Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.35253/jaema.2019.1.10
J. D'Alton
Review(s) of: The bishop of Rome in late antiquity, by Dunn, Geoffrey D. (ed.), (Farnham and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2015) hardcover, xi + 273 pages; RRP AUD 116; ISBN 9781472455512.
评论：古代晚期的罗马主教，Dunn，Geoffrey D.（编辑），（Farnham and Burlington，VT:Ashgate，2015）精装版，xi+273页；RRP AUD 116；是9781472455512。
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Few scholars would deny that some Old Norse myths have Christian counterparts, a phenomenon first noticed by nineteenth-century archaeologists and antiquarians in their observations of Anglo-Scandinavian stone sculpture in northern England. It is strange, therefore, that despite this long tradition, there is no systematic study on the topic. While this ambition is unfortunately outside the scope of this article, it does seek to address a number of Old Norse myths/legends and place them in conjunction with their Christian counterparts. One of the most important myths for Anglo-Scandinavian craftsmen was probably Sigurðr, who has an obvious parallel in Christ. The apocalyptic narrative in Voluspa known as Ragnarök was also a very popular subject and has a clear cognate in the apocalyptic sections of the Bible. Þórr and the Miðgarðsormr, though less appealing to artists, strongly recalls accounts of the conflict between Christ and Satan or Leviathan. This article uses a theoretical methodology called ‘figural interpretation’ to examine the Old Norse myths and explore how they reflect certain myths from the new religion. While distinctly art historical in approach, this article also invokes some Old Norse texts where relevant, which may themselves have been influenced by Christian thinking.
很少有学者会否认一些古挪威神话中有基督教神话，这一现象最早是19世纪考古学家和古物学家在观察英格兰北部盎格鲁-斯堪的纳维亚石雕时注意到的。因此，奇怪的是，尽管有着悠久的传统，却没有对这一主题进行系统的研究。不幸的是，这一野心超出了本文的范围，但它确实试图解决一些古挪威神话/传说，并将它们与基督教神话/传说联系起来。盎格鲁-斯堪的纳维亚工匠最重要的神话之一可能是sigur & r，他与基督有明显的相似之处。《伏鲁斯帕》中的末世叙事Ragnarök也是一个非常受欢迎的主题，在《圣经》的末世部分有明显的同源。Þórr和mi - gar - sormr，虽然对艺术家没有那么有吸引力，但强烈地回忆起基督与撒旦或利维坦之间的冲突。本文采用一种称为“形象解释”的理论方法来研究古挪威神话，并探索它们如何反映新宗教的某些神话。虽然在方法上具有明显的艺术历史，但本文也引用了一些相关的古挪威文本，这些文本本身可能受到基督教思想的影响。
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Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.35253/jaema.2019.1.22
Jennifer Hekmeijer
Review(s) of: English alliterative verse: Poetic tradition and literary history Cambridge studies in medieval literature, by Weiskott, Eric, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016) hardcover, xiv + 133 pages, RRP AUD 41.95; ISBN: 9781107169654.
{"title":"English alliterative verse: Poetic tradition and literary history Cambridge studies in medieval literature [Book Review]","authors":"Jennifer Hekmeijer","doi":"10.35253/jaema.2019.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2019.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"Review(s) of: English alliterative verse: Poetic tradition and literary history Cambridge studies in medieval literature, by Weiskott, Eric, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016) hardcover, xiv + 133 pages, RRP AUD 41.95; ISBN: 9781107169654.","PeriodicalId":38059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49462180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.35253/jaema.2019.1.12
D. White
Review(s) of: Cultural encounters on Byzantiumʹs Northern frontier, c. AD 500 -700, by Gandila, Andrei, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018) ebook, 394 pages, RRP $US65; ISBN 9781108470421.
{"title":"Cultural encounters on Byzantiumʹs Northern frontier, c. AD 500 -700 [Book Review]","authors":"D. White","doi":"10.35253/jaema.2019.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2019.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Review(s) of: Cultural encounters on Byzantiumʹs Northern frontier, c. AD 500 -700, by Gandila, Andrei, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018) ebook, 394 pages, RRP $US65; ISBN 9781108470421.","PeriodicalId":38059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44986177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review(s) of: Ecclesia, monasteria, privilegia. Studia z dziejow Kosciola w sredniowiecznej Polsce, by Dobosz, Jozef, [edited by Marzena Matla, Marcin Danielewski, Magdalena Binias-Szkopek, and Robert Tomczak] (Poznan: Instutut Historii UAM, 2019) hardcover, 401 pages, RRP AUD 50; ISBN: 9788365663887.
{"title":"Ecclesia, monasteria, privilegia. Studia z dziejow Kosciola w sredniowiecznej Polsce [Book Review]","authors":"Darius von Guttner Sporzynski","doi":"10.35253/jaema.2019.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2019.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Review(s) of: Ecclesia, monasteria, privilegia. Studia z dziejow Kosciola w sredniowiecznej Polsce, by Dobosz, Jozef, [edited by Marzena Matla, Marcin Danielewski, Magdalena Binias-Szkopek, and Robert Tomczak] (Poznan: Instutut Historii UAM, 2019) hardcover, 401 pages, RRP AUD 50; ISBN: 9788365663887.","PeriodicalId":38059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70028199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the tenth century, a sung dialogue, the 'Quem queritis' trope, appeared as a ceremonial addition to the paschal vigil and morning liturgy of Easter Sunday. It is often appraised as the bridge between liturgical chant and the later full-cast liturgical dramas of the Middle Ages, but what has generally not been considered, is that Franco-Romano (Gregorian) chant, compiled at least a century earlier, already contained the seeds of liturgical drama from which this dialogue naturally grew. This paper shows that some ideomelic chants from the twelfth-century 'Graduale Sarisburiense' from England, a minor variant of earlier graduals from the Continent, enact a vocal drama utilising the words of the biblical personages found in the chant text. Specifically, two types of dramatic representations are examined: the monologue and the dialogue. In the former, the text is spoken by one biblical figure whose ethos is expressed musically. In the latter, more than one voice conveys the words of the biblical text, and these are delineated musically. Employing examples for each type, I discuss the different ways that chant melody makes representational drama possible. Monologues studied are the introits 'Resurrexi, Ad te levavi, Gaudete', and the offertories 'Dextera Domini and Ave Maria'. Of the dialogues studied are the communions, 'Dominus Jesus, Fili, quid fecisti, Dicit Dominus: Implete, and the offertory Precatus est Moyses' which is examined in greater detail.
在10世纪，一段歌唱的对话，“Quem queritis”的比喻，作为复活节星期日的逾越守夜和早晨礼拜仪式的附加仪式出现。它经常被评价为礼仪圣歌和后来全演员的中世纪礼仪戏剧之间的桥梁，但通常没有被考虑到的是，佛朗哥-罗马诺(格里高利)圣歌，至少在一个世纪之前编写，已经包含了礼仪戏剧的种子，这种对话自然就从这里发展起来了。本文展示了一些来自12世纪英格兰的“渐进式圣歌”的意识形态圣歌，这是来自欧洲大陆的早期渐进式圣歌的一个小变体，利用圣歌文本中发现的圣经人物的话语来表演一出声乐戏剧。具体来说，我们考察了两种戏剧表现形式:独白和对话。在前者中，文本是由一个圣经人物讲的，他的精神是用音乐表达的。在后者中，不止一种声音传达圣经文本的话语，这些声音被音乐描绘出来。我以每种类型为例，讨论了吟唱旋律使代表性戏剧成为可能的不同方式。所研究的独白是引言“复活，复活，高德特”和祭品“上帝和圣母”。在研究的对话中，有共融，“主耶稣，Fili, quid fecisti, Dicit Dominus: complete”，以及更详细地研究的奉献礼“Precatus est Moyses”。
{"title":"The Musical Enactment of Drama in Sarum Plainsong","authors":"Ted Krasnicki","doi":"10.35253/jaema.2019.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2019.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In the tenth century, a sung dialogue, the 'Quem queritis' trope, appeared as a ceremonial addition to the paschal vigil and morning liturgy of Easter Sunday. It is often appraised as the bridge between liturgical chant and the later full-cast liturgical dramas of the Middle Ages, but what has generally not been considered, is that Franco-Romano (Gregorian) chant, compiled at least a century earlier, already contained the seeds of liturgical drama from which this dialogue naturally grew. This paper shows that some ideomelic chants from the twelfth-century 'Graduale Sarisburiense' from England, a minor variant of earlier graduals from the Continent, enact a vocal drama utilising the words of the biblical personages found in the chant text. Specifically, two types of dramatic representations are examined: the monologue and the dialogue. In the former, the text is spoken by one biblical figure whose ethos is expressed musically. In the latter, more than one voice conveys the words of the biblical text, and these are delineated musically. Employing examples for each type, I discuss the different ways that chant melody makes representational drama possible. Monologues studied are the introits 'Resurrexi, Ad te levavi, Gaudete', and the offertories 'Dextera Domini and Ave Maria'. Of the dialogues studied are the communions, 'Dominus Jesus, Fili, quid fecisti, Dicit Dominus: Implete, and the offertory Precatus est Moyses' which is examined in greater detail.","PeriodicalId":38059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70028130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Translation and authority: Authorities in translation [Book Review]","authors":"Roderick McDonald","doi":"10.35253/jaema.2019.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2019.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Review(s) of: Translation and authority: Authorities in translation, by de Leemans, Pieter, and Goyens, Michele (eds), The Medieval Translator/Traduire au Moyen Age, vol. 16 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2016) paperback, 391 pages, 7 b/w illustrations, RRP euro85.00; ISBN: 9782503566764.","PeriodicalId":38059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70027617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35253/jaema.2019.1.11
T. Scott
Review(s) of: East and West in the early middle ages: The Merovingian kingdoms in mediterranean perspective, by Esders, S., Fox, Y., Hen, Y., and Sarti, L. (eds), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019) hardcover, 360 pages, RRP 90 pounds; ISBN 9781316941072.
{"title":"East and West in the early middle ages: The Merovingian kingdoms in mediterranean perspective [Book Review]","authors":"T. Scott","doi":"10.35253/jaema.2019.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2019.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Review(s) of: East and West in the early middle ages: The Merovingian kingdoms in mediterranean perspective, by Esders, S., Fox, Y., Hen, Y., and Sarti, L. (eds), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019) hardcover, 360 pages, RRP 90 pounds; ISBN 9781316941072.","PeriodicalId":38059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70027480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Galla Placidia, daughter of Theodosius I, half-sister of Arcadius and Honorius, wife of Constantius III, and mother of Valentinian III, spent much of her life on the move, living across the Roman empire of late antiquity from Barcelona to Istanbul. In nearly every instance her moves were the results of political circumstances she did not instigate but which she soon had under control. In the climax of Olympiodorus of Thebes' history we are told that Theodosius II, her nephew, sent Galla Placidia and the child Valentinian back to the West, from which they had been exiled, together with an army to defeat the usurper John, who had taken control of the western empire. While Olympiodorus attributes the initiative for this action to Theodosius, this paper argues that Galla Placidia's agency in taking advantage of John's usurpation to orchestrate her return to Italy should not be underestimated.
{"title":"\"...Went to Rome, and when all had assembled there...\": Galla Placidia and the Theodosian retaking of the west in 425","authors":"Geoffrey D. Dunn","doi":"10.35253/jaema.2018.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2018.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Galla Placidia, daughter of Theodosius I, half-sister of Arcadius and Honorius, wife of Constantius III, and mother of Valentinian III, spent much of her life on the move, living across the Roman empire of late antiquity from Barcelona to Istanbul. In nearly every instance her moves were the results of political circumstances she did not instigate but which she soon had under control. In the climax of Olympiodorus of Thebes' history we are told that Theodosius II, her nephew, sent Galla Placidia and the child Valentinian back to the West, from which they had been exiled, together with an army to defeat the usurper John, who had taken control of the western empire. While Olympiodorus attributes the initiative for this action to Theodosius, this paper argues that Galla Placidia's agency in taking advantage of John's usurpation to orchestrate her return to Italy should not be underestimated.","PeriodicalId":38059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47213651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite official declarations against cross-dressing in the fourth century, eleven uitae that praise the ascetic superiority of cross-dressing female saints were produced in late antiquity. Engaging in a practice that was explicitly forbidden by numerous ecclesiastical synods, women who cross-dressed were often labelled as 'others' because they resisted social expectations and gender norms and trespassed into the masculine realms of independence and holiness. This study examines the gendered representation of one of these cross-dressing female saints named Anastasia. It traces her gendered representation across three versions of her Greek uita, two of which are preserved in Vita Danielis and one in the Greek 'Menaion'. These texts are fascinating because of the differing degrees to which they tolerate and promote the gender ambiguity of the heroine. While the former versions allow Anastasia a degree of gender ambiguity, the 'Menaion' version suppresses much of this ambiguity. I will demonstrate this by exploring three aspects of Anastasia's gendered characterisation in the texts: 1) designations for her throughout each narrative; 2) her identification as a eunuch; and 3) the degree of agency attributed to her. I conclude by offering some thoughts about how alterity theory can help account for these different representations, which I argue are responses to the perceived alterity of the saint.
{"title":"Erasing alterity: Gendered characterisation in the different versions of Vita Anastasiae","authors":"N. Mylonas","doi":"10.35253/jaema.2017.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2017.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Despite official declarations against cross-dressing in the fourth century, eleven uitae that praise the ascetic superiority of cross-dressing female saints were produced in late antiquity. Engaging in a practice that was explicitly forbidden by numerous ecclesiastical synods, women who cross-dressed were often labelled as 'others' because they resisted social expectations and gender norms and trespassed into the masculine realms of independence and holiness. This study examines the gendered representation of one of these cross-dressing female saints named Anastasia. It traces her gendered representation across three versions of her Greek uita, two of which are preserved in Vita Danielis and one in the Greek 'Menaion'. These texts are fascinating because of the differing degrees to which they tolerate and promote the gender ambiguity of the heroine. While the former versions allow Anastasia a degree of gender ambiguity, the 'Menaion' version suppresses much of this ambiguity. I will demonstrate this by exploring three aspects of Anastasia's gendered characterisation in the texts: 1) designations for her throughout each narrative; 2) her identification as a eunuch; and 3) the degree of agency attributed to her. I conclude by offering some thoughts about how alterity theory can help account for these different representations, which I argue are responses to the perceived alterity of the saint.","PeriodicalId":38059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association","volume":"24 1","pages":"19-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73192287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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