Addictive Behaviors Reports最新文献_第9页

Perceived discrimination enhances the association between distress and impact related to the murder of George Floyd and unhealthy alcohol use in a survey sample of U.S. Veterans who report drinking 在一项针对报告饮酒的美国退伍军人的调查样本中，感知到的歧视增强了乔治·弗洛伊德谋杀案的痛苦和影响与不健康饮酒之间的联系。

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100481

Monique T. Cano , Jill V. Reavis , David L. Pennington

Introduction

On May 25, 2020, George Floyd was murdered by a Minneapolis police officer leading to increased social justice and antiracism movements (SJARM) across the United States. Vicarious exposure to racism and perceived discrimination are salient sources of distress which may lead to increased alcohol use as means of coping. The primary aim of the current study was to examine how perceived discrimination and the subjective impact and personal distress related to the SJARM following the George Floyd murder interact and relate to unhealthy alcohol use among U.S. Veterans.

Methods

286 Veterans were assessed for unhealthy alcohol use (AUDIT-10), perceived discrimination (EDS), and subjective impact and personal distress related to the SJARM. Two moderation analyses were performed to examine whether subjective impact and personal distress moderated relations between perceived discrimination and alcohol use. In-depth follow-up analyses were conducted to examine differences and relationships among variables.

Results

In two different moderation models, perceived discrimination moderated the association between both subjective impact (p <.001) and personal distress (p <.001) felt by the SJARM and unhealthy alcohol use. In planned exploratory analyses, Veterans who reported perceived discrimination reported higher levels of unhealthy alcohol use (M = 14.71, SD = 9.39) than those who did not t(2 8 4) = 5.61, p <.001. In post-hoc analyses, racial/ethnic minorities were significantly more likely to report perceived racial discrimination (p <.001) while non-Hispanic Whites were more likely to report perceived discrimination based on education or income level (p <.01).

Conclusions

In the context of a socially unjust event amidst a global pandemic, perceived discrimination contributes to unhealthy alcohol use and subjective impact and personal distress associated with the SJARM following the murder of George Floyd. Results highlight the importance of addressing discrimination experiences in Veterans who seek alcohol treatment, particularly as rates of unhealthy alcohol use are on the rise.

简介：2020年5月25日，乔治·弗洛伊德被明尼阿波利斯警察谋杀，导致美国各地的社会正义和反种族主义运动（SJARM）愈演愈烈。对种族主义的不良接触和被认为的歧视是痛苦的主要来源，这可能导致更多的饮酒作为应对手段。本研究的主要目的是调查乔治·弗洛伊德谋杀案后与SJARM相关的感知歧视、主观影响和个人痛苦如何与美国退伍军人中的不健康饮酒相互作用。方法：对286名退伍军人进行不健康饮酒（AUDIT-10）、感知歧视（EDS），以及与SJARM相关的主观影响和个人痛苦。进行了两项适度分析，以检验主观影响和个人痛苦是否调节了感知歧视和饮酒之间的关系。进行了深入的随访分析，以检查变量之间的差异和关系。结果：在两种不同的调节模型中，感知歧视调节了两种主观影响之间的联系（p p p p结论：在全球疫情中发生的社会不公正事件的背景下，感知到的歧视会导致不健康的酒精使用，以及乔治·弗洛伊德被谋杀后与SJARM相关的主观影响和个人痛苦。研究结果强调了解决寻求酒精治疗的退伍军人的歧视经历的重要性，特别是在比率方面不健康饮酒的比例正在上升。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and correlates of experiencing drug-related discrimination among people who use drugs presenting at emergency department at high risk of opioid overdose 在急诊科出现阿片类药物过量高风险的药物使用者中，药物相关歧视的发生率及其相关因素

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100496

Shayla Nolen , Taneisha Wilson , Brendan P. Jacka , Yu Li , Francesca L. Beaudoin , Brandon D.L. Marshall

Objectives

Our objective is to determine if specific sociodemographic characteristics were associated with perceived drug-related discrimination among people who use drugs (PWUD) presenting for care in the emergency department (ED).

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Navigator trial, a randomized control trial of two behavioral interventions in the ED for people at risk of an opioid overdose. Participants included adult patients presenting to two Rhode Island EDs. Eligible participants included those high risk for an opioid overdose, resided or received most of their healthcare in Rhode Island, and were able to provide consent. The primary outcome of this analysis was self-reported feelings of drug-related discrimination by the medical community. The independent variables of interest included race/ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation. Log-binomial multivariable regression models were constructed with all three independent variables of interest and a selection of sociodemographic covariates.

Results

Of 620 eligible participants, 251 (40.5%) reported ever experiencing drug-related discrimination in their lifetime. In the adjusted model, participants who identified as women and participants who identified as LGBQIA+ were more likely to report experiencing drug-related discrimination from the medical community in EDs. Racial/ethnic minority groups were less likely than White (non-Hispanic) participants to report drug-related discrimination.

Discussion

In this study population, White participants reported more drug-related discrimination than their minority counterparts, although female and LGBQIA+ patients reported more discrimination. Future studies should further assess the significance of these intersecting identities on self-reported discrimination. This knowledge could improve ED-based interventions, policies, and services for PWUD.

目的我们的目的是确定在急诊科接受治疗的吸毒者中，特定的社会人口学特征是否与感知到的与毒品有关的歧视有关，一项针对阿片类药物过量风险人群的ED中两种行为干预的随机对照试验。参与者包括向两名罗德岛ED就诊的成年患者。符合条件的参与者包括阿片类药物过量的高危人群，他们在罗德岛居住或接受了大部分医疗保健，并且能够提供同意书。该分析的主要结果是医学界自我报告的与毒品有关的歧视感。感兴趣的自变量包括种族/民族、性别认同和性取向。对数二项多变量回归模型由所有三个感兴趣的自变量和一组社会人口学协变量组成。结果在620名符合条件的参与者中，251人（40.5%）报告在其一生中曾经历过与毒品有关的歧视。在调整后的模型中，被认定为女性的参与者和被认定为LGBQIA+的参与者更有可能报告在ED中经历了来自医学界的与毒品有关的歧视。种族/少数民族群体比白人（非西班牙裔）参与者报告与毒品有关歧视的可能性更小。讨论在本研究人群中，白人参与者报告的与毒品有关的歧视比少数族裔参与者更多，尽管女性和LGBQIA+患者报告的歧视更多。未来的研究应该进一步评估这些交叉身份对自我报告的歧视的意义。这些知识可以改善PWUD基于ED的干预措施、政策和服务。

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引用次数: 0

Multiple substance use and blood pressure in women experiencing homelessness 多重物质使用与无家可归妇女血压的关系

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100483

Leslie W. Suen , Eric Vittinghoff , Alan H.B. Wu , Akshay Ravi , Phillip O. Coffin , Priscilla Hsue , Kara L. Lynch , Dhruv S. Kazi , Elise D. Riley

Background

Substance use increases risk of cardiovascular events, particularly among women with additional risk factors like housing instability. While multiple substance use is common among unstably housed individuals, relationships between multiple substance use and cardiovascular risk factors like blood pressure are not well characterized.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study between 2016 and 2019 to examine associations between multiple substance use and blood pressure in women experiencing homelessness and unstable housing. Participants completed six monthly visits including vital sign assessment, interview, and blood draw to assess toxicology-confirmed substance use (e.g., cocaine, alcohol, opioids) and cardiovascular health. We used linear mixed models to evaluate the outcomes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP; DBP).

Results

Mean age was 51.6 years; 74 % were women of color. Prevalence of any substance use was 85 %; 63 % of participants used at least two substances at baseline. Adjusting for race, body mass index and cholesterol, cocaine was the only substance significantly associated with SBP (4.71 mmHg higher; 95 % CI 1.68, 7.74) and DBP (2.83 mmHg higher; 95 % CI 0.72, 4.94). Further analysis found no differences in SBP or DBP between those with concurrent use of other stimulants, depressants, or both with cocaine, compared to those who used cocaine only.

Conclusions

Cocaine was the only substance associated with higher SBP and DBP, even after accounting for simultaneous use of other substances. Along with interventions to address cocaine use, stimulant use screening during cardiovascular risk assessment and intensive blood pressure management may improve cardiovascular outcomes among women experiencing housing instability.

背景物质使用会增加心血管事件的风险，尤其是在有其他风险因素（如住房不稳定）的女性中。虽然多种物质使用在居住不稳定的个体中很常见，但多种物质使用与血压等心血管风险因素之间的关系尚未得到很好的表征。方法我们在2016年至2019年期间进行了一项队列研究，以研究无家可归和住房不稳定女性的多种物质使用与血压之间的关系。参与者完成了六个月的访问，包括生命体征评估、访谈和抽血，以评估毒理学确认的物质使用（如可卡因、酒精、阿片类药物）和心血管健康。我们使用线性混合模型来评估收缩压和舒张压（SBP；DBP）的结果；74%是有色人种女性。任何物质使用的流行率为85%；63%的参与者在基线时至少使用了两种物质。经种族、体重指数和胆固醇调整后，可卡因是唯一与收缩压（高4.71毫米汞柱；95%CI 1.68，7.74）和舒张压（高2.83毫米汞柱，95%CI 0.72，4.94）显著相关的物质。进一步分析发现，与仅使用可卡因的人相比，同时使用其他兴奋剂、镇静剂或两者的人的收缩压或舒张压没有差异。结论利多卡因是唯一与SBP和DBP升高相关的物质，即使考虑到同时使用其他物质。除了解决可卡因使用问题的干预措施外，在心血管风险评估和强化血压管理期间进行兴奋剂使用筛查，可能会改善住房不稳定妇女的心血管结果。

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引用次数: 1

Associations between biomarkers of nicotine/tobacco exposure and respiratory symptoms among adults who exclusively smoke cigarettes in the U.S.: Findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–4 (2013–2017) 在美国，尼古丁/烟草暴露的生物标志物与完全吸烟的成年人呼吸道症状之间的关联:来自PATH研究波1-4(2013-2017)的发现

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100487

Kathryn C. Edwards , Jenny E. Ozga , Carolyn Reyes-Guzman , Danielle Smith , Dorothy Hatsukami , Joy L. Hart , Asti Jackson , Maciej Goniewicz , Cassandra A. Stanton

Significance

Determining if tobacco-related biomarkers of exposure (BOE) are associated with respiratory symptoms is an important public health tool that can be used to evaluate the potential harm of different tobacco products.

Methods

Adult data from people who exclusively smoked cigarettes (N = 2,438) in Waves 1–4 (2013–2017) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study were stacked to examine associations between baseline and follow-up within wave pairs (W1-W2, W2-W3, W3-W4). Weighted generalized estimating equation models were used to evaluate associations between biomarkers of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, acrolein, acrylonitrile, cadmium, and lead at baseline/follow-up and respiratory symptom(s) (wheezing/whistling in the chest, wheezing during exercise, and/or dry cough in the past 12 months) at follow-up.

Results

Higher acrolein metabolite (CEMA) levels at follow-up were associated with increased odds of respiratory symptoms at follow-up for people who exclusively smoked cigarettes (aOR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.70), including when limited to those without a diagnosed respiratory disease (aOR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.12, 1.90) and those who smoked daily (aOR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.84). Higher cadmium levels at baseline (while controlling for follow-up levels) were associated with reduced odds of respiratory symptoms at follow-up (aOR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.65, 0.98) among people who exclusively smoked cigarettes without a respiratory disease. There were no significant associations between baseline/follow-up BOE and follow-up respiratory symptoms for people who smoked cigarettes non-daily.

Conclusions

This research supports measuring biomarkers of acrolein, such as CEMA, as a potential intermediate measurement for increased respiratory symptom development. Measuring these biomarkers could help alleviate the clinical burden of respiratory disease.

显著性确定烟草相关暴露生物标志物（BOE）是否与呼吸道症状相关是一种重要的公共卫生工具，可用于评估不同烟草产品的潜在危害。方法对烟草与健康研究人群评估第1-4波（2013-2017）中纯吸烟人群（N=2438）的成人数据进行叠加，以检验波对（W1-W2、W2-W3、W3-W4）中基线和随访之间的相关性。加权广义估计方程模型用于评估尼古丁、烟草特异性亚硝胺、丙烯醛、丙烯腈、镉、，基线/随访时的铅和随访时的呼吸道症状（胸部喘息/口哨声、运动中的喘息声和/或过去12个月的干咳）。结果随访时丙烯醛代谢产物（CEMA）水平较高与完全吸烟的人在随访时出现呼吸道症状的几率增加相关（aOR=1.34；95%CI=1.06，1.70），包括仅限于那些没有诊断出呼吸系统疾病的人（aOR=1.46；95%CI=1.1121.90）和那些每天吸烟的人（a OR=1.40；95%CI=1.061.84）。基线时较高的镉水平（同时控制随访水平）与完全吸烟的人在随访时出现呼吸道症状的几率降低有关（aOR=0.80；95%CI=0.650.98）没有呼吸道疾病的香烟。非日常吸烟人群的基线/随访BOE与随访呼吸道症状之间没有显著关联。结论本研究支持测量丙烯醛的生物标志物，如CEMA，作为增加呼吸道症状发展的潜在中间测量。测量这些生物标志物可以帮助减轻呼吸道疾病的临床负担。

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引用次数: 0

Behavioral health care provider’s beliefs, confidence, and knowledge in treating cigarette smoking in relation to their use of the 5A’s intervention 行为卫生保健提供者在治疗吸烟方面的信念、信心和知识与他们使用5A干预措施的关系

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100493

Midhat Z. Jafry , Jayda Martinez , Tzuan A. Chen , Maggie Britton , Isabel Martinez Leal , Anastasia Rogova , Bryce Kyburz , Teresa Williams , Mayuri Patel , Brian J. Carter , Lorraine R. Reitzel

Introduction

Evidence-based smoking cessation interventions are underused settings where behavioral health treatment is provided, contributing to smoking-related health disparities in this patient group. This study assessed the relationship of provider’s beliefs about patients’ smoking, perceptions of treatment capability, and knowledge of referral options and their use of the 5A’s (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange) intervention for smoking cessation.

Methods

Surveys were collected from providers in healthcare settings in Texas where patients receive behavioral health care (N = 86; 9 federally qualified health centers, 16 Local Mental Health Authorities (LMHAs), 6 substance use treatment programs in LMHAs, and 55 stand-alone substance use treatment centers). Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between provider’s beliefs about patients’ concern and desire to quit smoking; perceptions of their confidence, skills, and effectiveness in treating smoking; their knowledge of referral options; and their use of the 5A’s with patients who smoked.

Results

Providers who believed that patients were concerned about smoking and wanted to quit; who perceived themselves as confident in providing cessation care, having the required skills, and being effective in providing advice; and/or who had greater referral knowledge were more likely to use the 5A’s with patients who smoked than their (respective) provider counterparts (ps < 0.05).

Conclusion

Provider-level constructs affect their 5A’s provision for patients with behavioral health needs. Future work should train providers to correct misconceptions about patients’ interest in quitting, bolster their confidence, and provide referral options to support tobacco provision efforts.

引言基于证据的戒烟干预措施是提供行为健康治疗的未充分利用的环境，导致了该患者群体中与吸烟相关的健康差异。这项研究评估了提供者对患者吸烟的信念、对治疗能力的认知、对转诊选项的了解以及他们对5A（询问、建议、评估、协助和安排）戒烟干预的使用之间的关系。方法从德克萨斯州接受行为健康护理的医疗机构的提供者那里收集调查（N=86；9个联邦合格的医疗中心，16个地方精神卫生局（LMHA），6个LMHA物质使用治疗项目，55个独立的物质使用治疗中心）。Logistic回归分析用于评估提供者对患者关注的信念与戒烟愿望之间的关系；对他们在治疗吸烟方面的信心、技能和有效性的看法；他们对转诊方案的了解；以及他们对吸烟患者使用5A。结果提供者认为患者关心吸烟并希望戒烟；他们认为自己有信心提供戒烟护理，具备必要的技能，并有效地提供建议；和/或具有更多转诊知识的人比他们（各自的）提供者更可能对吸烟患者使用5A（ps<；0.05）。结论提供者水平的结构影响他们为有行为健康需求的患者提供5A。未来的工作应该培训提供者纠正对患者戒烟兴趣的误解，增强他们的信心，并提供转诊选项来支持烟草供应工作。

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引用次数: 0

Hispanic/Latinx individuals’ attributions for abstinence and smoking: A content analysis of open-ended responses from a randomized cessation trial 西班牙/拉丁裔个体对戒烟和吸烟的归因:一项随机戒烟试验开放式回应的内容分析

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100478

Laura Casas , Patricia Medina-Ramirez , Vanesa Carreno , Patricia Calixte-Civil , Ursula Martinez , Thomas H. Brandon , Vani N. Simmons

Introduction

Little is known about facilitators and barriers to smoking cessation among Hispanics seeking treatment. This secondary analysis examined attributions for abstinence or smoking among participants in a nationwide randomized controlled trial testing a self-help smoking cessation intervention among Spanish-speaking Hispanics in the United States (US).

Methods

At each follow-up assessment (6, 12, 18, and 24 months), participants (N = 1,417) responded to open-ended items regarding reasons for either abstinence or smoking. A content analysis was conducted using NVivo on the responses from 1,035 participants.

Results

Mood Management (e.g., stress and anxiety) was the most frequent reason for smoking across all timepoints. Concern for personal health and wellbeing was the most frequent reason cited for abstinence across all timepoints. Important barriers (e.g., financial stressors, environmental disasters) and facilitators (e.g., family, faith) were also identified. Quantitative subgroup analyses revealed differences in the frequency of abstinence and smoking attributions by sex, marital status, and annual household income.

Conclusion

The identified facilitators and barriers to abstinence support and expand findings from previous studies by using a geographically and ethnically diverse sample of treatment seeking, Spanish-preferring smokers. They also provide specific targets for tailoring cessation and relapse prevention interventions designed to improve cessation outcomes and reduce tobacco-related health disparities among Hispanics in the US.

引言在寻求治疗的西班牙裔中，人们对戒烟的促进因素和障碍知之甚少。这项二次分析调查了一项全国性随机对照试验的参与者对禁欲或吸烟的归因，该试验在美国西班牙语西班牙裔中测试了自助戒烟干预，参与者（N=1417）回答了关于禁欲或吸烟原因的开放式项目。使用NVivo对1035名参与者的回复进行了内容分析。结果情绪管理（如压力和焦虑）是所有时间点吸烟最常见的原因。关注个人健康和幸福是所有时间点禁欲最常见的原因。还确定了重要的障碍（如经济压力源、环境灾害）和促进者（如家庭、信仰）。定量亚组分析显示，按性别、婚姻状况和家庭年收入划分的禁欲和吸烟归因频率存在差异。结论通过使用地理和种族多样的寻求治疗、西班牙偏好吸烟者样本，确定了禁欲的促进因素和障碍，支持并扩展了先前研究的结果。它们还为量身定制戒烟和复发预防干预措施提供了具体目标，旨在改善戒烟效果，减少美国西班牙裔人群中与烟草相关的健康差异。

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引用次数: 1

Effects of drug and hazardous alcohol use on having a detectable HIV viral load: An adherence mediation analysis 药物和危险酒精使用对检测HIV病毒载量的影响:依从性中介分析

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100486

Edward R. Cachay , Tesfaye S. Moges , Huifang Qin , Laura Bamford , David J. Grelotti , Wm. Christopher Mathews

Objectives

People living with HIV (PWH) with substance or alcohol use often have unsuppressed plasma HIV viral loads (pVL). The degree to which substance and alcohol use effects on HIV viral suppression are mediated through medication nonadherence is incompletely understood.

Methods

We included PWH prescribed antiretroviral therapy and receiving care at an academic HIV clinic between 2014 and 2018 who completed both patient-reported outcomes (PRO) questionnaires and had subsequent pVL measurements. Measures included assessments of alcohol use (AUDIT-C), drug use (NIDA-ASSIST), and self-reported adherence measured using four different methods. Substances found in bivariate analysis to predict detectable pVL were modeled separately for mediation effects through adherence. We report natural direct (NDE) and indirect effect (NIE), marginal total effect (MTE), and percentage mediated.

Results

Among 3125 PWH who met eligibility criteria, 25.8% reported hazardous alcohol use, 27.1% cannabis, 13.1% amphetamines, 1.9% inhalants, 5.3% cocaine, 4.5% sedative-hypnotics, 2.9% opioids, and 2.3% hallucinogens. Excellent adherence was reported by 58% of PWH, and 10% had detectable pVL. Except for sedatives, using other substances was significantly associated with worse adherence. Bivariate predictors of detectable pVL were [OR (95% CI)]: amphetamine use 2.4 (1.8–3.2) and opioid use 2.3 (1.3–4.0). The percent of marginal total effect mediated by nonadherence varied by substance: 36% for amphetamine use, 27% for opioid use, and 39% for polysubstance use.

Conclusion

Use of amphetamines, opioids, and multiple substances predicted detectable pVL. Up to 40% of their effects were mediated by self-reported nonadherence. Confirmation using longitudinal measurement models will strengthen causal inference from this cross-sectional analysis.

目的使用药物或酒精的HIV感染者（PWH）的血浆HIV病毒载量（pVL）通常未被抑制。药物和酒精使用对HIV病毒抑制的影响在多大程度上是通过药物不依从性介导的，目前尚不完全清楚。方法我们纳入了2014年至2018年间PWH处方的抗逆转录病毒疗法和在一家学术HIV诊所接受护理的患者，他们完成了两份患者报告结果（PRO）问卷，并随后进行了pVL测量。测量包括酒精使用评估（AUDIT-C）、药物使用评估（NIDA-ASSIST）和使用四种不同方法测量的自我报告依从性。在预测可检测pVL的双变量分析中发现的物质被单独建模，用于通过粘附的中介作用。我们报告了自然直接效应（NDE）和间接效应（NIE）、边际总效应（MTE）和百分比介导。结果在3125名符合资格标准的PWH中，25.8%的人报告使用了危险酒精，27.1%的人报告大麻，13.1%的安非他命，1.9%的吸入剂，5.3%的可卡因，4.5%的镇静催眠药，2.9%的阿片类药物，2.3%的致幻剂。据报道，58%的PWH具有良好的粘附性，10%具有可检测的pVL。除镇静剂外，使用其他物质与依从性较差显著相关。可检测pVL的双变量预测因子为[OR（95%CI）]：苯丙胺使用2.4（1.8-3.2）和阿片类药物使用2.3（1.3-4.0）。不依从性介导的边际总效应百分比因物质而异：苯丙胺的使用为36%，阿片类使用为27%，多物质使用为39%。结论安非他命、阿片类药物和多种物质的使用预测了可检测的pVL。高达40%的疗效是由自我报告的不依从性介导的。使用纵向测量模型的确认将加强从横截面分析中得出的因果推断。

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引用次数: 0

Negative urgency, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol risk in college students 大学生的消极紧迫感、PTSD症状和酒精风险

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100480

Hagar Hallihan , Hanaan Bing-Canar , Katherine Paltell , Erin C. Berenz

Introduction

Theoretical models of trauma and alcohol use suggest that trauma-exposed individuals with higher levels of PTSD symptoms are at increased risk of problematic and coping-oriented alcohol use to alleviate unwanted internal states. The goal of the current study was to evaluate whether these associations are enhanced among young adults who report engaging in impulsive behavior in the context of negative affect (i.e., high negative urgency). It was hypothesized that (a) higher negative urgency would be associated with problematic alcohol use; and that (b) negative urgency would moderate the association between PTSD symptoms and problematic alcohol use. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis design run on 213 participants: college students, ages 18–25, who endorsed both having an interpersonal traumatic event and current weekly alcohol use. Participants completed a series of assessments and self-report questionnaires. Results: Results of hierarchical linear regression models indicated that greater negative urgency was significantly associated with greater negative alcohol-related consequences and greater coping motives for alcohol, but not past 30-day binge frequency or past 30-day alcohol quantity. Negative urgency did not moderate associations between PTSD symptoms and alcohol outcomes. Conclusions: PTSD symptoms and negative urgency are uniquely associated with indices of alcohol risk in college students with a history of trauma exposure. However, individuals high in negative urgency are not necessarily consuming more alcohol, nor does negative urgency increase the association between PTSD symptoms and drinking outcomes in this population.

引言创伤和酒精使用的理论模型表明，创伤暴露的创伤后应激障碍症状水平较高的人，为了缓解不想要的内部状态，使用有问题的、以应对为导向的酒精的风险增加。本研究的目的是评估在报告在负面影响（即高度负面紧迫感）背景下从事冲动行为的年轻人中，这些关联是否得到了增强。据推测，（a）更高的负面紧迫感与有问题的饮酒有关；以及（b）消极的紧迫感将缓和创伤后应激障碍症状和有问题的饮酒之间的联系。方法：这项研究使用了一种横断面的二次数据分析设计，对213名参与者进行了分析：18-25岁的大学生，他们支持有人际创伤事件和目前每周饮酒。参与者完成了一系列评估和自我报告问卷。结果：分层线性回归模型的结果表明，更大的消极紧迫感与更大的负面酒精相关后果和更大的酒精应对动机显著相关，但与超过30天的狂欢频率或超过30天酒精量无关。消极紧迫感并不能缓和创伤后应激障碍症状和酒精结果之间的关联。结论：创伤后应激障碍症状和负性紧迫感与有创伤暴露史的大学生的酒精风险指数有独特的相关性。然而，在这一人群中，高度负性紧迫感的人不一定会摄入更多的酒精，负性紧迫性也不会增加创伤后应激障碍症状与饮酒结果之间的关联。

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引用次数: 0

Mentalization in young patients undergoing opioid agonist treatment: Implications for clinical management 接受阿片类激动剂治疗的年轻患者的精神化:对临床管理的影响

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100497

Livia Pischiutta , Marco Garzitto , Giuliano Zamparutti , Enrico Moratti , Umberto Albert , Marco Colizzi , Matteo Balestrieri

Background

Mentalization is the ability to use internal mental states to manage and understand one’s own and others’ behavior. Inefficient mentalization has been associated to poor neuropsychological outcomes, including substance use disorder (SUD) and addiction. However, studies primarily investigating mentalization in SUD are lacking.

Methods

Using the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), the Measurements in the Addictions for Triage and Evaluation, version 2.1 (MATE-IT-2.1), and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, 7th edition (MINI-7), an outpatient assessment investigated inefficient mentalization (i.e., ‘hypo-mentalization’ or ‘uncertainty’: concrete thinking with poor attribution of mental states; ‘hyper-mentalization’ or ‘certainty’: rigid and biased attribution of mental states) and socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, including SUD-related symptoms and any other psychiatric comorbidity, among opioid addiction (OA) patients in Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT).

Results

Thirty-seven consecutive OA patients in OAT (female, 45.9 %; age, M ± SD, 24.3 ± 3.55) were recruited. Patients’ mentalization differed from normative data, in terms of higher uncertainty and lower certainty scores. Also, higher uncertainty score was found among younger patients and in those with the most severe SUD in terms of craving and need for care. Finally, lower certainty score was found in those with a more severe substance abuse, previous contacts with pediatric mental-health services, and receiving a therapeutic community support.

Conclusions

OA patients with inefficient mentalization present with a higher burden in terms of SUD severity, comorbidities, psychosocial disabilities, and service use, with important public health implications. Interventions targeting mentalization may have positive repercussions in preventing SUD, mitigating its severity, and containing its healthcare and social costs.

背景心理化是利用内在心理状态来管理和理解自己和他人行为的能力。低效的心理化与不良的神经心理结果有关，包括物质使用障碍（SUD）和成瘾。然而，缺乏主要研究SUD中的心理化的研究。方法采用反思性功能问卷（RFQ）、成瘾性分诊和评估量表2.1版（MATE-IT-2.1）和迷你国际神经心理访谈第7版（Mini-7），门诊评估调查了低效的心理化（即“低心理化”或“不确定性”：对精神状态归因不良的具体思维，在阿片类药物成瘾（OA）患者中。结果招募了37名连续的OA患者（女性，45.9%；年龄，M±SD，24.3±3.55）。在较高的不确定性和较低的确定性得分方面，患者的心理状态与标准数据不同。此外，在渴望和需要护理方面，年轻患者和SUD最严重的患者的不确定性得分更高。最后，在那些药物滥用更严重、以前接触过儿科心理健康服务并接受过社区治疗支持的人中，确定性得分更低。结论精神状态不佳的OA患者在SUD严重程度、合并症、心理社会残疾和服务使用方面表现出更高的负担，具有重要的公共卫生意义。针对心理化的干预措施可能对预防SUD、减轻其严重程度以及控制其医疗和社会成本产生积极影响。

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Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles 关于先前发表的文章中缺少竞争利益声明的勘误表

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100474

引用次数: 0