In the 19th century, the society of the Habsburg monarchy underwent a fundamental transformation. The changes associated with the year 1848 and the demise of the estate society also significantly affected the social position of businessmen. Their position before this date was not legally defined and prestige did not depend on their property, but on their place in the traditional ranking of the social hierarchy associated with the possession of burgher rights or the noble title. Their prestige began to grow after this date, mainly due to the ever closer cooperation with the state and growing political influence. In the new era, the noble title was not a prerequisite for belonging to the elite, but for many people it was still a symbol of prestige and many businessmen sought it. They saw in it a demonstration of their achievements and a fulcrum for the historical memory of their entire family.
{"title":"The Making of Business Nobility. The Social Rise of Austrian Businessmen after 1848","authors":"J. Županič","doi":"10.32874/shs.2021-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32874/shs.2021-18","url":null,"abstract":"In the 19th century, the society of the Habsburg monarchy underwent a fundamental transformation. The changes associated with the year 1848 and the demise of the estate society also significantly affected the social position of businessmen. Their position before this date was not legally defined and prestige did not depend on their property, but on their place in the traditional ranking of the social hierarchy associated with the possession of burgher rights or the noble title. Their prestige began to grow after this date, mainly due to the ever closer cooperation with the state and growing political influence. In the new era, the noble title was not a prerequisite for belonging to the elite, but for many people it was still a symbol of prestige and many businessmen sought it. They saw in it a demonstration of their achievements and a fulcrum for the historical memory of their entire family.","PeriodicalId":38093,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historica Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43352317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents a thorough analysis of the dynamic political situation on Slovene ground in 1920, which was created by protest marches connected to the question of Slovene borders, women's right to vote, the establishment of the communist Workers' Socialist Party of Slovenia and the assembly of the catholic Slovene People's Party (SLS) in Ljubljana. The reality of the communist movement was shown by the railway and general strike in the second half of April 1920, which culminated on April 24, with tragic blood spill on Zaloška cesta in Ljubljana. Politically, the communists were the third strongest actor in the state and for the purpose of their elimination, the Belgrade government passed the so-called Obznana law on December 29, 1920, and forbid their activities. The changing political situation could also be seen at the already limited management of Slovenia. There were several changes of the Land Government for Slovenia, which were connected to the changes of the central government in Belgrade. The year 1920 was a turning point in many ways. It predicted troubled political years ahead and the prediction was right.
{"title":"Politične razmere na Slovenskem leta 1920","authors":"Jurij Perovšek","doi":"10.32874/shs.2021-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32874/shs.2021-14","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a thorough analysis of the dynamic political situation on Slovene ground in 1920, which was created by protest marches connected to the question of Slovene borders, women's right to vote, the establishment of the communist Workers' Socialist Party of Slovenia and the assembly of the catholic Slovene People's Party (SLS) in Ljubljana. The reality of the communist movement was shown by the railway and general strike in the second half of April 1920, which culminated on April 24, with tragic blood spill on Zaloška cesta in Ljubljana. Politically, the communists were the third strongest actor in the state and for the purpose of their elimination, the Belgrade government passed the so-called Obznana law on December 29, 1920, and forbid their activities. The changing political situation could also be seen at the already limited management of Slovenia. There were several changes of the Land Government for Slovenia, which were connected to the changes of the central government in Belgrade. The year 1920 was a turning point in many ways. It predicted troubled political years ahead and the prediction was right.","PeriodicalId":38093,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historica Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43612013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most important Slovenian politicians of the 20th century, Dr. Anton Korošec (1872–1940), started his political career in Styria, which was the foundation for his later ascend in the Austrian, Slovenian and Yugoslav territory. During the Austrian era, as he was a Catholic politician, his main adversaries in his local Lower Styrian surroundings were liberals, which coincided well with the then prevailing political division. They named him as the "general" of the Catholic political party, the Slovenian Peasant Union in Styria, which won the state (1907, 1911) and parliamentary (1909) elections and had absolute dominance in Styria.
{"title":"Anton Korošec in štajerski liberalci","authors":"Jurij Perovšek","doi":"10.32874/shs.2021-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32874/shs.2021-09","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important Slovenian politicians of the 20th century, Dr. Anton Korošec (1872–1940), started his political career in Styria, which was the foundation for his later ascend in the Austrian, Slovenian and Yugoslav territory. During the Austrian era, as he was a Catholic politician, his main adversaries in his local Lower Styrian surroundings were liberals, which coincided well with the then prevailing political division. They named him as the \"general\" of the Catholic political party, the Slovenian Peasant Union in Styria, which won the state (1907, 1911) and parliamentary (1909) elections and had absolute dominance in Styria.","PeriodicalId":38093,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historica Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48559105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author discusses the role of Anton Korošec in the downfall of the Milan Stojadinović government in February 1939, one of the more exciting moments of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He confronts some theoretical issues when explaining the background of the political conspiracy, which he conceives as the contrast between public and politically legitimized action. First, the meaning of structure and event. Can the government's downfall be understood as an event that happened instantaneously and was not inevitable, or can it be seen as necessary, even long-planned? Furthermore, the author wonders whether it is possible to describe the events only utilizing rational analysis and causal sequence or something missing in the process. The discussion structure is based on a chronologically challenging concept: the definition is followed by a temporal, political, and spatial contextualization, then by a cause-and-effect analysis, and finally by a conclusion.
{"title":"Anton Korošec in padec vlade Milana Stojadinovića. O zarotah in zarotnikih","authors":"Jure Gašparič","doi":"10.32874/shs.2021-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32874/shs.2021-11","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses the role of Anton Korošec in the downfall of the Milan Stojadinović government in February 1939, one of the more exciting moments of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He confronts some theoretical issues when explaining the background of the political conspiracy, which he conceives as the contrast between public and politically legitimized action. First, the meaning of structure and event. Can the government's downfall be understood as an event that happened instantaneously and was not inevitable, or can it be seen as necessary, even long-planned? Furthermore, the author wonders whether it is possible to describe the events only utilizing rational analysis and causal sequence or something missing in the process. The discussion structure is based on a chronologically challenging concept: the definition is followed by a temporal, political, and spatial contextualization, then by a cause-and-effect analysis, and finally by a conclusion.","PeriodicalId":38093,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historica Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46599500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, the author presents the role and importance of Anton Korošec between the world wars, in maintaining the national consciousness of Slovene and Croatian minorities in Venezia Giulia. Based on the material from the archive of Engelbert Besednjak, the author presents organized action of the Secret Christian Social Organisation and the activities of the Slovene Clergy from the Primorska region between the world wars. A crucial role in the political and especially material support for the Slovene minority was played by Anton Korošec, who took care of an ongoing funding of anti-fascist and national defence initiatives of the Secret Christian Social Organisation and the Slovene Clergy from the Primorska region. He has also cooperated with Engelbert Besednjak and other representatives of Slovenes from the Primorska region.
{"title":"Anton Korošec in slovenska manjšina na Primorskem med obema vojnama","authors":"Egon Pelikan","doi":"10.32874/shs.2021-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32874/shs.2021-12","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the author presents the role and importance of Anton Korošec between the world wars, in maintaining the national consciousness of Slovene and Croatian minorities in Venezia Giulia. Based on the material from the archive of Engelbert Besednjak, the author presents organized action of the Secret Christian Social Organisation and the activities of the Slovene Clergy from the Primorska region between the world wars. A crucial role in the political and especially material support for the Slovene minority was played by Anton Korošec, who took care of an ongoing funding of anti-fascist and national defence initiatives of the Secret Christian Social Organisation and the Slovene Clergy from the Primorska region. He has also cooperated with Engelbert Besednjak and other representatives of Slovenes from the Primorska region.","PeriodicalId":38093,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historica Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42713637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses plebiscites held in years after the First World War, specifically in 1920 and 1921. They were conducted for the purpose of redrawing borders in areas where this was difficult due to their multinational structure, as well as economic, geographical, and historical factors. Thus, the great powers, who were on a winning side in the First World War, in some cases decided for an instrument of popular vote, which was not a novelty in history, but was then used for the first time to a greater extend. In the article, the authors present the similarities and differences between the discussed plebiscites.
{"title":"Plebiscites in Europe after the First World War","authors":"J. Osojnik, A. Maver","doi":"10.32874/shs.2021-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32874/shs.2021-16","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses plebiscites held in years after the First World War, specifically in 1920 and 1921. They were conducted for the purpose of redrawing borders in areas where this was difficult due to their multinational structure, as well as economic, geographical, and historical factors. Thus, the great powers, who were on a winning side in the First World War, in some cases decided for an instrument of popular vote, which was not a novelty in history, but was then used for the first time to a greater extend. In the article, the authors present the similarities and differences between the discussed plebiscites.","PeriodicalId":38093,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historica Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44796326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the main political challenges of the Provincial Government for Slovenia led by Janko Brejc, one of the most prominent Slovene political leaders in the post-imperial transition era. Based on the archival sources and different press reports, the article presents the crucial political developments in Slovenia in 1920, during Brejc's second term as the provincial prime minister, especially the April strike and the Carinthian Plebiscite.
{"title":"Brejčev drugi mandat: politični izzivi Deželne vlade za Slovenijo v letu 1920","authors":"Andrej Rahten","doi":"10.32874/shs.2021-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32874/shs.2021-15","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the main political challenges of the Provincial Government for Slovenia led by Janko Brejc, one of the most prominent Slovene political leaders in the post-imperial transition era. Based on the archival sources and different press reports, the article presents the crucial political developments in Slovenia in 1920, during Brejc's second term as the provincial prime minister, especially the April strike and the Carinthian Plebiscite.","PeriodicalId":38093,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historica Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47277306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses some key political problems in Slovene and Yugoslav history through the relationship between Anton Korošec, a Catholic priest and one of the most prominent politicians of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/Yugoslavia, and Ermenegildo Pellegrinetti, the apostolic nuncio in the first Yugoslavia. The analysis of memoirs and archival sources presents contextualised personal insights into the politicization of the Catholic Church and the activities of Catholic parties, including the issue of nationalisms, the anti-fascist action of Slovenes and Croats in Italy and the failed attempt to adopt a Concordat between the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Holy See.
{"title":"Anton Korošec in apostolski nuncij Ermenegildo Pellegrinetti: politični katolicizem, manjšinsko vprašanje in konkordat med Svetim sedežem in Kraljevino Jugoslavijo","authors":"Gašper Mithans","doi":"10.32874/shs.2021-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32874/shs.2021-13","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses some key political problems in Slovene and Yugoslav history through the relationship between Anton Korošec, a Catholic priest and one of the most prominent politicians of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/Yugoslavia, and Ermenegildo Pellegrinetti, the apostolic nuncio in the first Yugoslavia. The analysis of memoirs and archival sources presents contextualised personal insights into the politicization of the Catholic Church and the activities of Catholic parties, including the issue of nationalisms, the anti-fascist action of Slovenes and Croats in Italy and the failed attempt to adopt a Concordat between the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Holy See.","PeriodicalId":38093,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historica Slovenica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42248053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents staindpoints of the leading Slovene politician Anton Korošec in the founding era of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Based on the archival sources, press reports and memoirs, it deals with the views of Korošec regarding main problems in adopting the constitution of the new state. During the process of passing the constitution of the SHS-Kingdom Korošec had to admit defeat in materialising his constitutional concepts.
{"title":"Koroščev državnopravni koncept v ustanovni dobi Kraljevine Srbov Hrvatov in Slovencev","authors":"Andrej Rahten","doi":"10.32874/shs.2021-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32874/shs.2021-10","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents staindpoints of the leading Slovene politician Anton Korošec in the founding era of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Based on the archival sources, press reports and memoirs, it deals with the views of Korošec regarding main problems in adopting the constitution of the new state. During the process of passing the constitution of the SHS-Kingdom Korošec had to admit defeat in materialising his constitutional concepts.","PeriodicalId":38093,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historica Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43010276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The discussion deals with economic developments in 1919, the first year of the interwar period and the first Yugoslav year. In the case of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which is the subject of the analysis, the 1919 year was a complex process due to dynamics of transition to and establishment of new state. At the same time, the Habsburg monarchy was still very much alive in its concepts of regulating everyday private, social and economic life. The author analyzes these processes on the example of the eight-hour working day, agrarian reform, nostrification, war loans, currency reform and entrepreneurial practices in 1919.
{"title":"Prvo jugoslovansko leto Slovencev – gospodarski ukrepi, razhajanja in negotovosti","authors":"Žarko Lazarević","doi":"10.32874/shs.2021-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32874/shs.2021-04","url":null,"abstract":"The discussion deals with economic developments in 1919, the first year of the interwar period and the first Yugoslav year. In the case of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which is the subject of the analysis, the 1919 year was a complex process due to dynamics of transition to and establishment of new state. At the same time, the Habsburg monarchy was still very much alive in its concepts of regulating everyday private, social and economic life. The author analyzes these processes on the example of the eight-hour working day, agrarian reform, nostrification, war loans, currency reform and entrepreneurial practices in 1919.","PeriodicalId":38093,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historica Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45513906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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