Addictive Behaviors Reports最新文献_第9页

Difficulties with positive, but not negative, emotion regulation moderate the association between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use in college students 大学生积极而非消极的情绪调节困难调节了积极酒精期望与酒精使用之间的关系。

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100583

Katherine Shircliff, Haley Coronado, Madeline McClinchie, Caroline Cummings

Background

Positive alcohol expectancies are linked to increased alcohol use among college students. Difficulties regulating emotion have been shown to moderate this relationship, though little research accounts for differences based on the valence of the emotion being regulated.

Objective

To examine the independent moderating roles of positive and negative emotion dysregulation on the association between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use.

Methods

College students (N = 165, M_age = 20.48, SD_age = 1.90; 66.1 % Female; 66.7 % White; 65.5 % non-Hispanic) who reported regular substance use (≥ 3 times in the past week) completed a one-time survey. Linear regression analyses with moderation were conducted.

Results

Correlational analyses suggested that positive alcohol expectancies, positive emotion dysregulation, and negative emotion dysregulation were positively associated with greater alcohol use. Linear regression analyses indicated that difficulties with positive emotion regulation moderated the relationship between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. However, difficulties with negative emotion regulation did not moderate this relationship. College students who reported greater positive alcohol expectancies and concurrently greater difficulties with positive emotion regulation also report greater alcohol consumption, compared to those who reported greater positive alcohol expectancies and fewer difficulties regulating positive emotion.

Discussion

Difficulties with positive, not negative, emotion regulation may serve as a risk factor for hazardous alcohol use in college students. Findings may inform the modification of existing intervention programs across university counseling centers and other health sectors to promote the development of positive emotion regulation skills for individuals who endorse positive emotion regulation difficulties, thereby reducing hazardous alcohol use amid this high-risk developmental period.

背景：积极的酒精预期与大学生饮酒增加有关。调节情绪的困难已被证明可以缓和这种关系，尽管很少有研究说明基于被调节情绪的效价的差异。目的：探讨积极情绪失调和消极情绪失调在积极酒精期望与酒精使用之间的独立调节作用。方法：大学生(N = 165, Mage = 20.48, SDage = 1.90；66.1%女性；白色占66.7%；65.5%（非西班牙裔）报告有规律药物使用（过去一周≥3次）的患者完成了一次性调查。进行了适度的线性回归分析。结果：相关分析表明，积极的酒精预期、积极的情绪失调和消极的情绪失调与更多的酒精使用呈正相关。线性回归分析表明，积极情绪调节困难调节了积极酒精期望与酒精使用之间的关系。然而，负面情绪调节的困难并没有缓和这种关系。与那些报告更积极的酒精预期和更少的积极情绪调节困难的大学生相比，报告更积极的酒精预期和更大的积极情绪调节困难的大学生也报告了更多的酒精消费量。讨论：积极而非消极的情绪调节困难可能是大学生危险饮酒的一个危险因素。研究结果可能为修改大学咨询中心和其他卫生部门现有的干预计划提供信息，以促进积极情绪调节困难个体的积极情绪调节技能的发展，从而减少在这一高风险发展时期的危险酒精使用。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among school-going adolescents in 53 African countries: Evidence from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 53个非洲国家的学龄青少年中烟草使用的流行率和决定因素：来自全球青年烟草调查的证据。

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100581

Retselisitsoe Pokothoane , Terefe Gelibo Agerfa , Christus Cito Miderho , Noreen Dadirai Mdege

Introduction

Tobacco use typically begins during adolescence. There is a lack of comprehensive evidence on the use of different tobacco products among adolescents in Africa.

Aims and Methods

We used the most recent Global Youth Tobacco Surveys from 53 African countries, covering 2003–2020, to estimate the overall and gender-specific prevalence of each type of tobacco product by country, Africa region, World Bank income group, and age group among adolescents aged 11–17 years. We further used Logit regressions to assess the determinants of using different tobacco products.

Results

The overall prevalence of any tobacco use among adolescents was 14.3 % [95 % CI: 13.5, 15.3]. Specifically, the prevalence for cigarettes was 6.4 % [95 % CI: 5.9, 7.0], for other smoked tobacco was 6.7 % [95 % CI: 6.0, 7.4], for smokeless tobacco use was 6.4 % [95 % CI: 5.9, 6.9], and for shisha smoking was 5.2 % [95 % CI: 4.4, 6.1]. The prevalence of dual use of smoked and smokeless tobacco was 3.0 % [95 % CI: 2.8, 3.2], and that of shisha and cigarettes was 1.5 % [95 % CI: 1.2, 2.0]. Any tobacco use prevalence was higher among boys (17.4 %) than girls (10.6 %). Seeing health warnings about tobacco dangers, exposure to smoking at home and school, the age restriction to tobacco purchases, and peer pressure were positively associated with the use of all tobacco products. Being a female was negatively associated with tobacco use across all products.

Conclusions

Policymakers should prioritize implementing large pictorial health warnings about tobacco dangers covering the entire packaging of different products.

烟草使用通常始于青少年时期。缺乏关于非洲青少年使用不同烟草制品情况的全面证据。目的和方法：我们使用了2003-2020年期间来自53个非洲国家的最新全球青年烟草调查，按国家、非洲区域、世界银行收入组和11-17岁青少年年龄组估计每种烟草制品的总体流行率和按性别分列的流行率。我们进一步使用Logit回归来评估使用不同烟草制品的决定因素。结果：青少年吸烟的总体流行率为14.3% [95% CI: 13.5, 15.3]。具体来说，香烟的患病率为6.4% [95% CI: 5.9, 7.0]，其他吸烟烟草的患病率为6.7% [95% CI: 6.0, 7.4]，无烟烟草的患病率为6.4% [95% CI: 5.9, 6.9]，水烟的患病率为5.2% [95% CI: 4.4, 6.1]。吸烟和无烟烟草双重使用的患病率为3.0% [95% CI: 2.8, 3.2]，水烟和香烟的患病率为1.5% [95% CI: 1.2, 2.0]。男孩（17.4%）的烟草使用流行率高于女孩（10.6%）。看到有关烟草危害的健康警告、在家庭和学校接触吸烟、购买烟草的年龄限制以及同伴压力与使用所有烟草制品呈正相关。女性与所有烟草产品的使用呈负相关。结论：政策制定者应优先考虑在不同产品的整个包装上实施关于烟草危害的大型图片健康警语。

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引用次数: 0

A novel, multi-component contingency management intervention in the context of a syndemic of drug-related harms in Glasgow, Scotland: First year of the ‘WAND’ initiative 在苏格兰格拉斯哥毒品相关危害综合征的背景下，一种新颖的多组分应急管理干预：“魔杖”倡议的第一年。

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100580

S. Smith , K.M.A. Trayner , J. Campbell , A. McAuley , J. Craik , C. Hunter , S. Priyadarshi , S.J. Hutchinson

Background

To address high levels of drug-related harms among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Glasgow, a novel contingency management intervention was developed to engage high-risk PWID with four harm reduction measures (known as the WAND initiative: Wound care, Assessment of injecting, Naloxone, and Dried blood-spot test). Our aims were to assess if WAND engaged and re-engaged high-risk PWID.

Methods

Baseline data of WAND participants (n = 831) from 1st Sept-2020 to 30th Aug-2021 were analysed. For those who took part in the first six months, extent of re-engagement was determined and, among those re-engaged, intervention coverage was compared between baseline and final engagement.

Results

Among those who first engaged in WAND from Sept 2020-Feb 2021 (n = 546), 40 % re-engaged by Aug 2021. Compared to those who engaged once (n = 321), those who re-engaged (n = 215) within one year had higher baseline prevalence of injecting risk behaviours such as injecting daily (56 % vs 64 %, p = 0.032), injecting away from home (42 % vs 52 %, p = 0.0179), injecting cocaine (56 % vs 75 %, p < 0.001), having an SSTI (40 % vs 60 %, p < 0.001), and been prescribed naloxone (57 % vs 72 %, p < 0.001). For those who re-engaged six months to one year after initial engagement (n = 107), there was a significant increase in having a BBV test in the last six months (61 % to 81 %, p = 0.003) and carrying naloxone (22 % to 32 %, p = 0.011).

Conclusion

WAND was able to engage and re-engage large numbers of high-risk PWID with multiple harm reduction initiatives. These findings suggest contingency management could be a useful tool for harm reduction services.

背景：为了解决格拉斯哥注射吸毒者（PWID）中高水平的药物相关危害，研究人员开发了一种新的应急管理干预措施，通过四种减少危害的措施（称为WAND倡议：伤口护理、注射评估、纳洛酮和干血斑试验）来应对高风险的PWID。我们的目的是评估WAND是否介入和再介入高风险PWID。方法：分析2020年9月1日至2021年8月30日WAND参与者的基线数据（n = 831）。对于那些在前六个月参与的人，重新参与的程度被确定，在那些重新参与的人中，干预覆盖率在基线和最终参与之间进行比较。结果：在2020年9月至2021年2月期间首次参与WAND的人中（n = 546）， 40%的人在2021年8月之前再次参与。与一次性吸毒者（n = 321）相比，一年内再次吸毒者（n = 215）的注射危险行为的基线患病率更高，如每天注射（56%对64%，p = 0.032）、离家注射（42%对52%，p = 0.0179）、注射可卡因（56%对75%，p）。结论：WAND能够通过多种减少危害的举措吸引和重新吸引大量高风险的PWID。这些发现表明，应急管理可能是减少伤害服务的有用工具。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the relationship between proactive e-alcohol therapy and symptoms of anxiety or/and depression: Post-hoc analyses from a randomized controlled trial 探索主动电子酒精治疗与焦虑或/和抑郁症状之间的关系：随机对照试验的事后分析

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100576

Kia Kejlskov Egan , Veronica Pisinger , Ulrik Becker , Janne Schurmann Tolstrup

Background

Individuals with problematic alcohol use often face anxiety and depressive symptoms, which can hinder treatment engagement, compliance, and effectiveness. Psychosocial therapy through video conference (e-alcohol therapy) may reduce these barriers. We explored whether 1) anxiety or/and depressive symptoms modify the effect of proactive e-alcohol therapy on treatment initiation, compliance, and alcohol intake, 2) proactive e-alcohol therapy impacts anxiety or/and depressive symptoms compared to standard care.

Methods

Participants with problematic alcohol use were recruited online and randomly assigned to proactive e-alcohol therapy or standard care. Problematic alcohol use was defined by an 8+ score on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4.

Results

356 individuals participated; 133 showed moderate-severe symptoms of anxiety and depression at baseline. There were no significant differences between individuals with and without moderate-severe anxiety or/and depressive symptoms in the effect of proactive e-alcohol therapy versus standard care on treatment initiation (3 mo: p = 0.64; 12 mo: p = 0.97), compliance (3 mo: p = 0.40; 12 mo: p = 0.58), or alcohol intake (3 mo: p = 0.86; 12 mo: p = 0.90). No significant differences were found in the proportion of participants with moderate-severe anxiety and depressive symptoms between the two intervention groups after 3 months (OR 0.6; 95 % CI 0.3 to 1.4; p = 0.27).

Conclusions

We found no evidence that anxiety or/and depressive symptoms modify the effect of proactive e-alcohol therapy on treatment initiation, compliance, or alcohol intake. Proactive e-alcohol therapy matched standard care in reducing anxiety or/and depressive symptoms over a 3-month follow-up.

背景：有问题的酒精使用的个体经常面临焦虑和抑郁症状，这可能会阻碍治疗的参与、依从性和有效性。通过视频会议进行的心理社会治疗（电子酒精治疗）可以减少这些障碍。我们探讨了1)焦虑或/和抑郁症状是否会改变主动电子酒精治疗对治疗开始、依从性和酒精摄入量的影响；2)与标准治疗相比，主动电子酒精治疗是否会影响焦虑或/和抑郁症状。方法：在线招募有酒精使用问题的参与者，并随机分配到主动电子酒精治疗或标准护理组。在酒精使用障碍识别测试中，有问题的酒精使用被定义为8+分。使用患者健康问卷-4测量焦虑和抑郁症状。结果：356人参与；133人在基线时表现出中度至重度焦虑和抑郁症状。有和没有中重度焦虑或/和抑郁症状的个体在主动电子酒精治疗与标准治疗开始时的效果方面没有显著差异(3个月：p = 0.64；12个月：p = 0.97)，依从性(3个月：p = 0.40；12个月：p = 0.58)或酒精摄入(3个月：p = 0.86；12个月：p = 0.90)。3个月后，两组受试者出现中重度焦虑和抑郁症状的比例无显著差异(OR 0.6；95% CI 0.3 ~ 1.4；p = 0.27)。结论：我们没有发现任何证据表明焦虑或/和抑郁症状会改变主动电子酒精治疗对治疗开始、依从性或酒精摄入的影响。在3个月的随访中，主动电子酒精治疗在减少焦虑或/和抑郁症状方面与标准治疗相匹配。

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引用次数: 0

Nicotine and cannabis vaping among early high school adolescents: Disparities of use across sociodemographic characteristics and associations with psychosocial factors 高中早期青少年吸食尼古丁和大麻：不同社会人口特征的使用差异及其与社会心理因素的关联

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100577

Christine M. Steeger , Charleen J. Gust , Alyssa F. Harlow , Christopher Cambron , Jessica Barrington-Trimis , Katie Massey Combs , Ashley Brooks-Russell , Karl G. Hill

Objective. This study examines whether adolescent nicotine and cannabis vaping types (i.e., nicotine-only, cannabis-only, and dual use) differ across sociodemographic and school characteristics (e.g., age, gender, sexual identity, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status [SES], school setting/type), and associations of vaping types with psychosocial factors. Methods. From 2021 to 2022, 9th and 10th grade adolescents (N = 2,476) in Colorado and Ohio participated in a survey measuring vaping behaviors and psychosocial factors including substance use attitudes, alcohol use, mental health, aggression, and family and school risk and protective factors. Results. Past month vaping prevalence was 89.7 % for non-use, 5.9 % for nicotine-only, 1.0 % for cannabis-only, and 3.4 % for dual use. Chi-square tests of independence showed several significant sociodemographic differences for past month vaping: higher nicotine-only vaping prevalence for females (vs. males) (p < 0.001), higher nicotine-only and dual vaping prevalence for LGB+ (vs. heterosexual) youth (ps < 0.01), higher dual vaping prevalence for Hispanic and multiethnic (vs. White) adolescents (p < 0.001), and higher nicotine-only, cannabis-only, and dual vaping prevalence for lower (vs. higher) mother education (ps < 0.001). Regression models examining associations between vaping types (vs. non-use) and psychosocial factors indicated a robust pattern of worse levels of substance use attitudes, alcohol use, mental health, aggression, and family and school factors for nicotine-only and dual users. Results followed a similar pattern but to a lesser degree for cannabis-only users. Conclusions. Findings identify characteristics of adolescents who may be particularly vulnerable to higher vaping risk (females, LGB+, Hispanic, multiethnic, low SES) and suggest needs for preventive interventions aimed to reduce all types of vaping for better adolescent behavioral health.

目标。本研究考察了青少年尼古丁和大麻电子烟类型（即纯尼古丁、纯大麻和双重用途）是否因社会人口统计学和学校特征（如年龄、性别、性别认同、种族/民族、社会经济地位[SES]、学校环境/类型）以及电子烟类型与社会心理因素的关联而有所不同。方法。从2021年到2022年，科罗拉多州和俄亥俄州的9年级和10年级青少年（N = 2476）参加了一项调查，测量了电子烟行为和心理社会因素，包括物质使用态度、酒精使用、心理健康、攻击、家庭和学校的风险和保护因素。结果。上个月，不使用电子烟的患病率为89.7%，仅使用尼古丁的患病率为5.9%，仅使用大麻的患病率为1.0%，双重使用的患病率为3.4%。卡方独立性检验显示了过去一个月吸电子烟的几个显著的社会人口统计学差异：女性吸尼古丁电子烟的比例（与男性相比）更高（p p p p）。研究结果确定了青少年可能特别容易受到更高电子烟风险的特征（女性、LGB+、西班牙裔、多种族、低社会地位），并建议需要采取预防性干预措施，旨在减少所有类型的电子烟，以改善青少年的行为健康。

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引用次数: 0

Emergency care utilization in persons with substance related diagnoses 药物相关诊断患者的急诊护理利用

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100573

Wayne Kepner , Natasia S. Courchesne-Krak , Nora Satybaldiyeva , Rekha Narasimhan , Carla B. Marienfeld

Background

Substance use is a significant contributor to emergency department (ED) visits. Little is known about ED utilization patterns of individuals with substance related diagnosis (SRD). We used electronic health records (EHR) from a large healthcare system in California to examine ED healthcare utilization and socio-demographic characteristics of individuals with SRDs.

Methods

We used EHR data on all adult patients in our health system from April 2012 through September 2019 to conduct adjusted logistic regression models to determine socio-demographic correlates of SRDs (e.g., use, misuse, dependence) and associations between having an SRD and receiving emergency care.

Results

Among the sample (n = 342,651), the majority were female (55.08 %), Non-Hispanic White (58.10 %), with mean age of 48.26 (SD = 18.10), and there were 18,015 (5.26 %) individuals with an SRD. Patients with an alcohol-related diagnosis had the highest odds of visiting the ED (aOR = 3.75), followed by those with opioid (aOR = 3.57) and stimulant-related diagnoses (aOR = 3.48). Individuals with an SRD were more likely to identify as male, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latinx, have no health insurance, and have a serious mental illness. In the adjusted model, those with an SRD were significantly more likely to have ever received emergency care (aOR 3.72 [95 % CI 3.62–3.84]) than those without an SRD.

Discussion

Our study found an association between having an SRD and utilizing emergency health services. Demographic characteristics suggest disparities exist for those with SRDs around gender, race/ethnicity, insurance status, and mental health. These data can help with screening and targeted responses to prevent or provide emergency care.

物质使用是急诊就诊的一个重要因素。关于物质相关诊断（SRD）个体的ED使用模式知之甚少。我们使用来自加利福尼亚大型医疗保健系统的电子健康记录（EHR）来检查患有SRDs的个体的ED医疗保健利用和社会人口统计学特征。方法：我们使用2012年4月至2019年9月我国卫生系统中所有成年患者的电子病历数据，进行调整后的logistic回归模型，以确定SRD的社会人口学相关性（例如，使用、滥用、依赖）以及SRD与接受急诊护理之间的关联。结果样本（n = 342,651）中，女性居多（55.08%），非西班牙裔白人居多（58.10%），平均年龄48.26岁（SD = 18.10）， SRD患者18,015例（5.26%）。诊断为酒精相关的患者访问ED的几率最高（aOR = 3.75），其次是阿片类药物（aOR = 3.57）和兴奋剂相关的诊断（aOR = 3.48）。患有SRD的人更有可能认为自己是男性，黑人/非裔美国人，西班牙裔/拉丁裔，没有医疗保险，并且有严重的精神疾病。在调整后的模型中，有SRD的患者比没有SRD的患者更有可能接受过紧急护理（aOR 3.72 [95% CI 3.62-3.84]）。我们的研究发现SRD与利用紧急卫生服务之间存在关联。人口统计学特征表明，在性别、种族/民族、保险状况和心理健康方面存在着性别差异。这些数据有助于筛查和有针对性的应对措施，以预防或提供紧急护理。

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引用次数: 0

Tobacco, cannabis, alcohol, and polysubstance use disparities among sexual identity groups of US young adult women and men 烟草、大麻、酒精和多种物质使用在美国青年男女性别认同群体中的差异

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100571

Erin A. Vogel , Katelyn F. Romm , Carla J. Berg

Background

Sexual minority young adults (SMYAs) display higher rates of polysubstance use (i.e., current use of multiple substances) than their heterosexual peers, but limited research has explored differences by gender and specific sexual identity.

Methods

Latent class analyses (LCAs) examined past-month use of combustible tobacco (i.e., cigarettes, cigars, hookah), e-cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol among 2,343 YAs (M_age = 24.69, SD = 4.70; 57.4 % women, 42.6 % men; 18.0 % bisexual, 9.4 % gay or lesbian; 36.2% racial/ethnic minority) residing in 6 US metropolitan areas. Multinomial logistic regressions examined associations among sexual identity (bisexual, gay/lesbian, heterosexual) and polysubstance use classes among women (n = 1,345) and men (n = 998), separately.

Results

LCA yielded a 5-class solution: primarily-alcohol use (29.5%), polysubstance use (i.e., use of all 4 substances, 24.3%), non-use (18.1%), cannabis and alcohol co-use (16.3%), and e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol co-use (11.8%). Bisexual and lesbian (vs. heterosexual) women displayed lower odds of primarily-alcohol use, whereas bisexual (vs. heterosexual) women displayed higher odds of polysubstance use, as well as e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol co-use. Bisexual (vs. heterosexual) men displayed lower odds of primarily-alcohol use, whereas gay (vs. heterosexual) men displayed lower odds of polysubstance use, as well as e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol co-use.

Conclusions

Bisexual women were at greatest risk for polysubstance use of combustible tobacco, e-cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol, whereas bisexual and gay men were at lower risk than heterosexual men for polysubstance use. Results underscore the need for tailored interventions and campaigns to consider patterns of co-occurring tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol use, particularly for bisexual women.

性少数年轻人（SMYAs）比异性恋同龄人显示出更高的多物质使用率（即当前使用多种物质），但有限的研究探讨了性别和特定性身份的差异。方法通过潜类分析（lca）对2,343名青少年过去一个月使用可燃烟草（即香烟、雪茄、水烟）、电子烟、大麻和酒精的情况进行调查(Mage = 24.69, SD = 4.70；女性占57.4%，男性占42.6%；18.0%双性恋，9.4%男同性恋或女同性恋；36.2%种族/少数民族)居住在美国6个大都市区。多项逻辑回归分别研究了女性（n = 1345）和男性（n = 998）的性身份（双性恋、男同性恋/女同性恋、异性恋）和多物质使用类别之间的关系。结果slca得到5类解决方案：主要使用酒精（29.5%）、多物质使用（即使用所有4种物质，24.3%）、不使用（18.1%）、大麻和酒精混合使用（16.3%）、电子烟、大麻和酒精混合使用（11.8%）。双性恋和女同性恋（与异性恋相比）女性主要使用酒精的几率较低，而双性恋（与异性恋相比）女性使用多种物质、电子烟、大麻和酒精的几率较高。双性恋（相对于异性恋）男性主要使用酒精的几率较低，而同性恋（相对于异性恋）男性使用多种物质、电子烟、大麻和酒精的几率较低。结论双性恋女性使用可燃烟草、电子烟、大麻和酒精的风险最高，而双性恋和男同性恋男性使用多物质的风险低于异性恋男性。研究结果强调需要有针对性的干预措施和运动，以考虑烟草、大麻和酒精同时使用的模式，特别是双性恋妇女。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of provoked stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in individuals with alcohol use disorder 诱发应激对酒精使用障碍个体无模型和基于模型的强化学习的影响

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100574

Florent Wyckmans , Armand Chatard , Charles Kornreich , Damien Gruson , Nemat Jaafari , Xavier Noël

Background

From both clinical and theoretical perspectives, understanding the functionality of evaluative reinforcement learning mechanisms (Model-Free, MF, and Model-Based, MB) under provoked stress, particularly in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), is crucial yet underexplored. This study aims to evaluate whether individuals with AUD who do not seek treatment show a greater tendency towards retrospective behaviors (MF) rather than prospective and deliberative simulations (MB) compared to controls. Additionally, it examines the impact of induced social stress on these decision-making processes.

Methods

A cohort comprising 117 participants, including 55 individuals with AUD and 62 controls, was examined. Acute social stress was induced through the socially evaluated cold pressor task (SECPT), followed by engagement in a Two-Step Markov task to assess MB and MF learning tendencies. We measured hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis stress response using salivary cortisol levels.

Results

Both groups showed similar baseline cortisol levels and responses to the SECPT. Our findings indicate that participants with AUD exhibit a reduced reliance on MB strategies compared to those without AUD. Furthermore, stress decreases reliance on MB strategies in healthy participants, but this effect is not observed in those with AUD.

Conclusion

An atypical pattern of stress modulation impacting the balance between MB and MF reinforcement learning was identified in individuals with AUD who are not seeking treatment. Potential explanations for these findings and their clinical implications are explored.

从临床和理论的角度来看，理解诱发性压力下，特别是酒精使用障碍（AUD）中评估性强化学习机制（无模型，MF和基于模型，MB）的功能是至关重要的，但尚未得到充分探索。本研究旨在评估与对照组相比，不寻求治疗的AUD患者是否更倾向于回顾性行为（MF），而不是前瞻性和审慎模拟（MB）。此外，它还考察了诱发的社会压力对这些决策过程的影响。方法对117名参与者进行队列研究，其中55名AUD患者和62名对照组。通过社会评价冷压任务（SECPT）诱发急性社会压力，然后参与两步马尔可夫任务来评估MB和MF学习倾向。我们使用唾液皮质醇水平测量下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴应激反应。结果两组的基线皮质醇水平和对SECPT的反应相似。我们的研究结果表明，与没有AUD的参与者相比，AUD参与者对MB策略的依赖程度降低。此外，压力降低了健康参与者对MB策略的依赖，但在AUD患者中没有观察到这种影响。结论在不寻求治疗的AUD患者中发现了影响MB和MF强化学习平衡的非典型应激调节模式。对这些发现的潜在解释及其临床意义进行了探讨。

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引用次数: 0

Risky sexual behavior in Veterans seeking substance use and mental health treatment 退伍军人寻求药物使用和心理健康治疗的危险性行为

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100572

Joseph W. Tu , Rachael J. Shaw , Autumn Rae Florimbio , Kaitlyn McCarthy , Erin E. Bonar , Stephen T. Chermack , Jamie J. Winters , Maureen A. Walton , Minden B. Sexton

Veterans in the United States are at an elevated risk for substance use and risky sexual behaviors, either of which may function as coping responses to trauma exposure. The current study examined risky sexual behaviors in a sample of Veterans seeking therapy to reduce substance use behaviors and mental health symptoms as part of a larger randomized controlled trial. Self-report measures assessed substance use behaviors, PTSD, and risky sexual behaviors. Veterans (N = 834) were mostly male (93.4 %) and White (71.6 %) with an average age of 48.25 years. In the past 30 days, 50.5 % of Veterans had sex and 57.3 % of Veterans reported at least one day of heavy drinking. Among Veterans who had a regular sexual partner, 84.9 % did not always use a condom, whereas 77.1 % of Veterans who had a casual partner did not always use a condom. Of Veterans who endorsed sex in the past month, 49 % had a sexual encounter while intoxicated from alcohol and/or drugs, an outcome that was significantly associated with heavy drinking via multiple regression analysis. Nevertheless, other forms of risky sexual behavior (i.e., number of sexual partners and condom use) were not significantly associated with heavy drinking. Further, risky sexual behaviors were not directly associated with PTSD symptoms. Findings suggest that despite the high prevalence of risky sexual behaviors, these behaviors among this sample of treatment-seeking Veterans may be explained by other unexplored factors. Future research is necessary to explore alternative explanations for these behaviors to inform interventions.

在美国，退伍军人在药物使用和危险性行为方面的风险较高，这两种行为都可能是对创伤暴露的应对反应。作为一项更大的随机对照试验的一部分，目前的研究在寻求治疗以减少物质使用行为和精神健康症状的退伍军人样本中检查了危险的性行为。自我报告测量评估物质使用行为、创伤后应激障碍和危险性行为。退伍军人834人，以男性（93.4%）和白人（71.6%）居多，平均年龄48.25岁。在过去的30天里，50.5%的退伍军人发生过性行为，57.3%的退伍军人报告至少有一天酗酒。在有固定性伴侣的退伍军人中，84.9%的人并不总是使用安全套，而有临时伴侣的退伍军人中77.1%的人并不总是使用安全套。在过去一个月里支持性行为的退伍军人中，49%的人在醉酒和/或吸毒时发生过性行为，通过多元回归分析，这一结果与大量饮酒显著相关。然而，其他形式的危险性行为（即性伴侣的数量和避孕套的使用）与酗酒没有显著关联。此外，危险性行为与创伤后应激障碍症状没有直接关系。研究结果表明，尽管高风险的性行为非常普遍，但在寻求治疗的退伍军人样本中，这些行为可能会被其他未被探索的因素所解释。未来的研究有必要探索这些行为的其他解释，以告知干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Dimensionality and validity of the Gambling Motives Questionnaire – Financial among lottery loyalty program participants 彩票忠诚计划参与者赌博动机问卷的维度与效度。

Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100570

Jihyeong Jeong, Paul Sacco

Objective

The Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial (GMQ-F) measures four gambling motives and these overlapping constructs may be distinct but also represent an overall gambling motivation. Thus, this study examined the scale’s factor structure by testing multiple-factor model configurations and then analyzing the association between these constructs and a problem gambling assessment.

Methods

Data from a lottery loyalty program in a Midwestern state in the United States were analyzed (n = 6847). The dimensionality of the GMQ-F was tested using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) comparing three different models. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to assess the association between gambling motives using the best fitting model in the CFAs and problem gambling severity measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI).

Results

Bifactor indices suggested limited multidimensionality with most of the variance explained by overall gambling motives, and limited variances explained by specific motives except financial motives. In the SEM, general motives were associated with a higher PGSI score. Social motives were associated with a lower PGSI score, while coping motives were associated with a higher score. Enhancement and financial motives showed no associations with PGSI scores.

Conclusions

Our findings support the value of the GMQ-F as an instrument for measuring gambling motivation, with the caveat that the types of motivations or subscales are highly correlated. Future research should explore the financial gain as a distinct motivation for gambling.

目的：赌博动机问卷-金融（GMQ-F）测量四种赌博动机，这些重叠的结构可能是不同的，但也代表了一个整体的赌博动机。因此，本研究通过测试多因素模型配置来检验量表的因素结构，然后分析这些结构与问题赌博评估之间的关系。方法：对来自美国中西部某州彩票忠诚计划的数据进行分析（n = 6847）。GMQ-F的维度采用验证性因子分析（CFAs）比较三种不同的模型进行测试。使用结构方程模型（SEM）来评估赌博动机之间的关联，使用cfa中最佳拟合模型和问题赌博严重程度指数（PGSI）测量的问题赌博严重程度。结果：双因素指标显示多元性有限，大部分方差由整体博彩动机解释，有限方差由除金融动机外的特定动机解释。在扫描电镜中，一般动机与较高的PGSI分数相关。社交动机与较低的PGSI得分相关，而应对动机与较高的PGSI得分相关。增强和经济动机与PGSI分数没有关联。结论：我们的研究结果支持GMQ-F作为衡量赌博动机的工具的价值，但需要注意的是，动机类型或子量表是高度相关的。未来的研究应该探索经济收益作为赌博的一个独特动机。

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引用次数: 0