This paper presents an overview of the InterPSS project - an Internet technology based open-source power system simulation software development project, and discusses its system architecture, development process, extension mechanism and testing process. InterPSS features an open architecture, allowing advanced user to plugin additional modules to augment its functionality and/or change its behavior. InterPSS could potentially become an Internet-based platform for user participation, collaboration and further innovation in the area of power system simulation.
{"title":"Internet, Open-source and Power System Simulation","authors":"Mike Zhou, S. Zhou","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385492","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of the InterPSS project - an Internet technology based open-source power system simulation software development project, and discusses its system architecture, development process, extension mechanism and testing process. InterPSS features an open architecture, allowing advanced user to plugin additional modules to augment its functionality and/or change its behavior. InterPSS could potentially become an Internet-based platform for user participation, collaboration and further innovation in the area of power system simulation.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127191157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frequency is an important parameter in understanding the operation of power systems. Dynamic visualization of frequency measurements provides a quick and direct way to view the state of the system. Tools are being developed to help observe frequency behavior from both simulations and real-time field measurements. Frequency replay from simulation data provides some insights of how the frequency electromechanical waves propagate through the system in response to major events. Several examples are given to show some characteristics of the wave propagation. Visualization from frequency disturbance recorder (FDR) measurements provides a real-time view of the system's status.
{"title":"Visualization of Wide-Area Frequency Measurement Information","authors":"J. Bank, R. Gardner, S. Tsai, K. Kook, Yilu Liu","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385507","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency is an important parameter in understanding the operation of power systems. Dynamic visualization of frequency measurements provides a quick and direct way to view the state of the system. Tools are being developed to help observe frequency behavior from both simulations and real-time field measurements. Frequency replay from simulation data provides some insights of how the frequency electromechanical waves propagate through the system in response to major events. Several examples are given to show some characteristics of the wave propagation. Visualization from frequency disturbance recorder (FDR) measurements provides a real-time view of the system's status.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125028206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High impedance faults (HIFs) are difficult to detect by overcurrent protection relays. This paper presents an ATP/EMTP fault simulations studies based algorithm for high impedance fault detection in extra high voltage transmission line. The scheme recognizes the distortion of the voltage waveforms caused by the arcs usually associated with HIF. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based analysis, yields three phase voltage in the high frequency range which are fed to a classifier for pattern recognition. The classifier is based on an algorithm that uses recursive method to sum the absolute values of the high frequency signal generated over one cycle and shifting one sample. A HIF model of distribution is modified for EHV transmission lines. Characteristics of the proposed fault detection scheme are analyzed by extensive simulation studies that clearly reveal that the proposed method can accurately detect HIFs in the EHV transmission lines.
{"title":"High Impedance Faults Detection in EHV Transmission Lines Using the Wavelet Transforms","authors":"E. Eldin, D. Ibrahim, E. Aboul-Zahab, S. Saleh","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385458","url":null,"abstract":"High impedance faults (HIFs) are difficult to detect by overcurrent protection relays. This paper presents an ATP/EMTP fault simulations studies based algorithm for high impedance fault detection in extra high voltage transmission line. The scheme recognizes the distortion of the voltage waveforms caused by the arcs usually associated with HIF. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based analysis, yields three phase voltage in the high frequency range which are fed to a classifier for pattern recognition. The classifier is based on an algorithm that uses recursive method to sum the absolute values of the high frequency signal generated over one cycle and shifting one sample. A HIF model of distribution is modified for EHV transmission lines. Characteristics of the proposed fault detection scheme are analyzed by extensive simulation studies that clearly reveal that the proposed method can accurately detect HIFs in the EHV transmission lines.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123197029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper compares the Discos tariff review process in Brazil, Panama and Peru, three Latin American countries where ldquoderegulationrdquo and privatization of the power industry and the setting of incentives regulation in the distribution branch has being successfully implemented through price/revenue cap schemes, hence stimulating efficiency. The paper discusses how the main components of the tariff are set in the three countries and the implications of the different approaches.
{"title":"Compared Regulations: The Tariff Review Process in Brazil, Panama and Peru","authors":"R. Varela, E. Redolfi","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385874","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the Discos tariff review process in Brazil, Panama and Peru, three Latin American countries where ldquoderegulationrdquo and privatization of the power industry and the setting of incentives regulation in the distribution branch has being successfully implemented through price/revenue cap schemes, hence stimulating efficiency. The paper discusses how the main components of the tariff are set in the three countries and the implications of the different approaches.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123253135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Talebi, M. Rahimpour, A. Gholami, A. Vahedi, H. Shayanfar
This paper presents a genetic algorithm based technique for on-line estimation of synchronous generator parameters, using an excitation disturbance. To illustrate and verify the proposed algorithm, some excitation disturbance tests are conducted on an actual hydro generator. Machine response to the applied disturbance is processed by the proposed technique using genetic algorithm. The estimated values of the parameters are compared with manufacture's data and also validated by comparing measured and simulated d-axis and q- axis flux linkages.
{"title":"A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Identifying Synchronous Generator Parameters from Excitation Disturbance Test","authors":"M. Talebi, M. Rahimpour, A. Gholami, A. Vahedi, H. Shayanfar","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385552","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a genetic algorithm based technique for on-line estimation of synchronous generator parameters, using an excitation disturbance. To illustrate and verify the proposed algorithm, some excitation disturbance tests are conducted on an actual hydro generator. Machine response to the applied disturbance is processed by the proposed technique using genetic algorithm. The estimated values of the parameters are compared with manufacture's data and also validated by comparing measured and simulated d-axis and q- axis flux linkages.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123414158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The object of this paper is to study the risk of long- term bilateral contract in the deregulated power system. A model for long-term bilateral contract pricing with risks of congestion is presented. The negotiated income, variable fuel cost, investment depreciation, and congestion payment during the whole contract period are involved in this model. Based on the principle of no-arbitrage, the negotiated income is derived. The congestion payment is modeled as a random variable to take into account the fluctuation and uncertainties of load demand. For each operating scenario, the congestion charge is evaluated by AC OPF approach. A numerical method so-called 2n -concentration scheme is proposed to obtain the statistical characteristic of congestion charge instead of Monte Carlo simulation. Comparing with the Monte Carlo simulation, this method is less computation time consuming with acceptable numerical precision. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the proposed method.
{"title":"Long-Term Bilateral Contract Pricing with Risks of Congestion Charge","authors":"Yunhe Hou, F. Wu","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385785","url":null,"abstract":"The object of this paper is to study the risk of long- term bilateral contract in the deregulated power system. A model for long-term bilateral contract pricing with risks of congestion is presented. The negotiated income, variable fuel cost, investment depreciation, and congestion payment during the whole contract period are involved in this model. Based on the principle of no-arbitrage, the negotiated income is derived. The congestion payment is modeled as a random variable to take into account the fluctuation and uncertainties of load demand. For each operating scenario, the congestion charge is evaluated by AC OPF approach. A numerical method so-called 2n -concentration scheme is proposed to obtain the statistical characteristic of congestion charge instead of Monte Carlo simulation. Comparing with the Monte Carlo simulation, this method is less computation time consuming with acceptable numerical precision. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123670133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary form only given. Weather is one of the major factors affecting the reliability of power distribution systems. An effective method to model weather's impact on overhead distribution lines' failure rates will enable utilities to compare their systems' reliabilities under different weather conditions. This will allow them to make the right decisions to obtain the best operation and maintenance plan to reduce impacts of weather on reliabilities. Two methods to model overhead distribution lines' failure rates are presented in this paper. The first is based on a Poisson regression model, and it captures the counting nature of failure events on overhead distribution lines. The second is a Bayesian network model, which uses conditional probabilities of failures given different weather states. Both methods are used to predict the yearly weather-related failure events on overhead lines. This is followed by a Monte Carlo analysis to determine prediction bounds. The results obtained by these models are compared to evaluate their salient features.
{"title":"Modeling Weather-Related Failures of Overhead Distribution Lines","authors":"A. Pahwa","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.386167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.386167","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Weather is one of the major factors affecting the reliability of power distribution systems. An effective method to model weather's impact on overhead distribution lines' failure rates will enable utilities to compare their systems' reliabilities under different weather conditions. This will allow them to make the right decisions to obtain the best operation and maintenance plan to reduce impacts of weather on reliabilities. Two methods to model overhead distribution lines' failure rates are presented in this paper. The first is based on a Poisson regression model, and it captures the counting nature of failure events on overhead distribution lines. The second is a Bayesian network model, which uses conditional probabilities of failures given different weather states. Both methods are used to predict the yearly weather-related failure events on overhead lines. This is followed by a Monte Carlo analysis to determine prediction bounds. The results obtained by these models are compared to evaluate their salient features.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125277810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary form only given. For the accurate prediction of the performances of saturated synchronous machines, the saturation characteristics in both the direct and quadrature axes are needed. The d-axis saturation characteristic of a synchronous machine can be measured easily by the open-circuit test with the machine excited from its field winding. On the other hand, the q-axis saturation characteristic of a synchronous machine cannot be measured applying a similar easy, simple method and, as a result, these characteristics are usually not experimentally measured and are not available. In this paper, three possible experimental methods for determining the q-axis saturation characteristics of both cylindrical-rotor and salient-pole synchronous machines are presented. The merits and demerits of these experimental methods are discussed from the point of view of their complexity and their accuracy. Comparisons between the measured q-axis saturation characteristics obtained by these experimental methods are made for a cylindrical-rotor machine and two salient-pole machines. Moreover, the various sources of errors which may affect the accuracy of determining the q-axis saturation characteristics by these methods are investigated.
{"title":"Measurement of the Saturation Characteristics in the Quadrature Axis of Synchronous Machines","authors":"N. Kar, A. El-Serafi","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.386256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.386256","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. For the accurate prediction of the performances of saturated synchronous machines, the saturation characteristics in both the direct and quadrature axes are needed. The d-axis saturation characteristic of a synchronous machine can be measured easily by the open-circuit test with the machine excited from its field winding. On the other hand, the q-axis saturation characteristic of a synchronous machine cannot be measured applying a similar easy, simple method and, as a result, these characteristics are usually not experimentally measured and are not available. In this paper, three possible experimental methods for determining the q-axis saturation characteristics of both cylindrical-rotor and salient-pole synchronous machines are presented. The merits and demerits of these experimental methods are discussed from the point of view of their complexity and their accuracy. Comparisons between the measured q-axis saturation characteristics obtained by these experimental methods are made for a cylindrical-rotor machine and two salient-pole machines. Moreover, the various sources of errors which may affect the accuracy of determining the q-axis saturation characteristics by these methods are investigated.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125358000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary form only given. Wireless data communications, such as WiFi, cellular systems, and meshed wireless networks, are being assessed by many industries, since they can offer significant "bottom line" benefits over wired communications. These benefits include low cost installations, rapid deployment, easy user access, mobility, and feasibility of functions not possible or not economically feasible with wired communications. Given these benefits, additional condition monitoring, safety monitoring, security management, and other new functions can be added to the arsenal for enhancing power system reliability.
{"title":"Uses of Wireless Communications to Enhance Power System Reliability","authors":"F. Cleveland","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385491","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Wireless data communications, such as WiFi, cellular systems, and meshed wireless networks, are being assessed by many industries, since they can offer significant \"bottom line\" benefits over wired communications. These benefits include low cost installations, rapid deployment, easy user access, mobility, and feasibility of functions not possible or not economically feasible with wired communications. Given these benefits, additional condition monitoring, safety monitoring, security management, and other new functions can be added to the arsenal for enhancing power system reliability.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125496894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper revisits the state estimation problem formulation by assuming availability of at least one phasor measurement unit (PMU) in the system. Existence of PMU measurements eliminates the need to choose a reference bus in the formulation of the state estimation problem. However, it also necessitates a mechanism by which erroneous PMU measurements can be detected, identified and removed from the measurement system. The paper investigates the requirements to ensure robust state estimation in the presence of single PMU errors. These requirements are verified by implementing a GPS referenced state estimator using test systems containing one or more PMU measurements.
{"title":"Effect of Phasor Measurements on the Choice of Reference Bus for State Estimation","authors":"Jun Zhu, Ali Abur","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.386175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.386175","url":null,"abstract":"This paper revisits the state estimation problem formulation by assuming availability of at least one phasor measurement unit (PMU) in the system. Existence of PMU measurements eliminates the need to choose a reference bus in the formulation of the state estimation problem. However, it also necessitates a mechanism by which erroneous PMU measurements can be detected, identified and removed from the measurement system. The paper investigates the requirements to ensure robust state estimation in the presence of single PMU errors. These requirements are verified by implementing a GPS referenced state estimator using test systems containing one or more PMU measurements.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125559996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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