimhan , Carla B. Marienfeld

Background

Substance use is a significant contributor to emergency department (ED) visits. Little is known about ED utilization patterns of individuals with substance related diagnosis (SRD). We used electronic health records (EHR) from a large healthcare system in California to examine ED healthcare utilization and socio-demographic characteristics of individuals with SRDs.

Methods

We used EHR data on all adult patients in our health system from April 2012 through September 2019 to conduct adjusted logistic regression models to determine socio-demographic correlates of SRDs (e.g., use, misuse, dependence) and associations between having an SRD and receiving emergency care.

Results

Among the sample (n = 342,651), the majority were female (55.08 %), Non-Hispanic White (58.10 %), with mean age of 48.26 (SD = 18.10), and there were 18,015 (5.26 %) individuals with an SRD. Patients with an alcohol-related diagnosis had the highest odds of visiting the ED (aOR = 3.75), followed by those with opioid (aOR = 3.57) and stimulant-related diagnoses (aOR = 3.48). Individuals with an SRD were more likely to identify as male, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latinx, have no health insurance, and have a serious mental illness. In the adjusted model, those with an SRD were significantly more likely to have ever received emergency care (aOR 3.72 [95 % CI 3.62–3.84]) than those without an SRD.

Discussion

Our study found an association between having an SRD and utilizing emergency health services. Demographic characteristics suggest disparities exist for those with SRDs around gender, race/ethnicity, insurance status, and mental health. These data can help with screening and targeted responses to prevent or provide emergency care.

物质使用是急诊就诊的一个重要因素。关于物质相关诊断（SRD）个体的ED使用模式知之甚少。我们使用来自加利福尼亚大型医疗保健系统的电子健康记录（EHR）来检查患有SRDs的个体的ED医疗保健利用和社会人口统计学特征。方法：我们使用2012年4月至2019年9月我国卫生系统中所有成年患者的电子病历数据，进行调整后的logistic回归模型，以确定SRD的社会人口学相关性（例如，使用、滥用、依赖）以及SRD与接受急诊护理之间的关联。结果样本（n = 342,651）中，女性居多（55.08%），非西班牙裔白人居多（58.10%），平均年龄48.26岁（SD = 18.10）， SRD患者18,015例（5.26%）。诊断为酒精相关的患者访问ED的几率最高（aOR = 3.75），其次是阿片类药物（aOR = 3.57）和兴奋剂相关的诊断（aOR = 3.48）。患有SRD的人更有可能认为自己是男性，黑人/非裔美国人，西班牙裔/拉丁裔，没有医疗保险，并且有严重的精神疾病。在调整后的模型中，有SRD的患者比没有SRD的患者更有可能接受过紧急护理（aOR 3.72 [95% CI 3.62-3.84]）。我们的研究发现SRD与利用紧急卫生服务之间存在关联。人口统计学特征表明，在性别、种族/民族、保险状况和心理健康方面存在着性别差异。这些数据有助于筛查和有针对性的应对措施，以预防或提供紧急护理。

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引用次数: 0

Cigarette smoking status and COVID-19 hospitalization in the context of cannabis use: An electronic health record cohort study in northern California 吸食大麻情况下的吸烟状况和 COVID-19 住院情况：加利福尼亚州北部电子健康记录队列研究

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100565

Dian Gu , Patrick Ha , Jesse T. Kaye , Michael C. Fiore , Janice Y. Tsoh

Background

Research investigating the association between cigarette smoking and COVID-19 outcomes has yielded mixed results, often overlooking cannabis use. This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and COVID-19 hospitalization with consideration of cannabis use.

Methods

We used electronic health record data from adult patients with COVID-19 (2/1/2020 to 2/3/2022) at a northern California academic medical center. The outcome was COVID-19 hospitalization. We conducted three multivariable logistic models to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and hospitalization. Model 1 included cigarette smoking status and other covariates; Model 2 added cannabis use status to Model 1; Model 3 added interaction term of cigarette and cannabis use to Model 2, followed by a post-hoc analysis.

Results

Of the 14,440 patients, 8.5 % had COVID-19 hospitalization, 4.9 % and 24.1 % currently and formerly smoked cigarettes, respectively; 7.2 % currently used cannabis, 62.8 % had unknown cannabis use status. Both current and former cigarettes smoking were associated with hospitalization (Models 1–2). In Model 3, the cigarette-cannabis interaction was significant. Former cigarette smoking had higher odds for hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.36; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.70) only among people who did not currently use cannabis. Current cigarette smoking yielded higher odds of hospitalization (AOR = 1.47; 95 % CI 1.02–2.12) among people whose cannabis use was unknown. Cigarette smoking status was not associated with hospitalization among people who currently used cannabis.

Conclusions

Cigarette smoking’s associations with COVID-19 hospitalization varied by cannabis use. Future research should include both cigarette and cannabis use in understanding risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes.

背景对吸烟与 COVID-19 结果之间关系的研究结果不一，通常忽略了大麻的使用。本研究考察了吸烟与 COVID-19 住院之间的关系，并考虑了大麻的使用情况。方法我们使用了北加州一家学术医疗中心 COVID-19 成年患者的电子健康记录数据（2020 年 1 月 2 日至 2022 年 3 月 2 日）。结果为 COVID-19 住院治疗。我们建立了三个多变量逻辑模型来研究吸烟与住院之间的关系。模型 1 包括吸烟状况和其他协变量；模型 2 在模型 1 的基础上增加了大麻使用状况；模型 3 在模型 2 的基础上增加了吸烟和大麻使用的交互项，然后进行了事后分析。结果在 14,440 名患者中，8.5% 的人曾因 COVID-19 住院，目前和以前吸烟的比例分别为 4.9% 和 24.1%；7.2% 的人目前使用大麻，62.8% 的人大麻使用状况不明。目前和以前吸烟均与住院治疗有关（模型 1-2）。在模型 3 中，香烟与大麻的交互作用非常显著。只有在目前不吸食大麻的人群中，曾经吸食过香烟的人才有更高的住院几率（调整后的几率比 [AOR] = 1.36；95 % 置信区间 [CI] 1.09-1.70）。在大麻使用情况未知的人群中，目前吸烟导致的住院几率更高（调整几率比 [AOR] = 1.47；95 % 置信区间 [CI] 1.02-2.12）。结论吸烟与 COVID-19 住院治疗的关系因大麻使用情况而异。在了解 COVID-19 结果的风险因素时，未来的研究应同时考虑吸烟和吸食大麻的情况。

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引用次数: 0

Reasons for choosing sober living houses and their associations with substance use recovery outcomes 选择戒毒所的原因及其与药物使用康复结果的关系

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100557

Elizabeth Mahoney , Meenakshi Subbaraman , Amy A. Mericle , Douglas L. Polcin

Background

Sober living houses (SLHs) offer abstinence-based housing for people in recovery. Studies have shown that these supportive environments are associated with positive outcomes, yet little is known about why residents choose SLHs and their relationship to recovery outcomes.

Methods

Longitudinal data were collected from SLH residents who completed an interview six months after baseline (N = 462). Participants rated the importance of eight reasons for choosing SLHs. Multilevel models assessed whether reasons for choosing were associated with outcomes abstinence on the Timeline Followback, psychiatric distress via the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ), employment problems severity on Addiction Severity Index (ASI), and length of stay (LOS).

Results

The most frequently cited reasons residents chose SLHs were affordability (74.4 %) and wanting to live with others in recovery (63.2 %). Reasons for choosing were not associated with neither LOS nor abstinence, except for not wanting to live with others in recovery predicting abstinence from all drugs except marijuana. Choosing SLHs due to affordability was associated with less psychiatric distress; no other place to live was associated with increased psychiatric distress (Ps < 0.05). Severity of employment problems was associated with choosing SLHs based on location, transportation, and someone else paying fees (Ps < 0.01).

Conclusion

Residents seek entry into SLHs to live affordably with others in recovery. Those who had no other option had greater psychiatric distress, thus supporting findings of housing instability being related to mental health. Reasons for choosing related to employment problems severity may reflect how concerns about employment impact housing choices.

背景戒酒屋（SLHs）为康复者提供以戒酒为基础的住房。研究表明，这些支持性环境与积极的结果有关，但人们对居民选择戒毒所的原因及其与康复结果的关系却知之甚少。研究方法从在基线六个月后完成访谈的戒毒所居民中收集纵向数据（N = 462）。参与者对选择 SLH 的八个原因的重要性进行了评分。多层次模型评估了选择原因是否与 "时间线跟踪回溯"（Timeline Followback）中的戒断结果、"精神诊断筛查问卷"（PDSQ）中的精神困扰、"成瘾严重程度指数"（ASI）中的就业问题严重程度以及住院时间（LOS）相关。结果居民选择 SLHs 的最常见原因是经济实惠（74.4%）和希望与其他戒毒者同住（63.2%）。选择的原因与住院时间和戒毒情况都无关，但不想与其他戒毒者同住的原因与戒除除大麻以外的所有毒品的情况有关。因经济能力而选择 SLH 与精神压力较小有关；没有其他居住地与精神压力增加有关（Ps < 0.05）。就业问题的严重程度与根据地点、交通和由他人支付费用等因素选择 SLHs 有关（Ps < 0.01）。那些没有其他选择的人有更大的精神压力，从而支持了住房不稳定与精神健康有关的结论。与就业问题严重程度相关的选择原因可能反映了对就业的担忧对住房选择的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Sex differences in the prospective association of excessively long reaction times and hazardous cannabis use at six months 反应时间过长与六个月内危险吸食大麻的前瞻性关联中的性别差异

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100558

Xu Yan , Margaret F. Bedillion , Eric D. Claus , Cynthia Huang-Pollock , Emily B. Ansell

Objective

The neurocognitive risk mechanisms predicting divergent outcomes likely differ between men and women who use cannabis recreationally. Increasingly, the use of descriptive distributions including the ex-Gaussian has been applied to draw stronger inferences about neurocognitive health in clinical populations. The current project examines whether the long tail of reaction times (RTs) in a distribution, as characterized by the ex-Gaussian parameter tau which may represent difficulty with the regulation of arousal, predicts problematic cannabis use 6 months later in those who use cannabis recreationally, and whether sex moderates these prospective associations.

Method

Young adults (ages 18–30, mean age 20.5 years, N =159, 57.2% women, 69.2% Caucasian) who recreationally used cannabis either occasionally (at least once per month) or frequently (three times or more per week) completed the Stroop Color-Word Task at baseline. Ex-Gaussian parameter tau was estimated for each participant. Self-report of hazardous cannabis use (CUDIT-R) and dysregulation of negative (DERS) and positive emotions (DERS-Positive) were obtained at baseline and 6-month follow-up.

Results

For those with larger tau at baseline, being a man (but not a woman) was associated with increased difficulty regulating positive emotions concurrently (b = −0.01, F (1,159) = 5.48, p = 0.02), and with hazardous cannabis use six months later (b = −0.007, F (1,159) = 4.42, p = 0.037) after controlling for baseline hazardous cannabis use.

Conclusions

Excessively long RTs during cognitive performance may help characterize men at risk for increased hazardous use, which contributes to understanding between-sex heterogeneity in pathways towards cannabis use disorders.

目标预测不同结果的神经认知风险机制在休闲使用大麻的男性和女性之间可能存在差异。包括外高斯分布在内的描述性分布越来越多地被用于对临床人群的神经认知健康做出更有力的推断。本项目研究了反应时间（RTs）分布的长尾（以可能代表唤醒调节困难的外高斯参数 tau 为特征）是否会预测娱乐性吸食大麻者 6 个月后的大麻使用问题，以及性别是否会调节这些前瞻性关联。方法偶尔（每月至少一次）或经常（每周三次或三次以上）使用大麻的年轻人（18-30 岁，平均年龄 20.5 岁，人数=159，57.2% 为女性，69.2% 为白种人）在基线时完成 Stroop 颜色词任务。对每位参与者的前高斯参数 tau 进行了估计。结果对于基线 tau 值较大的受试者，男性（而非女性）与同时调节积极情绪的难度增加相关（b = -0.01，F (1,159) = 5.48，p = 0.结论在认知表现期间过长的实时时间可能有助于确定有增加危险使用大麻风险的男性的特征，这有助于了解大麻使用障碍的途径中性别间的异质性。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of provoked stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in individuals with alcohol use disorder 诱发应激对酒精使用障碍个体无模型和基于模型的强化学习的影响

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100574

Florent Wyckmans , Armand Chatard , Charles Kornreich , Damien Gruson , Nemat Jaafari , Xavier Noël

Background

From both clinical and theoretical perspectives, understanding the functionality of evaluative reinforcement learning mechanisms (Model-Free, MF, and Model-Based, MB) under provoked stress, particularly in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), is crucial yet underexplored. This study aims to evaluate whether individuals with AUD who do not seek treatment show a greater tendency towards retrospective behaviors (MF) rather than prospective and deliberative simulations (MB) compared to controls. Additionally, it examines the impact of induced social stress on these decision-making processes.

Methods

A cohort comprising 117 participants, including 55 individuals with AUD and 62 controls, was examined. Acute social stress was induced through the socially evaluated cold pressor task (SECPT), followed by engagement in a Two-Step Markov task to assess MB and MF learning tendencies. We measured hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis stress response using salivary cortisol levels.

Results

Both groups showed similar baseline cortisol levels and responses to the SECPT. Our findings indicate that participants with AUD exhibit a reduced reliance on MB strategies compared to those without AUD. Furthermore, stress decreases reliance on MB strategies in healthy participants, but this effect is not observed in those with AUD.

Conclusion

An atypical pattern of stress modulation impacting the balance between MB and MF reinforcement learning was identified in individuals with AUD who are not seeking treatment. Potential explanations for these findings and their clinical implications are explored.

从临床和理论的角度来看，理解诱发性压力下，特别是酒精使用障碍（AUD）中评估性强化学习机制（无模型，MF和基于模型，MB）的功能是至关重要的，但尚未得到充分探索。本研究旨在评估与对照组相比，不寻求治疗的AUD患者是否更倾向于回顾性行为（MF），而不是前瞻性和审慎模拟（MB）。此外，它还考察了诱发的社会压力对这些决策过程的影响。方法对117名参与者进行队列研究，其中55名AUD患者和62名对照组。通过社会评价冷压任务（SECPT）诱发急性社会压力，然后参与两步马尔可夫任务来评估MB和MF学习倾向。我们使用唾液皮质醇水平测量下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴应激反应。结果两组的基线皮质醇水平和对SECPT的反应相似。我们的研究结果表明，与没有AUD的参与者相比，AUD参与者对MB策略的依赖程度降低。此外，压力降低了健康参与者对MB策略的依赖，但在AUD患者中没有观察到这种影响。结论在不寻求治疗的AUD患者中发现了影响MB和MF强化学习平衡的非典型应激调节模式。对这些发现的潜在解释及其临床意义进行了探讨。

{"title":"Impact of provoked stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in individuals with alcohol use disorder","authors":"Florent Wyckmans , Armand Chatard , Charles Kornreich , Damien Gruson , Nemat Jaafari , Xavier Noël","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>From both clinical and theoretical perspectives, understanding the functionality of evaluative reinforcement learning mechanisms (Model-Free, MF, and Model-Based, MB) under provoked stress, particularly in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), is crucial yet underexplored. This study aims to evaluate whether individuals with AUD who do not seek treatment show a greater tendency towards retrospective behaviors (MF) rather than prospective and deliberative simulations (MB) compared to controls. Additionally, it examines the impact of induced social stress on these decision-making processes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cohort comprising 117 participants, including 55 individuals with AUD and 62 controls, was examined. Acute social stress was induced through the socially evaluated cold pressor task (SECPT), followed by engagement in a Two-Step Markov task to assess MB and MF learning tendencies. We measured hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis stress response using salivary cortisol levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups showed similar baseline cortisol levels and responses to the SECPT. Our findings indicate that participants with AUD exhibit a reduced reliance on MB strategies compared to those without AUD. Furthermore, stress decreases reliance on MB strategies in healthy participants, but this effect is not observed in those with AUD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An atypical pattern of stress modulation impacting the balance between MB and MF reinforcement learning was identified in individuals with AUD who are not seeking treatment. Potential explanations for these findings and their clinical implications are explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic factors associated with substance use disorder relapse: A critical review 与药物使用障碍复发相关的基因组因素：重要综述

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100569

Noora Al-Marzooqi , Hanan Al-Suhail , Mohammad O. AlRefai , Hamid A Alhaj

Several genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the elevated substance use disorder (SUD) relapse vulnerability, yet a comprehensive investigation into these factors is lacking. This review aims to delve into current literature to highlight key genomic factors associated with SUD relapse.

Focusing on genetic predisposition and epigenetic modifications the review synthesized research findings of several genetic polymorphisms, histone modifications and DNA methylation patterns contributing to the initiation of SUD and the elevated relapse susceptibility. Notably, specific gene polymorphisms, such as Dopamine Receptor D2 gene (DRD2), Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Alpha gene (GABRA2), Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, Dopamine Transporter (DAT1) gene and others were identified to be connected to various patterns of SUD relapse. Furthermore, SUD initiation and relapse has been shown to be influenced by epigenetics. Specifically, CpG hypermethylation has been associated with severe alcohol use disorder in the 5′ untranslated region of the Bladder Cancer Associated Protein gene (BLCAP) and the upstream region of the Active BCR Related gene (ABR). Co-users of cannabis and tobacco showed notable variations in CpG site methylation, especially at the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor (AHRR), and factor II receptor-like 3 gene sites (F2RL3).

In conclusion, there is good evidence of certain associations between genomic factors and relapse to SUD. However, further research is needed to ascertain causality effects of these factors and develop novel interventions for effective treatment and relapse prevention.

多种遗传和表观遗传因素导致药物使用障碍（SUD）复发率升高，但目前还缺乏对这些因素的全面调查。本综述旨在深入研究当前的文献，以突出与药物滥用症复发相关的关键基因组因素。本综述以遗传易感性和表观遗传修饰为重点，综合了几种基因多态性、组蛋白修饰和 DNA 甲基化模式的研究结果，这些基因多态性、组蛋白修饰和 DNA 甲基化模式是导致药物滥用症发病和复发易感性升高的原因。值得注意的是，多巴胺受体 D2 基因 (DRD2)、γ-氨基丁酸受体 Alpha 基因 (GABRA2)、儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶 (COMT) 基因、多巴胺转运体 (DAT1) 基因等特定基因的多态性被确认与各种 SUD 复发模式有关。此外，事实证明，药物依赖性成瘾的诱发和复发受表观遗传学的影响。具体来说，在膀胱癌相关蛋白基因（BLCAP）的 5′非翻译区和活性 BCR 相关基因（ABR）的上游区域，CpG 高甲基化与严重酗酒症有关。大麻和烟草的共同使用者在 CpG 位点甲基化方面表现出明显的差异，尤其是在芳香烃受体抑制因子（AHRR）和因子 II 受体样 3 基因位点（F2RL3）。总之，有充分证据表明基因组因素与药物滥用的复发之间存在某些关联，但还需要进一步研究，以确定这些因素的因果关系，并开发新的干预措施，从而有效治疗和预防复发。

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引用次数: 0

Acceptability of heart rate-based remote monitoring of smoking status 基于心率的吸烟状况远程监测的可接受性

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100561

Matthew Mitnick , Shelby Goodwin , Mikaela Bubna , Justin S. White , Bethany R. Raiff

Introduction

Digital interventions present a scalable solution to overcome barriers to smoking cessation treatment, and changes in resting heart rate (HR) may offer a viable option for monitoring smoking status remotely. The goal of this study was to explore the acceptability of using smartphone cameras and activity trackers to measure heart rate for use in a smoking cessation intervention.

Methods

Participants (N=410), most of whom identified as female (75.8 %) with mean age 38.3 years (SD 11.4), were recruited via the Smoke Free app. They rated the perceived comfort, convenience, and likelihood of using smartphone cameras and wrist-worn devices for HR monitoring as an objective measure of smoking abstinence. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed differences in acceptability across device types and whether the participant owned an activity tracker/smartwatch or smartphone.

Results

Participants reported high levels of acceptability for both HR monitoring methods, with activity trackers/smartwatches rated more favorably in terms of comfort, convenience, and likelihood of use compared to smartphone cameras. Participants indicated a statistically significantly greater likelihood of using the activity tracker/smartwatch over the smartphone camera. Participants viewed the activity tracker/smartwatch as more acceptable than the smartphone camera (87.0% vs 50.0%).

Conclusions

HR monitoring via smartphone cameras and wrist-worn devices was deemed acceptable among people interested in quitting smoking. Wrist-worn devices, in particular, were preferred, suggesting their potential as a scalable, user-friendly method for remotely monitoring smoking status. These findings support the need for further exploration and implementation of HR monitoring technology in smoking cessation research and interventions.

导言数字干预是克服戒烟治疗障碍的一种可扩展的解决方案，静息心率（HR）的变化可为远程监测吸烟状况提供一种可行的选择。本研究的目的是探讨在戒烟干预中使用智能手机摄像头和活动追踪器测量心率的可接受性。方法通过Smoke Free应用程序招募参与者（N=410），其中大部分为女性（75.8%），平均年龄38.3岁（SD 11.4）。他们对使用智能手机摄像头和腕戴式设备监测心率作为客观戒烟指标的舒适度、便利性和可能性进行了评分。Wilcoxon 符号秩检验和 Kruskal-Wallis 检验评估了不同设备类型接受度的差异，以及参与者是否拥有活动追踪器/智能手表或智能手机。结果参与者对两种心率监测方法的接受度都很高，与智能手机摄像头相比，活动追踪器/智能手表在舒适度、便利性和使用可能性方面的评分更高。据统计，参与者使用活动追踪器/智能手表的可能性明显高于智能手机摄像头。参与者认为活动追踪器/智能手表比智能手机摄像头更容易接受（87.0% 对 50.0%）。通过智能手机摄像头和腕戴式设备监测吸烟状况在有意戒烟的人群中被认为是可以接受的，尤其是腕戴式设备更受青睐，这表明它们有可能成为一种可扩展的、用户友好的远程监测吸烟状况的方法。这些发现支持了在戒烟研究和干预中进一步探索和实施心率监测技术的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Video slot machine use in adolescence: the role of self-efficacy beliefs, current and expected personal fulfillment at the social and educational level 青少年使用电子老虎机：自我效能信念、当前和预期的个人社会和教育成就感的作用

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100560

Giansanto Mosconi , Joseph DelFerro , Andrea Jin , Paola Bertuccio , Anna Odone

Introduction

Video slot machines (VSMs), which are available on electronic gaming machines and online platforms, are widely recognized for their high potential to trigger harmful gambling behaviors. Yet, the psychological factors associated with VSM use among adolescents remain poorly investigated.

Methods

We estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of current regular (at least monthly) VSM use according to self-efficacy beliefs regarding everyday problem-solving ability, along with current and expected personal fulfillment at the social, and educational level among 7,959 Italian high school students aged 15–17.

Results

Current regular VSM use was reported by 108 students (1.4%). Notably, this behavior was more frequently reported by those with either particularly high or low self-ratings in problem-solving ability, current and expected social fulfillment, as well as by those with lower self-ratings in both current and expected educational/work fulfillment.

Conclusions

These findings underscore that during adolescence, gambling behaviors are associated with diverse psychological profiles, each entailing distinct vulnerabilities. Effectively addressing adolescent gambling necessitates a comprehensive approach, with a strong emphasis on educational support. Given the increasing challenges in curbing underage exposure and access to the most harmful gambling formats, this study offers valuable insights for the design of health promotion and prevention strategies.

导言在电子游戏机和网络平台上提供的视频老虎机（VSM）被广泛认为极有可能引发有害的赌博行为。方法我们根据7959名15-17岁意大利高中生对日常解决问题能力的自我效能信念，以及当前和预期个人在社会和教育层面的成就感，估算了当前经常（至少每月一次）使用VSM的调整赔率比（OR）和相应的95%置信区间（CI）。值得注意的是，在问题解决能力、当前和预期的社会成就感方面自我评分特别高或特别低的学生，以及在当前和预期的教育/工作成就感方面自我评分较低的学生，更经常报告这种行为。要有效解决青少年赌博问题，就必须采取综合方法，重点强调教育支持。鉴于遏制未成年人接触和接触最有害的赌博形式面临越来越多的挑战，本研究为设计健康促进和预防策略提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Proteus effect avatar profiles: Associations with disordered gaming and activity levels 普洛特斯效应头像档案：与无序游戏和活动水平的关系

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100562

Kaiden Hein , Tyrone L. Burleigh , Angela Gorman , Maria Prokofieva , Vasilis Stavropoulos

Gaming avatars can influence users’ attitudes and behaviors and manifest as the proteus effect. The present study examined proteus effect profiles among 571 gamers and their associations with disordered gaming and physical activity. Latent class analysis identified three profiles: non-influenced gamers, emotion-perception influenced gamers (highest proteus effect), and emotion-behavior influenced gamers (moderate proteus effect). The high proteus effect group exhibited significantly higher gaming disorder symptoms at baseline and 6 months compared to other profiles. Proteus effect profiles did not significantly differ in physical activity levels. However, higher disordered gaming and proteus effect predicted lower activity over time. The strong proteus effect group’s avatar immersion may increase gaming disorder risks. Minimal avatar influence for the non-influenced gamers appears protective. While proteus effect profiles do not directly relate to activity, amplified disordered gaming can reduce active lifestyles. Overall, findings demonstrate how avatars differentially affect gamers’ experiences and functioning through proteus-induced changes.

游戏头像会影响用户的态度和行为，并表现为 "普罗蒂斯效应"（proteus effect）。本研究调查了 571 名游戏玩家的保护神效应特征及其与无序游戏和体育锻炼的关系。潜类分析确定了三种情况：未受影响的游戏玩家、受情绪感知影响的游戏玩家（最高proteus效应）和受情绪行为影响的游戏玩家（中等proteus效应）。在基线和 6 个月时，高 Proteus 效应组的游戏障碍症状明显高于其他组别。在体育锻炼水平方面，蛋白体效应组没有明显差异。然而，较高的游戏障碍和蛋白体效应预示着较低的活动量。强proteus效应组的头像沉浸感可能会增加游戏障碍的风险。对未受影响的游戏者来说，头像的影响最小，似乎具有保护作用。虽然proteus效应与活动量没有直接关系，但无序游戏的扩大可能会减少活跃的生活方式。总之，研究结果表明，化身是如何通过蛋白体诱导的变化对游戏者的体验和功能产生不同影响的。

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引用次数: 0

Insights into psychological characteristics of persons (not) agreeing to use an e-coach-application to reduce elevated Internet Use Disorder tendencies 洞察（不）同意使用电子辅导应用程序以减少互联网使用障碍升高倾向的人的心理特征

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100564

Christian Montag , Jon D. Elhai , Christopher Kannen , Anja Bischof , Dominique Brandt , Hannah Schmidt , Dmitri Rozgonjuk , Hans-Jürgen Rumpf

The present work aims to shed light on the question of whether certain psychological characteristics go along with choosing an e-coach offer to support healthy Internet use when reporting elevated Internet Use Disorder (IUD) tendencies. Data were from a large-scale stepped care approach study to treat persons with varying degrees of IUD tendencies. Recruitment for advertising the download of a smartphone app included social media, videos by influencers, paid ads, TV, radio, newspapers, workshops, and vocational schools. We contrasted a final sample of 184 declining, 907 agreeing, and 216 agreeing but not providing follow-up details needed to use such an e-coach, as well as 995 who did not explicitly decline or agree to participate (but refrained from using the e-coach). Participants were compared on several study variables, including sociodemographics, mental health, fear of missing out, personality, perceived stress, and IUD tendencies. Interestingly, we observed only two significant findings when contrasting the aforementioned groups using ANOVA. First, the group not agreeing to use the e-coach was associated with the lowest IUD tendencies and highest conscientiousness scores. Second, agreeing to use the e-coach was associated with older age. Further significant differences could be observed, but in general the accompanying effect sizes were very mild. In sum, the present study findings support the idea that greater subjective burden of IUD might result in more willingness to seek e-help, but also the personality trait of conscientiousness and a person’s age might play a role here.

本研究旨在揭示这样一个问题：当报告有较高的互联网使用障碍（IUD）倾向时，某些心理特征是否与选择电子辅导服务以支持健康使用互联网有关。数据来自于一项大规模的阶梯式护理研究，该研究旨在治疗有不同程度网络使用障碍（IUD）倾向的人。下载智能手机应用程序的广告招募活动包括社交媒体、有影响力人士的视频、付费广告、电视、广播、报纸、研讨会和职业学校。我们对 184 名拒绝、907 名同意、216 名同意但未提供使用此类电子辅导所需的后续详细信息的最终样本，以及 995 名未明确拒绝或同意参与（但未使用电子辅导）的样本进行了对比。我们对参与者的几个研究变量进行了比较，包括社会人口统计学、心理健康、害怕错过、性格、感知压力和宫内节育器倾向。有趣的是，在使用方差分析对上述各组进行对比时，我们只观察到两个显著的结果。首先，不同意使用电子辅导员的组别具有最低的宫内节育器倾向和最高的自觉性得分。其次，同意使用电子辅导的年龄较大。还可以观察到其他明显的差异，但总的来说，伴随的效应大小非常轻微。总之，本研究结果支持这样一种观点，即宫内节育器的主观负担越重，越愿意寻求电子帮助，但自觉性这一人格特质和个人年龄也可能在其中发挥作用。

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